量子遗传优化粒子滤波的WSN目标跟踪算法

在无线传感器网络(WSN)目标跟踪应用中,传统粒子滤波算法存在多样性退化问题。为提高WSN目标跟踪精度,提出一种基于量子遗传算法优化粒子滤波的WSN目标跟踪方法。量子遗传算法不仅增加粒子多样性,防止粒子退化现象出现,有效缩短了计算时间且改善粒子跟踪能力。测试结果表明,所提出算法很好地减轻了粒子退化对目标跟踪精度影响,提高了WSN目标跟踪精度和跟踪的实时性,跟踪结果令人满意。     

一种强背景噪声下的WSN目标定位算法

为了进一步提高无线传感器网络(WSN)目标定位解算精度,提出了一种改进的Cubature粒子滤波(ICPF)定位算法.该算法运用最小二乘法估计移动目标当前初始时刻的位置,使用Cubature卡尔曼滤波和Gauss-Newton迭代法来充分利用测量更新后的状态最新信息,精确设计目标状态重要性密度函数,为粒子滤波提供相应的建议分布,从而能够更加有效改善粒子滤波器的性能.仿真实验结果证明,提出的改进算法在强背景噪声下能有效提高定位精度且收敛性增强,其性能优于标准粒子滤波(PF)、扩展粒子滤波(EPF)及Unscented粒子滤波定位算法(UPF).      

错误测量下节点选择策略对跟踪精度的影响

为了实现一定比例错误测量下的目标跟踪,构造了节点与目标的简化模型;在粒子滤波基础上,采用贝叶斯估计获得先验概率;利用前一时刻的位置、速度估计和估计因子,得到每一个在探测范围内的节点到目标的最远和最近距离;再结合节点本身的测量值计算每一粒子相应的权值,然后加权得到范围内节点测量值的可靠性集合,从该集合中选择可靠的测量值作为跟踪估计依据.根据不同的权值计算方法,分为节点关联选择策略和二进制节点选择策略.仿真结果表明：在目标运动速度〈3m/s和错误测量概率〉0.1的情况下,采用节点关联选择策略的RBMCDA算法的跟踪精度优于单纯选择3个较大RSSI值的RBMCDA算法至少1倍.     

无线传感器网络中基于粒子滤波的目标跟踪算法研究

近几十年来,随着传感器、无线通信、信息处理、计算机等相关技术的不断发展和创新,基于无线传感器网络的应用越来越广泛,对无线传感器网络中的目标跟踪算法进行研究也具有极大的现实意义。在研究滤波算法的基础上,针对粒子滤波算法中的粒子退化问题,考虑无迹粒子滤波中的重要性函数充分利用了当前观测值但是运行时间长的问题,提出一种在有效粒子数满足一定条件下进行无迹变换的方法,将先验分布和通过无迹卡尔曼方法得到的重要性函数相结合作为新的提议分布以减缓粒子的退化。对于粒子滤波中的样本贫化问题,提出一种改进的分类重采样方法,当粒子的多样性不足时,在大权值粒子上加一个以噪声方差控制的扰动并给予小权值粒子一定的被选概率,以此增加粒子的多样性,并以C++为仿真工具对所提方法进行了试验。结果表明,改进的粒子滤波算法在估计精度上优于标准粒子滤波和无迹粒子滤波,而且运行时间比无迹粒子滤波减小一半多。     

基于Mean-Shift算法的粒子滤波器在目标跟踪中的应用

粒子滤波在无线通信、目标跟踪等非线性、非高斯系统中具有广阔的发展前景,但计算量大、实时性差成为了其在实际中应用的瓶颈。降低粒子滤波算法的复杂度,提高运算速度,设计一种运算速度快、性能可靠、占用硬件资源少的粒子滤波算法器将具有重要的理论和现实意义。本文研究了一种基于Mean-Shift算法的粒子滤波器,这种多目标图象中的指定目标跟踪滤波器具有很好的跟踪效果。     

基于改进粒子滤波算法的比较分析研究

提出一类改进的粒子滤波算法.对于建议分布的选取方案,此算法采取强跟踪分散的卡尔曼滤波方式建立它的建议分布.由于线性调节参数,此算法让系统拥有更优越的自适应性及鲁棒性,对高机动目标具有更强的跟踪效果,继而为强跟踪扩展卡尔曼滤波的能力.仿真结论说明,此算法的性能比别的几类非线性滤波算法更加优秀.比如辅助粒子滤波器(APF)、迭代扩展卡尔曼粒子滤波器(IEKF-PF)、Unscented粒子滤波器(UPF)、正则化粒子滤波器(RPF),则是在bootstrap粒子滤波器提出之后,继而出现的改进的粒子滤波器0基于粒子滤波,本文提出了阻止粒子退化的两个重点原因,以及选取合适的采样建议分布及重采样算法.     

基于Mean-Shift和粒子滤波的两步多目标跟踪方法

针对Mean-Shift跟踪算法容易跟踪丢失以及粒子滤波跟踪算法计算量大等问题,提出了一种两步多目标跟踪算法.利用Mean-Shift进行第一步跟踪得到候选目标,在跟踪不准的情况下再利用粒子滤波进行后续的跟踪结果修正.实验结果表明两步跟踪算法既能保持Mean-Shift跟踪的实时性,也能维持粒子滤波跟踪算法的鲁棒性,有很高的实用性.     

一种适用于建筑灾难救援系统的目标跟踪方法

在目标跟踪研究中,大量的实验证明粒子滤波算法对于运动轨迹变化复杂的运动目标跟踪效果不理想.基于变率粒子滤波算法(VRPF),以大型建筑灾难救援系统为研究背景,应用无线传感器网络技术,提出了一种自适应变率粒子滤波算法(AVRPF).该算法通过比较某时刻粒子值与测量值的关系自适应地调节采样周期,以提高对复杂运动目标的跟踪精度,尤其当运动轨迹出现大幅度变化时.仿真实验证明了该算法的有效性和实用性.     

两阶段混合粒子滤波的目标跟踪

基于粒子滤波的目标跟踪,跟踪的成功率和精度与目标运动速度和算法的粒子数密切相关.较大的粒子数能够跟踪速度更快的目标,同时提高跟踪的精度,但会降低算法的实时性.为了解决这个问题,提出一种两阶段混合粒子滤波算法,在第一阶段中,利用少量粒子基于距离角度模型对目标的位置进行粗略估计.在第二阶段中,利用均值偏移算法对目标位置进行精确估计,同时利用粒子滤波对均值偏移的窗口进行自适应调整.实验表明,提出的两阶段混合粒子滤波算法,不仅能够实时地跟踪尺寸变化的目标,而且能够跟踪运动速度快的目标.     

基于Mean-shift的粒子滤波算法在遮挡目标跟踪中的应用

针对Mean-shift及粒子滤波对遮挡问题的处理,结合二者的优势做出有效改进。一般情况下利用改进的均值漂移算法跟踪目标,在目标发生严重遮挡情况下,给出一个遮挡因子,采用改进的粒子滤波算法跟踪目标。算法能够对发生遮挡后的目标进行持续、稳健的跟踪,提高算法在遮挡情况下目标跟踪的鲁棒性。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Jane Eyre——A Feminist In The 19th Century

In the 19th century the society was controlled by men, and women were just appendants of them, they had not any rights and freedom. But Jane was an exception, she showed some characteristics of early feminist. Jane showed her characteristics of feminism in three aspects: rebellion, equality, and independence. These characteristics were helpful to her success, and feminism is the only way out for women of that time.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-