煤巷锚带网及工字钢加强支护技术研究与运用

煤柱高应力区及复合顶板、天然焦火成岩顶板巷道,采用锚网梁支护可以增大巷道使用断面,并且采用主动力,增加巷道围岩强度,减少巷道变形量,减少巷道修护工程量。但是锚网梁支护的效果隐避性大,当巷道围岩塑性圈超出锚杆锚固区（或锚固区附近存在节理面）时,锚网梁的支护效果显著降低,巷道极易发生大面积冒顶事故。采用锚网梁支护配合架连锁棚复合支护,可有效控制巷道围岩变形,预防锚网支护巷道发生大面积冒顶事故,减少巷道修护量,提高锚网梁支护巷道的安全性,提高掘进单进水平。为安全施工可借鉴推广。     

特厚煤层回采巷道顶板变形特征及控制技术

为了解决特厚煤层回采巷道顶板变形严重、支护困难等问题,通过现场观测和理论分析得出特厚煤层回采巷道变形因素及其特征,并利用FLAC3D数值模拟软件分析了在原支护和高强恒阻让压锚网索联合支护2种护巷方式下巷道围岩变形情况.研究结果表明:含软弱夹层的特厚煤层回采巷道自稳时间短,变形速度快,顶板破碎严重,塑性区破坏范围较大,巷道顶板整体变形明显;高强恒阻让压锚网索支护系统能够适应围岩高应力的特点,遏制顶板过度变形破坏,满足该地质条件下巷道顶板大变形的趋势.工程实践表明,高强恒阻让压锚网索支护时巷道顶板最大下沉量为206 mm,并且现场未出现锚杆(索)破断失效的情况,支护结构能够满足巷道顶板变形特征,保障综放工作面的安全高效生产.研究结果可为类似条件下的巷道顶板控制提供参考.     

加厚型扭矩螺母在煤巷全锚杆巷道的推广使用

介绍并分析了加厚型扭矩螺母在煤巷复合顶板、破碎顶板下的适应性和使用情况，结果表明：加厚型扭矩螺母在全锚杆巷道支护中的使用，成功地解决了全锚巷道锚杆安装工序繁琐的难题，锚杆支护实现了注锚一体化，有效地提高了掘进单进水平，为矿井的高产高效创造了有利条件。     

复杂条件煤巷掘进顶板控制数值模拟及应用

为了解决刘庄煤矿大断面煤巷复合破碎顶板稳定性难于控制,制约快速掘进,影响安全施工和巷道维护这一重大工程问题,运用FLAC3D数值模拟分析,对巷道断面和支护进行优化设计,提出人造拱形断面及滞后迎头一段距离的弱化支护技术,实现了最高月掘进1 510m的好成绩,为煤巷快速掘进顶板控制提供了保障。     

极松散煤层复合支护技术研究

针对巷道所处煤层松软、埋深大、蠕变变形难以控制的问题,以芦岭煤矿为研究背景,在分析芦岭煤矿巷道原支护变形大的基础上,提出"平顶棚+梁锚注+网布"的复合支护技术.运用ABAQUS软件对新支护形式蠕变前后的应力及位移分布情况进行仿真模拟,给出了巷道顶中、底中和帮部中点的蠕变位移曲线,并与现场监测数据进行了对比分析.结果表明:采用"平顶棚+梁锚注+网布"巷道围岩支护方案,能有效控制围岩的蠕变变形,巷道顶板最大蠕变量仅为4mm,两帮移近量为60mm,底臌蠕变量为174mm,巷道总变形量减小,现场监测结果与数值模拟结果十分吻合且在巷道开挖13 d后变形趋于稳定,满足安全生产的要求,为极松散煤层巷道围岩的加固及支护提供借鉴.     

锚注支护技术在北山矿中部车场支护中的应用

分析龙岩市北山矿+410水平大巷中部车场受复杂地质构造影响,引起巷道两侧墙体及顶拱开裂,巷道变形破坏严重难以支护的原因;采用锚注支护方案较好解决了破碎围岩巷道支护的难题,为煤矿类似巷道围岩控制提供了适宜的方法和途径,具有一定推广应用价值。     

深部大倾角大断面软岩巷道快速掘进

复杂破碎围岩状态下大断面巷道开挖后,巷道围岩出现应力集中。受开采扰动的影响,岩体强度大大降低,围岩呈现不稳定变形破坏,如冒顶、片帮等,给煤矿安全生产带来极大威胁,深部大倾角大断面软岩巷道快速炮掘支护技术,解决了深部巷道过破碎带一些技术难题,实现了深部巷道安全优质高效掘进,合理科学的施工技术方案的实施,使巷道施工单进、工效提高到一个新水平,巷道掘进速度比原来提高了一倍,解决了矿井持续性生产的现实问题。     

深井穿断层回采巷道围岩变形机理与 稳定控制对策

以海石湾矿穿断层的回采巷道围岩控制为工程背景,综合运用理论计算、数值计算和现场监测的方法研究深井穿断层回采巷道围岩控制技术与对策.不同埋深条件下数值计算结果表明:深井穿断层回采巷道顶板下沉量明显大于底鼓量,近断层巷帮变形量明显大于远断层巷帮变形,巷道变形呈现明显的非对称性特点;巷道埋深增加,浅部围岩承载能力迅速减小,尤其是近断层侧;无论掘进时期还是回采时期,深井巷道围岩破碎区和塑性区范围较浅埋深巷道增大.针对性地提出了围岩稳定控制技术方案,即"工字钢架棚支护+围岩滞后注浆加固技术+锚杆二次支护"分步联合支护的围岩稳定控制技术.巷道支护效果分析表明:围岩整体稳定已基本得到控制.     

深部侏罗纪软岩巷道支护对策

为研究软岩巷道的支护技术,确保巷道稳定和正常使用,采用X射线衍射荧光光谱仪对三水平回风石门围岩进行了岩性组分分析,应用钻孔探测方法测出了围岩松动圈范围和裂隙分布区域.针对围岩岩性、松动圈范围和巷道所处的应力环境等因素,支护形式确定为初次柔性支护即锚网喷支护与预应力锚索支护,二次支护用高强度支护即锚索与全断面锚注加固组成的复合支护结构.工程实践结果表明:支护1个月后,顶底板及两帮移近量在30~35 mm范围内;累计观测75 d后,顶底板和两帮移近量均控制在45 mm以内,围岩变形量较小,保证了巷道的稳定和正常使用.     

极破碎顶板条件下的巷道支护技术研究与实践

对于极其破碎顶板巷道,在锚网支护等主动支护方式无法有效使用的条件下,通过超前顶板化学浆加固,将顶板碎块粘结成一个整体,然后穿锚杆等方法控制空顶区顶板冒落,再用U型钢可缩性支架及工字钢架棚支护巷道,从而实现极其破碎顶板条件下的巷道安全掘进。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the