南极冰表面上ClONO_2与Cl~-的反应机理研究

采用密度泛函理论计算方法B3LYP和基组6-31G(d,p),对ClONO2 Cl-(H2O)n→Cl2 NO-3(H2O)n(n=0,1,2)的反应机理进行了理论计算研究.研究发现,随着参与反应的水分子数n的增加,反应活化能垒降低.计算结果表明,在冰表面上,水一方面通过氢键的参与形成环形团簇复合物降低活化能;另一方面,水分子作为桥,辅助分子间质子发生迁移,加快反应进程,对反应起到一定的催化作用.这与实验观察到的结果相一致.     

1（TiO2）n（n=1～3）催化水解异氰酸的反应机制

采用B3LYP方法对N、H、C、O使用6-311++G(d,p)基组,对Ti使用LANL2DZ赝势基组,研究计算1(TiO2)n(n=1～3)催化水解HNCO的微观反应机制。研究HNCO和H2O在1(TiO2)n上的不同进攻方式。为了考察催化剂对反应的影响,研究了在没有催化剂作用下的HNCO+H2O的微观反应机制。结果表明:无催化剂条件下反应的发生需要克服活化能158.20 kJ/mol。1(TiO2)n对反应有着良好的催化效果,显著降低了反应的活化能垒,使反应能够在温和的条件下进行。H2O优先进攻催化剂的方式是能量上有利的过程,与实验结果吻合。     

H2在N2O内燃烧反应机理探讨

本文利用公式ΔH=-0.1196n λ计算了H2在N2O内燃烧反应的火焰温度,计算值为3197K,与实际温度2923K较为接近.根据火焰温度,提出了H2在N2O内燃烧反应的机理,该机理为:(1)2N2O→N2 2NO;(2)NO hv→N· O;(3)N· NO→N2 O·;(4)H2 O·→H2O hv.     

水合碱金属离子Na＋（H2O）n和K＋（H2O）n（n=1～6）体系电荷分布的理论研究

应用量子化学方法和原子-键电负性均衡方法(ABEEM)对Na+(H2O)n和K+(H2O)n(n=1～6)体系进行研究.采用MP2/6-31++G(d,p)方法进行几何构型的优化及频率的计算,在MP2/6-311++G(2d,2p)方法下计算了能量.以HF/STO-3G所计算的体系电荷为基准,拟合确定了Na+和K+的ABEEM参数,应用其计算所得的Na+(H2O)n和K+(H2O)n(n=1～6)的电荷分布,与从头计算的结果一致.     

层状化合物K_(0.81)Li_(0.27)Ti_(1.73)O_4的氢离子交换反应与胺剥层反应

采用固相法合成层状化合物K0.81Li0.27Ti1.73O4,考察不同原料配比、反应时间及反应温度等条件对其氢离子交换反应和有机胺插层剥层反应的影响.结果表明:在0.1～14mol/L的HNO3溶液中K0.81Li0.27Ti1.73O4均可以通过氢离子交换生成H1.08Ti1.73O4·H2O固体钛酸,若反应温度高,则产物容易转变成TiO2.合适的氢离子交换条件是:室温下浸泡4～7d,n(HNO3)∶n(KLiTiO)=10～20,c(HNO3)=1～10mol/L.在正丙胺(n-PA)和正丁胺溶液中H1.08Ti1.73O4·H2O均可以进行插层剥层反应.反应温度高和有机胺与H1.08Ti1.73O4·H2O的物质的量比过小都容易使生成物转变成TiO2相.理想的插层剥层反应条件为:120℃,反应1d,n(n-PA)∶n(HTiO)=20～100.     

醇燃烧反应机理探讨

利用公式ΔH =- 0 .1196n/λ计算了甲醇和乙醇燃烧反应的理论火焰温度 ,提出了醇燃烧反应的机理 .该机理为 :(1)O2 +ν→ 2O· ;(2 )CmH2m + 1OH→CmH2m +H2 O ;(3)CmH2m →mC +mH2 ;(4 )H2 +O·→H2 O +hν ;(5 )C +O·→CO +hν;(6 ) 2CO +O2 → 2CO2 .     

SiH_3+O_2(~3Σg)反应路径的理论研究

采用密度泛函B3LYP/6-311G**和高级电子相关耦合簇CCSD(T)/6-311G**方法计算并研究了SiH3与O2(3Σg)反应的机理,全参数优化了反应势能面上各驻点的几何构型,并用频率分析方法和内禀反应坐标(IRC)进行了计算,对过渡态进行了验证.结果表明:SiH3 O2(3Σg)反应可经多条路径和多个步骤,经缔合、氢转移和离解得到SiH3O2,SiH2O2 H,SiH2O OH,SiH3O O,SiHO2 H2等产物.     

H_3PW_(12)O_(40)/SiO_2高效催化Mannich反应合成β-氨基酮衍生物

在室温条件下,采用浸渍法合成的H3PW12O40/Si O2为催化剂,高效催化酮、芳香醛和苯胺的Mannich反应合成系列β-氨基酮衍生物.对新型催化剂H3PW12O40/Si O2的制备条件进行优化,系统地研究了H3PW12O40负载量、焙烧温度、活化时间对催化剂的影响.探讨了H3PW12O40/Si O2对酮、芳香醛和苯胺的Mannich反应的催化活性,系统地研究了反应温度、催化剂用量、反应物的摩尔比等因素对产物收率的影响.实验结果表明:在n(酮)∶n(芳香醛)∶n(苯胺)=1.5∶1.2∶1.0,催化剂的用量占反应物料总质量的8%,反应温度为20℃,反应时间为9 h的最佳条件下,β-氨基酮衍生物的收率在61.2%~77.0%之间.整个反应体系具有条件温和、操作简单、不污染环境和催化剂可重复回收利用等优点.     

(Urea)n(n=2～5)内分子间相互作用的理论化学研究

用MP2/6-311++G~(**)//B3LYP/6-311++G~(**)方法对(Urea)_n(n=2～5)复合物进行结构优化、频率和结合能的计算,并考虑基组重叠误差.研究发现,(Urea)_n(n=2～5)中存在N—H…O和N—H…N两种类型的氢键,其中,N—H…O型氢键键长较短,氢键角较大,作用强度较大.通过Mulliken电荷布居分析,发现复合物中参与形成氢键的原子所带电荷变化明显,而没有参与形成氢键的原子电荷几乎不变.基于原子-键电负性均衡方法,确定尿素团簇的相关ABEEM电荷参数,计算得到的电荷分布与量子化学结果有很好的一致性.     

不同硅铝摩尔比Pt@SOD催化氢与氧直接合成过氧化氢的性能

在原位合成不同n(Si)∶n(Al)的方钠石(sodalites,SOD)过程中加入Pt的前驱体Pt(NH3)4Cl2,制备得到不同n(Si)∶n(Al)、封装Pt的方钠石(Pt@SOD),并通过原子吸收光谱、XRD、SEM、EDS、TEM、XPS等测试方法对Pt粒子封装效果进行表征。由表征之间的相互印证可以说明:Pt@SOD系列样品的Pt封装效果较好,Pt粒子在方钠石中均匀分散且粒径较为统一,但是表面仍有微量的Pt残留。将该系列样品作为催化剂用于H2、O2直接制备过氧化氢反应,Pt粒子较好的封装效果以及方钠石微小孔道(半径0.28nm)可有效阻止O2分子与封装的Pt粒子接触,限制副反应产物H2O生成,且H2可自由扩散,与Pt活性位点接触,从而使得Pt@SOD系列样品在H2、O2直接制备过氧化氢反应中,表现出了较好的H2O2选择性。其中,Pt@SOD-(Ⅱ)-n(Si)∶n(Al)=3混合n(Si)∶n(Al)=25的HZSM-5为催化剂,在2℃下反应1h时H2O2选择性达到44%.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that