异枝麒麟菜活性硫酸粗多糖的提取工艺优化

采用能有效保护抗病毒活性基团的直接水提法提取异枝麒麟菜活性硫酸多糖，通过正交试验研究了影响多糖得率的工艺参数：KCl质量分数、温度、时间、料液比；通过均匀试验研究了其中影响最大的因素的最佳水平．结果表明，温度和KCl质量分数为多糖得率的最大影响因素，其最佳水平分别为125℃和0．93％．结合实际情况，最佳提取工艺条件可为：浸提温度95～100℃、浸提时间6h、料液质量比1：90、KCl质量分数0．93％．     

正交法优化茶籽饼粕中茶皂素的提取工艺

采用正交实验法,从提取时间、温度、乙醇浓度、液料比4个因素出发对从茶籽饼粕中提取茶皂素的工艺进行了研究．以茶皂素得率和含量为指标,得出茶皂素的最佳提取条件为：浸提时间为5h,浸提温度为70℃,乙醇浓度为80％．料液比为9：1．     

双频超声强化对三七总皂苷提取的影响

采用双频超声（40kHz／25kHz）技术对三七总皂苷提取进行强化,选择乙醇质量分数、料液比、超声作用时间及提取温度因素进行正交试验,得出影响总三七总皂苷提取率的大小次序先后为：乙醇质量分数〉超声作用时间〉料液比〉提取温度,优选出双频超声提取最佳工艺条件：质量分数为80％的乙醇,超声作用时间为30min,料液比为1：20,提取温度为40℃．在这个最佳条件下试验,三七总皂苷提取率为82．41％．采用碘化钾溶液中碘的释放量来研究超声空化事件。结果表明：在相同的超声电功率下,双频超声释放碘的量远大于单频25kHz超声和单频40kHz超声释放的碘。     

微波法提取苦瓜叶中总黄酮

介绍了以苦瓜叶为原料用微波法提取总黄酮，通过正交试验对该方法进行了最佳条件的探讨．实验结果表明：以50％乙醇水溶液作提取溶剂，固液比1：35，微波照射2．5min，浸提时间45min，提取温度80℃，苦瓜叶中总黄酮提取率最高．     

月见草花黄色素提取工艺研究

对月见草花黄色素的提取条件进行了系统的研究，比较了无水乙醇、95％乙醇、乙醚、丙酮、乙酸乙酯、石油醚提取月见草花黄色素的效果.结果显示：以95％乙醇为最佳溶剂，95％乙醇提取液的λmax为394 nm.单因素试验和正交试验表明，温度对提取月见草花黄色素的影响较大，而浸提时间和料液比影响较小.提取的最佳工艺条件是：以体积分数95％的乙醇为浸提剂，按每0.2 g月见草花粉末加浸提剂30 mL的比例投料，在温度60 ℃下，浸提时间为4 h.月     

金银木叶中黄酮类化合物的定性分析

研究了浸提温度、时间、乙醇浓度、料液比等因素对金银木叶中黄酮类化合物提取效果的影响,确定了最佳单因素水平。正交实验确定了以乙醇为浸提剂的最佳提取工艺条件为:体积分数为0.60的乙醇,料液比1∶30,70℃,浸提4h。金银木叶中富含黄酮类化合物,颜色反应试验和紫外光谱分析初步表明,其主要成分为黄酮类和黄酮醇类。     

桂花色素提取工艺的优化研究

以桂花为原料,进行色素提取工艺的优化研究。对浸提剂、乙醇浓度、料液比、萃取时间及萃取温度这5个因素进行单因素和正交试验。结果表明,乙醇为最佳浸提剂,最大吸收波峰为330nm。桂花色素的最佳提取工艺条件为：85％的乙醇、料液比1：15、萃取时间80min、萃取温度80℃;在此工艺条件下,测得桂花色素的吸光度值为1．424。     

苦瓜总皂苷提取条件优化及不同部位的含量分析

文章采用乙醇提取苦瓜冻干粉中的总皂苷,选定乙醇质量分数、时间、料液比和温度作为单因素考察,将苦瓜总皂苷提取率作为考察指标。通过三因素三水平的正交实验,确定苦瓜总皂苷的最佳提取条件。实验结果表明,提取工艺条件为乙醇质量分数60%,料液比1∶7,提取时间3h,此时皂苷粗制品的得率为2.37%。在此基础上,对苦瓜果肉和苦瓜瓤分别进行分析,结果表明苦瓜果实的不同部分含有的总皂苷得率差异显著(P0.05)。     

刺五加中刺五加皂甙提取条件的优化

刺五加为五加科植物，其所含刺五加皂甙有极强的药理作用。根据刺五加皂甙的理化性质，采用分光光度法在不同提取剂、不同料液比、不同温度、不同时间下对刺五加提取液中皂甙含量进行测定，最后确定刺五加皂甙提取的最佳条件为：以75％乙醇为提取剂，料液比为1：6，温度为80℃，提取6h。     

响应面分析在提取柞蚕中β-蜕皮激素的应用

通过单因素试验，应用响应面分析法研究了温度、乙醇体积分数、料液比和时间对柞蚕中β-蜕皮激素提取的影响，探讨以乙醇为溶剂提取柞蚕（幼虫）中的β-蜕皮激素的最佳提取工艺条件。结果表明：最佳工艺条件为乙醇溶液40％、料液比1：20、温度80℃，提取2．5h。接此工艺提取β-蜕皮激素，柞蚕中β-蜕皮激素的含量为0．0842％。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with     

Journal of Donghua University ( English Edition) Contents of Volume 31

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