改进的方位各向异性地震反演裂缝预测技术及应用

在有限(窄)方位各向异性叠前地震反演裂缝预测技术中,如何克服噪音对反演结果的影响,一直是地震反演预测裂缝中的难题。通过对Rüger公式的近似、简化与改进,有效分离地震数据中的有效信号和噪音的效果。在地震反演中,结合成像测井解释裂缝成果,选定最合理的压噪因子参与反演计算。采用该计算方法预测裂缝密度与方位分布,不仅与成像测井吻合率较高,而且为井间裂缝预测提供了可靠的依据。在塔里木盆地YB1井区奥陶系鹰山组碳酸盐岩裂缝储层预测中应用效果较好,成功预测出该区裂缝主要在断层附近较发育,在构造隆起的东北部,裂缝发育程度较高,是该区油气进一步勘探开发的有利区域。     

断层附近裂缝发育特征及成因机制研究---以秦皇岛鸡冠山为例

以秦皇岛鸡冠山断层露头附近的裂缝作为研究对象,通过露头观察和成岩矿物分析,研究了断层附近裂缝的发育形态特征,并结合区域地质构造背景探讨了裂缝的成因机制。研究发现：鸡冠山露头逆断层上盘的裂缝密度明显大于下盘,在同一水平方向上,裂缝条数随着与断层破碎带距离的增加而减小,裂缝长度随着与断层的距离出现先增加后减小趋势;裂缝类型以构造缝为主,其成因主要受构造主应力控制,靠近断层以发育共轭剪节理缝为主,随着与断层距离增大,主要发育单一近直立方向的高角度缝。建议把花岗岩储层中上部作为主要油气探勘对象。     

逆断层伴生裂缝发育特征及成因分析——以秦皇岛鸡冠山为例

以秦皇岛鸡冠山断层露头附近的裂缝作为研究对象,通过露头观察和成岩矿物分析,研究了断层附近裂缝的发育形态特征,并结合区域地质构造背景探讨了裂缝的成因机制。研究发现:鸡冠山露头逆断层上盘的裂缝密度明显大于下盘,在同一水平方向上,裂缝条数随着与断层破碎带距离的增加而减小,裂缝长度随着与断层的距离出现先增加后减小趋势;裂缝类型以构造缝为主,其成因主要受构造主应力控制,靠近断层以发育共轭剪节理缝为主,随着与断层距离增大,主要发育单一近直立方向的高角度缝。建议把花岗岩储层中上部作为主要油气探勘对象。     

古构造应力场反演在储层裂缝预测中的应用——以埕北30潜山油藏为例

在大部分古潜山油气藏中,由于储层特有的岩性、特性特征,裂缝发育带即为油气富集带精确地估测裂缝发育带对于勘探找油及开发井网部署具有重要的指导意义。预测裂缝的手段较多,其中以边界元方法为基础的古构造应力场反演方法得到了越来越多的应用。埕北30古潜山是太古界片麻岩储层,裂缝是主要的渗滤通道和储集空间,本文对它进行了边界元方法预测,预测结果应用于井位部署,经矿场试油验证,精度很高。     

基于全方位地震成像与叠前反演裂缝预测技术及应用

利用宽方位地震反演预测裂缝储层,传统方法是采用分扇区或分方位进行地震数据处理,但其无法得到地下真实角度域信息,精度和分辨率较低。应用全方位角度域分解与成像,将地震成像转移到地下,得到共倾角道集和共反射角道集。将共倾角道集,进行镜像成像和离散成像,不仅提高了地震资料的信噪比和成像精度,而且对断层、裂缝和溶洞等地质现象也能较清楚的识别。将共反射道集进行反演,通过计算截距、斜率和各向异性梯度等的参数,完成对裂缝密度和方向分布的预测,进而实现裂缝储层的识别和有利区预测。在塔里木盆地YB1井区碳酸盐岩裂缝储层的预测中,取得了较好的应用效果,成功预测出该区裂缝主要在构造高部位和断层附近发育。在构造隆起的东北部,裂缝和构造叠合关系好,是油气成藏的有利地区,也是该区油气进一步勘探开发的重点目标区。     

安次地区奥陶系潜山裂缝特征及油气地质意义

针对安次地区奥陶系潜山储层非均质性强、井间生产差异性大等问题，利用岩芯、薄片及测录井等资料，对研究区内裂缝类型、发育程度及有效性进行分析，认为工区内发育构造缝、溶蚀缝和成岩缝3类，其中，构造缝最为发育，以NE走向的高角度缝为主；岩性和断层控制裂缝的发育程度，厚度薄、岩性纯、靠近断层发育的白云岩储层裂缝最为发育；张开度和充填程度反映裂缝有效性，研究区裂缝发育，多数裂缝半填充未填充，裂缝有效性好。多口井钻探证实，裂缝具有重要的油气地质意义，它不仅可以改善储层物性条件，还提供油气运移优势通道，提高单井产能，同时，裂缝的形成时期和发育部位控制油气运聚成藏：新近纪以后形成的裂缝发育程度高、有效性好；油气藏内部的裂缝发育，有利于油气运聚，形成富油气聚集区。     

正断层伴生裂缝物理模拟实验研究

断层伴生裂缝是重要的油气运移通道和储集空间类型,实验室进行了正断层与其伴生裂缝形成的物理模拟实验。结果表明,伴生裂缝主要发育于断层面两侧,距离断层面越远,裂缝密度变小,其中上盘（主动盘）裂缝发育较下盘（被动盘）密集。裂缝的形成演化可以划分为3个阶段：①当断层断距较小时,在断层顶底部应力集中区产生微裂缝;②随着断距增大,沿断层面出现几组微裂缝,同时裂缝的发育范围向断层两侧扩展;当断距增大到一定程度时,剪切带中微裂缝扩展、连通形成大裂缝并发展成断层;③随着断距进一步增大,断层面上形成塑性涂抹,裂缝数量无明显增多。岩层厚度、断移速率、岩性变化、距断面距离等因素对裂缝发育均有一定的控制作用。     

曲率法在库车坳陷克深气田储层裂缝预测中的应用

针对克深气田储层厚度横向分布稳定、构造形态简单且断层发育较少的实际情况,利用曲率法对该气田的储层裂缝分布进行了预测,并将预测结果与数值模拟法的结果对比、结合,对克深气田的储层裂缝有利发育区及有利勘探方向进行了分析。结果表明,利用曲率法预测的裂缝分布趋势与数值模拟法结果基本一致,储层裂缝孔隙度值在构造高点及背斜长轴方向的转折端处出现高值,其中东部背斜高点处裂缝孔隙度最大,其次为西部背斜高点、中部小型背斜高点及东南缘单斜带。从气藏开发的角度指出西部背斜高点及东部背斜高点为最有利勘探方向,中部小型背斜高点为次有利勘探方向,东南缘单斜带所属的圈闭幅度低且面积较小,储量受到限制,勘探价值有限。     

川南地区南荔桐构造阳新统裂缝发育带预测

文章以川南地区南荔桐构造为例，阐述了阳新统储层的储集特征和构造特征，总结了该地区的裂缝及油气的分布规律，提出了一套以油气分布规律、地震异常、断层重复带、趋势和差值趋势面分析、判别分析、因子分析等多方法综合分析预测含气裂缝发育带的方法，首次提出采用拟测井资料的低速异常结合蒙特卡洛模拟方法预测天然气储量，并用动态分析法进行投资决策分析。     

牛35断块沙三中储层裂缝预测

分别应用古构造应力场模拟、剖面曲率、分形分维和应变模拟等方法,对牛庄油田牛35块沙三中储层裂缝进行预测,并允分考虑影响裂缝发育的众多因素,对预测结果进行相互验证.结果表明:古构造应力场模拟法适合于力学成因的构造缝预测,剖面曲率法适合于褶皱相关裂缝的预测,分形分维法适用于岩心资料丰富的地区,应变模拟法适合于单一岩性储层的构造缝预测;牛35断块沙三中储层裂缝主要分布于断层附近,裂缝主要延伸方向与断层走向一致.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with     

Journal of Donghua University ( English Edition) Contents of Volume 31

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