The molten globule protein conformation probed by disulphide bonds

The molten globule is a compact protein conformation that has a secondary structure content like that of the native protein, but poorly defined tertiary structure. It is a stable state for a few proteins under particular conditions and could be a ubiquitous kinetic intermediate in protein folding. The extent to which native interactions, above the level of the secondary structure, are preserved in this conformation is not so far known. Here we report that alpha-lactalbumin can adopt a molten globule conformation when one of its four disulphide bonds is reduced. In this state, the three other disulphide bonds rearrange spontaneously, at the same rate as when the protein is fully unfolded, to a number of different disulphide bond isomers that tend to maintain the molten globule conformation. That the molten globule state is compatible with a variety of disulphide bond pairings suggests that it is unlikely to be stabilized by many specific tertiary interactions.     

关于煤矿电网继电保护的进展及适应性探讨

我国煤矿电网继电保护经历电磁式继电保护、晶体管式继电保护,数字式继电保护和微机保护的技术发展过程。本文概述根据我国煤矿电网的发展过程,煤矿井下环境对继电保护的影响及其影响井下环境的主要因素．     

The optimal power distribution in cooperative communication relay system

In order to optimize power utilization of relay nodes in cooperative communication,a power allocation algorithm with objective function to maximize system capacity is proposed.Based on the convex optimization theory,an ellipsoid algorithm is used to solve this problem,which could simplify the subgradient choosing steps and improve convergence stability,so that an optimized power allocation algorithm is presented.Theoretical analysis and simulation results show that the algorithm can effectively distribute the power of each node with lower complexity,and ensure the transmission capability of relay nodes in cooperative communication.     

增量选择解码前传中继系统的二阶统计特性

针对解码中继系统由中继译码错误产生的系统性能降低以及频谱利用率低的问题,提出选择中继和增量中继相结合的增量选择解码前传(Incremental selection decode-and-forward,ISDF)中继系统,并且研究ISDF系统的中断性能,分析系统的二阶统计特性(平均电平通过率和平均中断时间)。在Nakagami-m衰落信道下,给出ISDF中继系统的中断概率、平均电平通过率和平均中断时间的闭合表达式。将ISDF系统与选择解码中继系统进行比较。研究结果表明:ISDF系统明显地提高了系统的性能,降低了中断概率;当切换门限和中断门限相等时,中断性能最优;ISDF系统的平均电平通过率和平均中断时间依赖于切换门限与中断门限的选择;ISDF系统性能受到源到中继链路和中继到目的地链路中较差的链路所限制。     

Substantial increase of protein stability by multiple disulphide bonds

Disulphide bonds can significantly stabilize the native structures of proteins. The effect is presumed to be due mainly to a decrease in the configurational chain entropy of the unfolded polypeptide. In phage T4 lysozyme, a disulphide-free enzyme, engineered disulphide mutants that crosslink residues 3-97, 9-164 and 21-142 are significantly more stable than the wild-type protein. To investigate the effect of multiple-disulphide bonds on protein stability, mutants were constructed in which two or three stabilizing disulphide bridges were combined in the same protein. Reversible thermal denaturation shows that the increase in melting temperature resulting from the individual disulphide bonds is approximately additive. The triple-disulphide variant unfolds at a temperature 23.4 degrees C higher than wild-type lysozyme. The results demonstrate that a combination of disulphide bonds, each of which contributes to stability, can achieve substantial overall improvement in the stability of a protein.     

对等覆盖网中继结点发现策略的研究

利用覆盖网内结点的多样性和差异性提供的强大中继能力,改善延迟敏感类型应用的延迟保障.提出了3种可行算法:改进的随机探测算法、时延树查找算法、自治域敏感的发现算法.实现了中继结点挑选的仿真系统,模拟搭建了网络层并在其上构建对等覆盖网,测试了3种算法的性能.分析了发现命中率、平均的启动时延、发现路径条数、最佳路由发现比率等几项指标,指出自治域敏感的中继发现策略是具有较强实用性的中继发现策略.     

基于磁保持继电器的智能无弧交流接触器

采用OrCAD/PSpice仿真软件对交流接触器在闭合与分断主电路时的三相电压、电流波形进行详细分析研究,提出了智能无弧交流接触器全新的控制方法.以磁保持继电器为基础,设计了一款性价比高、使用简便、性能指标优良的智能无弧交流接触器.该接触器采用3台磁保持继电器作为交流接触器的本体,实现三相电路的灵活控制.在主电路中并联3个单向可控硅,完成接触器在起动与分断过程中的无弧控制,提高了接触器的各项性能指标.     

Outage analysis of opportunistic relay and beamforming in DF relay networks over Nakagami-m fading channels

<正> In this paper,the outage performance of opportunistic relay ( OR) and equal gain transmissionbeamforming(EGT-BF) are studied in decode-and-forward (DF) relay networks over Nakagami-m fadingchannels,assuming multiple relays are available in the networks.We derive the moment generation function(MGF) of the received signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) at the destination,then obtain the exact closedformsolution of OR and the approximate closed form expression of EGT-BF in terms of outage probabilityrespectively through numerical inversion of Laplace transform.Simulation results are given to verify thecorrectness of theoretical analysis.We also compare the outage performance of OR and EGT-BF with othertransmission strategies and find that when decoding results of relays are available at the destination,OR achieves high performance and is the optimal scheme to achieve the tradeoff between performance andoverheads.When relay decoding information is unachievable,the performance of OR degrades significantly,and the EGT-BF is a more preferred scheme.