钛合金/镍/不锈钢网的扩散连接技术

研究了以Ni为中间过渡层时，钛合金与不锈钢网的扩散连接技术，分析了影响扩散连接的主要因素和接头微观组织，确定了最佳工艺参数，并获得了剪切强度达146MPa的无变形接头。     

表面纳米化0Cr18Ni9Ti/TA17加镍中间层扩散连接

采用高能喷丸(HESP)对TA17钛合金与0Cr18Ni9Ti不锈钢棒材端面表面进行自纳米化(SSNC)处理;采用镍箔作为中间层,在不同温度(800～875℃)下对处理后的钛合金／不锈钢进行脉冲加压扩散连接(PPDB).对接头剖面组织进行金相观察;在拉伸试验机上测试接头拉伸强度,对断面进行SEM,EDS和XRD结构物相分析.研究结果表明:在850℃时接头拉伸强度达到最高,为322.8 MPa;连接后接头界面处纳米晶粒没有完全长大,存在细晶粒区;镍箔有效地阻止了Fe-Ti脆性金属间化合物的形成,在接头处形成β-Ti,(Fe,Ni)固溶体和Ti-Ni金属间化合物(Ti2Ni,TiNi,TiNi3);断裂发生在Ni层与Ti-Ni金属间化合物界面处.     

Cu-Mn化学镀层对Q235的扩散焊接强度的影响

采用化学镀工艺，在Q235基材上制备出2-4μm的Cu-Mn合金化学镀层．在650℃-870℃温度范围内对化学镀层进行了真空扩散焊接试验．利用金相和扫描电镜对接头进行了微观组织和能谱分析。并用拉伸试验评价了接头的连接强度．研究结果表明，在相同工艺参数条件下，镀有Cu-Mn化学镀层的试件其剪切强度比无镀层试件提高1倍以上；高温扩散焊接时接头的连接强度提高，但基体组织比低温扩散焊接时显著粗化．图3。表2。参7．     

扩散连接Al／Ni／0Crl8Ni9Ti复合材料的界面组织

选取纯Ni箔作过渡层，采用真空热压扩散工艺，在加热温度480℃、压力10MPa、真空度1．0×10^-21Pa的工艺条件下，制备了变形铝合金2024和不锈钢0Crl8 Ni9Ti双金属复合材料．利用扫描电子显微镜、能谱仪、X射线衍射仪和显微硬度仪等测试分析方法，对双金属复合材料的2个连接界面及基体进行了组织、性能分析．结果表明：不锈钢／纯Ni界面形成了宽约8μm的互扩散区，但其过渡区无金属间化合物生成；Al／Ni界面生成了宽约4μm的扩散过渡区，过渡区的相组成为金属间化合物Al3Ni2、Al3Ni及Al3Ni5．     

钛合金与不锈钢真空扩散焊接的研究

对铁合金TC4与不锈钢ICrl8Ni9Ti异种金属扩散焊接头的结合性能进行了试验研究，利用光学显微镜、扫描电镜、电子探针仪等对接头进行了微观分析．结果表明：TC4/1Cr19Ni9Ti直接扩散焊时，由于母村组元的相互扩散和迁移，在交界面附近形成了金属间化合物层，而导致接头脆断．采用钒十铜作中间过渡金属，则有效地防止了Ti与Fe、Cr、Ni的相互扩散和迁移，保证了钛合金TC4与不锈钢1Cr18Ni9Ti的良好连接．接头的强度与软质中间层铜的厚度有关，最高强度可接近母材不锈钢的下限．     

Al-不锈钢连接中的Ni层阻碍机理

用试验的方法研究了Al-不锈钢Ni/Cu电刷镀过渡层钎焊中Ni层的作用，并对Ni层进行了机理分析。对焊缝的界面作拉力试验、X射线衍射、 能谱分析（EDAX）和透射电镜（TEM）等分析发现，镀层与钎料等各 面连接紧密，特别是钎缝与母材之间没有生成脆性的金属化合物。说明面心立方结构的Ni层能有效地阻挡Al、Fe等原子扩散，钎缝与镀Cu界面上虽然生成了少量的AlCu3，但不影响焊缝的强度，接头的强度能达到33．6MPa。     

Ni喷涂层对钛?钢电阻钎焊接头力学性能的影响

钛合金与不锈钢的可靠连接是钛合金与不锈钢实现连接的一个基础性问题,采用热喷涂在不锈钢表面预制Ni涂层,研究Ni涂层作为过渡层,Ag45CuZn为钎料时,钛合金与不锈钢搭接电阻钎焊的实现过程,探讨Ni涂层对接头组织和力学性能的影响.接头力学性能测试表明:Ni涂层的介入使接头剪切强度显著提高,最高可达约243MPa.接头断口形貌及组织的SEM、EDS和XRD等分析表明,Ni涂层中Ni元素不但参与了钎料的冶金反应,而且作为物理层改变了母材中Fe、Ti等原子向对侧扩散,从而获得多种Ni基化合物混合的接头组织,这是钛/钢异质钎焊接头力学性能得到明显提高的主要原因.     

紫铜与不锈钢焊接接头的力学性能

许多工程结构当中，经常出现大量异种材料的焊接情形，材料的力学性能对结构有重要影响。应用不同的焊接工艺对紫铜(T2)和奥氏体不锈钢(1Cr18Ni9Ti)进行焊接，并对焊接接头的力学性能进行研究。结果表明，采用过渡层方法接头的力学性能较好，而采用T107焊条，其接头的塑性、韧性比采用过渡层时低。     

铝与奥氏体不锈钢的火焰钎焊

为改善铝和不锈钢的焊接接头性能,在奥氏体不锈铜（1Crl8Ni9Ti）的表层热浸镀一层ZL102铝合金,然后采用搭接的形式,应用火焰钎焊工艺进行纯铝（1060）板与奥氏体不锈钢板的焊接。利用金相显微镜和扫描电镜分析焊接接头的微观组织,并用显微维氏硬度仪和万能实验机床测定其显微硬度和拉伸性能。结果表明,通过不锈钢表面热浸镀铝,可实现铝与奥氏体不锈钢的火焰钎焊。在不锈钢／纯铝钎焊焊缝中存在不锈钢／热浸镀铝层、热浸镀铝层／钎缝、钎缝／纯铝三个界面。钎焊接头强度取决于各界面的连接质量。热浸镀铝层／钎缝界面是整个接头中最薄弱的界面,剪切断裂均发生在该区域。钎焊接头各区域中,热浸镀铝区硬度最高,达到99．4MPa。     

扩散连接Al/Ni/0Cr18Ni9Ti复合材料的界面组织

选取纯Ni箔作过渡层,采用真空热压扩散工艺,在加热温度480℃、压力10 MPa、真空度1.0×10-2Pa的工艺条件下,制备了变形铝合金2024和不锈钢0Cr18Ni9Ti双金属复合材料.利用扫描电子显微镜、能谱仪、X射线衍射仪和显微硬度仪等测试分析方法,对双金属复合材料的2个连接界面及基体进行了组织、性能分析.结果表明:不锈钢/纯Ni界面形成了宽约8μm的互扩散区,但其过渡区无金属间化合物生成;Al/Ni界面生成了宽约4μm的扩散过渡区,过渡区的相组成为金属间化合物Al3Ni2、Al3Ni及Al3Ni5.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-