樱桃园凹唇壁蜂释放及授粉效果的研究

对凹唇壁蜂的人工释放技术和授粉效果进行了研究。结果表明，在樱桃花开前１周左右释放冷藏的蜂茧，并采取人为措施，使得壁蜂破茧高峰与初盛花期尽量吻合。巢箱四周开阔，背风向阳，质量好的巢管营巢率高；距主巢箱越近，封管数量越多。壁蜂授粉座果率与人工授粉差异不显著，而极显著高于自然授粉。壁蜂对同一株树的不同方位访花无选择性。     

影响凹唇壁蜂(Osmia heuclei Cockerell)增殖因素的探讨

对影响凹唇壁蜂增殖因素的研究结果表明，天气状况是影响壁蜂增殖的决定因素。壁蜂的雌雄比例、放蜂果园的小气候条件也是影响壁蜂增殖的因素。其他如巢管质地、颜色、内径对壁蜂增殖也有影响。     

凹唇壁蜂生物学特性及对杏树座果的影响

凹唇壁蜂生物学特性及对杏树座果的影响杨连方，刘新生，赵春明（河北农业技术师范学院园艺系，昌黎，０６６６００）ＢＩＯＬＯＧＩＣＡＬＣＨＡＲＡＣＴＥＲＳＯＦＯｓｍｉａｅｘｃａｖａｔａＡｔｉｋＡＮＤＩＮＦＬＵＥＮＣＥＯＮＦＲＵＩＴＳＥＴＴＩＮＧＯＦＡＰＲＩ...     

栗瘿蜂与中华长尾小蜂的消长规律

栗瘿蜂在一定区域内呈周期性发生，十年左右暴发一次，大发生持续2－3年，可自然“消退”。影响栗瘿蜂发生的主导因素是寄生性天敌，中华长层小蜂是最主要的天敌种群，两者相辅相承、相互制约。它们之比称益害比，益害比低时，栗瘿蜂虫口直线上升，直至大发生；益害比1：5左右时，可抑制栗瘿蜂大发生，仍造成一定的为害；益害比在1：5以上时，可控制栗瘿蜂的发生。益害比可作为栗瘿蜂发生预测指标。     

应用松墨天牛繁育管氏肿腿峰技术的研究

人工繁育管氏肿腿蜂的温度范围为25—30℃，相对湿度范围为60％-80％。管氏肿腿蜂的发育速度与温度呈正比。在28℃、相对湿度70％、虫蜂比1：3的条件下，管氏肿腿蜂的发育历期较短，为24d，且子代蜂发育较好，寄生成功率达70％，单管最高出蜂量为143只，平均单管出蜂量为84．4只，平均每雌产蜂量（产卵量）为28．1只，雌雄比例为16：1。     

棉铃虫多胚跳小蜂的初步研究

棉铃虫多胚跳小蜂ＬｉｔｏｍａｓｔｉｘｈｅｌｔｏｔｈｉｓＬｉａｏ．属跳小蜂科（Ｅｎｃｙｒｔｉｄａｅ），多胚跳小蜂属（Ｌｉｔｏｍａｓｔｉｘ）。该蜂是第一代棉铃虫的重要寄生性天敌。作者对该蜂的形态、寄生状况及生物学特性等作了详细的观察和描述。此蜂一年一代，行多胚生殖，每头棉铃虫僵虫内蜂的性别是基本相同的，该蜂整个种群的性比约为１　：１．７。     

飞蛾的痛苦经历

生物学家说，飞蛾在由蛹变茧时，翅膀萎缩．十分柔软；在破茧而出时，必须要经过一番痛苦的挣扎，身体中的体液才能流到翅膀上去，翅膀才能充实有力，才能支持它在空中飞翔。     

栗瘿蜂与中华长尾小蜂的消长规律

栗瘿蜂在定区域内呈周期性发生，十年左右暴发一次，大发生持续２～３年，可自然“消退”。影响栗瘿蜂发生的计导因素是奇生性天敌，中华长尾小蜂是最主要的天故种群，两者相辅助相承、相互制约。它们之比称益害比，益害比低时，栗瘿蜂虫直线上升，址对大发生；益害比１ⅱ：５左右时，可抑制栗瘿蜂大发生，仍造成一定的为害；益害比在１：５以上时，可控制栗瘿蜂的发生。益害比可作为栗瘿蜂发生预测指标。     

带壁分红策略下对偶模型的破产概率

研究了对偶模型在带壁分红策略下的破产问题,给出了相应的期望折现罚金函数所满足的积分方程与积分微分方程;当收益额服从指数分布时,得到了破产概率的显示解.     

甘肃鸟类新记录

1990年在张掖采到甘肃鸟类一新记录,报导如下: 蜂鹰Pernis ptilorhynchus orientalis Taczanowski 1(?).张掖;1990.X. 衡量度(重量:g;长度:mm): 体重700,全长630,嘴蜂24,翅长415,尾长262,跗踱60。形态:雄成鸟(冬羽)额乳白,头顶栗褐,羽轴较深呈黑褐色,白色的羽基明显外露;眼先、眼周被有短而圆呈烟灰褐色的鳞状羽;颊部、髭纹黑色,且贯眼至眼后而变淡;后颈、颈     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the