一种改进的协同训练算法:Compatible Co-training

半监督学习是机器学习近年来的热点研究方向,而协同训练(Co-training)则是半监督学习中的重要范式,它利用双视图训练两个分类器来互相标记样本以扩大训练集,以此借助未标记样本提升学习性能.在实际应用中,视图通常会受到属性退化和噪声的影响而变得不充分(即视图不能提供足够的信息来正确预测样本的标记).在不充分视图下,两个视图上的最优分类器变得不再兼容,一个视图中的分类器标记的样本可能不利于另一个视图学得最优分类器.针对这一问题,提出一种改进的协同训练算法Compatible Co-training,它记录学习过程中每个未标记样本被赋予的标记,通过比较更新后的分类器对样本预测的标记与其初始标记,动态地删除标记不一致的样本,从而除去不利于学得最优分类器的样本.实验结果显示出Compatible Co-training比协同训练具有更好的泛化能力和更快的收敛速度.     

基于多类型文本的半监督性别分类方法研究

提出一种基于多种文本类型的半监督性别分类方法,即根据微博平台中用户所产生的不同类型的文本(如:原创微博、转发微博等)对用户的进行性别分类。文中的方法是一种基于协同训练(Co-training)的半监督学习方法,旨在减少分类器对大量标注样本的依赖。首先将不同类型的文本分为不同的独立视图;其次,在每个视图中利用LSTM分类器挑选置信度最高的未标注样本;最后,将挑选出来的未标注样本加入训练模型迭代训练。实验结果表明我们的方法能够有效利用非标注样本信息,并明显优于其他现有的半监督性别分类方法。     

基于社会关系网络的半监督情感分类

基于样本的社会关系, 提出一种新的半监督学习方法, 创建一种基于文档?词及社会关系的二部图模型, 并根据标签传播算法将未标注样本加入到分类器的构建中。实验结果表明, 加入社会关系网络的半监督情感分类方法明显优于传统的仅利用评论文本信息的半监督情感分类方法。     

基于主动学习的有监督在线多核学习算法

为了提高大规模数据的分类性能,提出一种基于主动学习的有监督在线多核学习算法SOMK_AL(Supervised online multiple kernel learning algorithm based active learning).首先,采用主动学习的方法缩减数据规模.通过训练生成两个分类器,对读入数据xt进行预测,将两个分类器预测类别不一致的数据作为信息含量高的有标记数据,参与在线学习过程中的核更新;接着,在核集成过程中,通过随机抽样的方法构造核函数集的子集,仅仅在子集中实现核更新,缩减核更新的计算规模.最后,在大规模数据的基准数据集上进行实验,对提出的算法的有效性进行评估,结果表明SOMK_AL能较好地提高数据的分类性能.     

基于模糊粗糙集的半监督影像分类算法

针对影像分类中少量标记样本问题,提出了基于模糊粗糙集的影像半监督分类算法.首先,通过模糊粗糙集对数据的粗糙性与模糊性进行建模,采用归一化的模糊互信息来度量特征与类别信息的相关性,并利用模糊上下近似度量样本的类别隶属度;然后,结合归一化的模糊互信息改进正则化框架下的特征评价方法,在谱图分析的半监督特征选择框架下实现特征优选;其次,结合近邻约束提高模糊上下近似预测样本类别的准确性,设计基于模糊粗糙集的约束自学习,选择信息量大的未标记样本更新训练样本集;最后,利用新的样本集训练分类器,完成影像分类任务.多组实验表明所提算法能够在少量标记样本的条件下有效提高影像的分类精度.     

基于网络表示的半监督问答文本情感分类方法

针对新颖的问答形式的文本展开研究,提出了基于网络表示的半监督问答文本情感分类方法,通过构建异构网络的联合学习提升半监督问答文本的情感分类性能。首先,通过分析标注和未标注样本构建一个异构网络,具体包括词-词网络、问题和答案文本-词网络、情感标签-词网络;其次,利用该异构网络学习获得词向量;最后,将学习到的词向量应用于目前性能最优的分层匹配情感分类模型(hierarchical matching network,HMN)中。实验结果表明,提出的方法在处理问答文本情感分类任务上具有一定优势。     

一种新的多类SVM方法及其在文本分类中的应用

提出一种将SVM扩展到多类文本分类问题的新方法,此方法有增量模式及批模式两种应用途径。其中,批模式提供了一种其他多类SVM替代方法;而增量模式在重复利用原有模型的基础上将新增类别的知识信息以增量方式更新到分类系统,整个分类器不需要全部重新学习,需要的计算量较小。实验表明增量方法大大减少新类增加时分类器更新所需要的学习步骤和时间;两种模式的分类效果与其他方法相当。     

一种基于半监督学习的2DPCA人脸识别方法

结合半监督学习中的自学习技术以及二维主成分分析(two-dimensional principal component analysis-2DPCA)方法,提出了一种基于半监督学习的人脸识别方法.在二维主成分分析的基础上,利用少量具有类别标签的样本训练分类器,然后利用半监督学习中的自学习技术,对未知类别标签的人脸样本进行分类,并将具有高置信度的人脸样本加入到训练集中,以此增加训练集中的人脸样本数量.在ORL人脸库和Yale人脸库的实验结果,表明了提出方法的有效性.     

基于半监督学习的单类分类器

半监督学习是一种利用有标记样本和无标记样本进行学习的新的机器学习方法。针对单分类中只有目标类标记样本和大量无标记样本的情况,提出了一种基于半监督学习的单类分类算法。利用已标识的有标记样本建立两个单类分类器,通过相互学习来挖掘未标记样本中的隐含信息,扩大有标记样本的数量。利用所有已标识样本,用不同的单分类方法建立多个单类分类器,通过集成学习的方法得到最终的分类器。在UCI数据集上进行了实验,表明提出的基于半监督学习的单类分类器的有效性。     

支持向量机在线增量学习算法的MATLAB实现

基于支持向量机在线训练理论,采用MATLAB工具实现了一种在线增量学习算法。该实现方法调用LIBSVM工具包分类器训练函数和样本识别函数,将不能识别的样本作为增量数据重新训练分类器。设计的增量训练用户图形界面系统应用于手写数字的识别,结果表明了实现方法的正确性和有效性,并论证了增量训练能在兼顾新样本出现的情况下提高训练速度,提升手写数字识别的准确率。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the