采用样条曲面非轴对称端壁成型的高压涡轮动叶气动优化

为了提升高负荷涡轮级的气动效率,发展了基于样条曲面的非轴对称端壁造型方法。以该参数化造型方法为基础,结合高效智能优化算法和经过校核的数值仿真方法,建立了涡轮非轴对称端壁设计优化平台,并以某小展弦比高压涡轮级为研究对象,以效率为优化目标,以流量为约束条件,在级环境和发动机工况下开展了非轴对称端壁优化设计。结果表明：优化设计后的涡轮动叶相对于参考设计,涡轮级的总总效率提升0.26%;非轴对称端壁造型改变了动叶下端壁附近的压力分布,动叶吸力面侧压力系数相对于参考设计显著提升,这降低了动叶叶片通道内的横向压力梯度,抑制了通道中的二次流动;非轴对称端壁造型改变了叶片通道中的涡系结构,相对于参考设计,非轴对称端壁造型使得马蹄涡压力面分支在叶片通道内部沿着叶片压力面迁移,在靠近通道出口的位置才汇入通道涡,这削弱了通道涡的强度,进而降低了气动损失,提高了涡轮级效率。     

小展弦比叶栅非轴对称端壁造型及气动性能的数值研究

提出了基于双控制型线的非轴对称端壁造型新方法,并在某小展弦比叶栅的上下端壁上完成了非轴对称端壁造型设计.采用数值求解Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes(RANS)和考虑转捩模型的SST湍流模型对轴对称端壁原始叶栅和非轴对称端壁叶栅进行了详细的流场特性分析,结果表明:所提方法可以有效减少进入叶栅通道涡的低能流体,从而抑制了通道涡的发展,减少了二次流损失.由于叶栅展弦比较小,所以非轴对称端壁会影响到整个流场,使得出口气流角在整个叶高范围内有所增大,中叶展处叶片负荷下降,型面损失减少.与轴对称端壁原始叶栅相比,非轴对称端壁叶栅效率提高了0.22%,从而验证了所提方法的有效性.     

设计工况下非轴对称端壁造型方法对涡轮动叶性能的影响

为揭示非轴对称端壁控制涡轮动叶二次流的物理机制,采用三角函数造型方法,对设计工况下某一燃气涡轮的第一级动叶进行数值研究.结果表明,只有在合适的非轴对称端壁半径扰动量下,才能获得较好的气动收益;扰动半径在5%～10%叶高内,性能会有所提升.相对于造型幅值,气动性能对造型几何位置更为敏感.本文采用的三角函数造型法主要通过合理降低横向压力梯度,推迟通道涡发展,从而减弱通道涡强度和维度,进而降低流动损失.     

非轴对称端壁成型技术的实验研究

通过风洞实验对三角函数非轴对称端壁成型法和压差非轴对称端壁成型法的效果进行了实验研究与考核.结果表明:与轴对称环形端壁相比,这2种非轴对称端壁使得总压损失系数都有不同程度的减小,在叶栅出口下游段距尾缘2 mm截面上,2套造型端壁流道的总压损失系数分别降低了7.78%和10.20%;在叶栅出口下游段距尾缘4 mm截面处,2套端壁造型流道的总压损失系数分别降低了9.70%和14.22%.实验还验证了2种端壁成型方法的有效性,采用这2种成型方法设计的叶栅流道能够降低叶栅的二次流流动损失,提高级效率.     

透平叶栅非轴对称端壁优化设计

为减小透平叶栅二次流损失、提高气动效率,建立了结合透平叶栅非轴对称端壁造型双控制型线参数化方法、全局优化自适应差分进化算法和基于Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes(RANS)方程求解技术的叶栅气动性能评价方法于一体的透平叶栅非轴对称端壁优化设计体系,同时验证了全局优化自适应差分进化算法和透平叶栅气动性能评价方法的可靠性和准确性。以透平叶栅总压恢复系数最大化为优化目标,在出口气流角和质量流量的约束及叶栅非轴对称端壁三维参数化控制点共20个设计变量下,完成了透平叶栅非轴对称端壁造型优化设计。研究结果表明,优化后得到的非轴对称端壁造型可有效减少透平叶栅的二次流损失,使叶栅总压恢复系数提高0.25%,证明所提出的设计体系是有效的,可为透平叶栅非轴对称端壁优化提供设计工具。     

端壁造型对轮缘密封流场和封严效率的影响

针对端壁造型设计在减少二次流损失的同时会影响轮缘密封的封严等问题,采用数值求解三维URANS(Unsteady Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes)方程和SST湍流模型的方法,研究了动叶前缘下端壁5种造型对轮缘密封流场和封严效率及动叶气动性能的影响;数值分析了轮缘密封的封严效率,并与实验数据比较,验证了数值方法的准确性。对比了5种动叶前缘端壁造型结构的轮缘密封封严效率和动叶气动性能,结果表明:动叶前缘端壁造型会影响局部的压力分布,进而影响轮缘密封封严效率;与轴对称端壁相比,凸壁面端壁造型使动叶前缘高压区前移,提高了轮缘间隙处主流周向压力波动,导致最小封严气量需求增加23%以上,而凹壁面端壁造型降低了局部压力和主流的周向压力波动,能够使最小封严气量减小14%以上;凹壁面端壁造型使得动叶流道内的通道涡扩大,级效率降低。     

大涵道比风扇角区失速模化设计及非轴优化

为研究非轴对称端壁造型对大涵道比风扇角区失速流动的改善作用,对某风扇进行了平面叶栅模化设计及非轴对称端壁优化。采用数值模拟方法,以风扇根部叶型为基础进行模化设计;在此基础上,采用两种不同的控制点分布方法对平面叶栅进行非轴对称端壁优化改型。研究结果表明:模化后的平面叶栅角区失速流动及叶片加载特点与风扇原型基本一致;采用自由曲面及类两面角曲面两种非轴造型对平面叶栅角区进行优化,叶栅总压损失系数分别降低了4.57%和5.38%;将流场改善效果较好的类两面角曲面造型应用于风扇原型角区,结果表明该造型使得风扇效率提高了0.441%,角区失速现象也得到了有效的抑制。深入的流场分析表明,类两面角曲面的非轴对称端壁造型,沿流向能有效推迟压气机平面叶栅通道涡向吸力面的发展,沿径向通过使涡结构上移减弱在端壁附近吸力面附面层和通道涡的相互作用;与此同时,对大涵道比风扇原型的角区失速流动也能起到较好控制效果。     

端壁造型抑制角区失速的数值研究

针对跨音压气机的静叶角区分离导致失速这一流动现象,开展了端壁造型的研究.提出了与角区堵塞量相关联的轴对称与非轴对称端壁造型方法,通过数值模拟验证了此造型方法能够抑制角区分离.研究结果表明,轴对称造型方法使总压恢复系数比原型提高0.5%,而仅在吸力面侧凹曲率所形成的非轴对称造型方法,能够对角区堵塞起到较大程度的抑制,效果明显好于Rose提出的正弦函数非轴对称端壁造型.     

端壁造型抑制角区失速的数值研究

针对跨音压气机的静叶角区分离导致失速这一流动现象,开展了端壁造型的研究．提出了与角区堵塞量相关联的轴对称与非轴对称端壁造型方法,通过数值模拟验证了此造型方法能够抑制角区分离．研究结果表明,轴对称造型方法使总压恢复系数比原型提高0．5％,而仅在吸力面侧凹曲率所形成的非轴对称造型方法,能够对角区堵塞起到较大程度的抑制,效果明显好于Rose提出的正弦函数非轴对称端壁造型．     

非轴对称端壁成型及其对叶栅损失影响的数值研究

根据叶栅非轴对称端壁成型的基本原理，探讨了非轴对称端壁成型的技术，利用三角函数构建了叶栅非轴对称端壁的型面，对5种不同端壁的叶栅进行了数值模拟，并采用三维时均可压缩N-S方程组求解方法，对构建的非轴对称端壁的跨音速直列叶栅进行了数值研究．结果表明：采用非轴对称端壁可有效降低叶栅二次流损失，所建立的非轴对称端壁成型方法效果比较明显；成型过程中单峰幅值控制函数要明显优于双峰函数，单峰幅值控制函数中最大幅值约占5％叶高为宜，此时计算结果显示在叶栅128％轴向弦长处总压损失降低了约4．7％。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with