大量元素水溶肥料在水稻上的应用效果研究

研究考察了液体型大量元素水溶肥料在水稻上叶面喷施后的效果。试验研究结果表明:在水稻的苗期、孕穗和灌浆期各喷施1次,每次每亩(1 hm2=15亩)取水溶肥原液90 mL兑水45 kg(稀释比例1∶500)稀释混匀后喷施,与清水和空白对照比较,水稻株高、结实率、千粒重均增加,增产率分别为8.3%和9.4%,纯收入分别增加118.3元/亩和134.5元/亩。     

茶鲜叶中有机磷农药残留分析

为监测茶鲜叶中有机磷农药残留污染状况,应用超声波提取、分散固相萃取净化、气相色谱检测,建立了一种简单、快速测定茶鲜叶中7种有机磷农药(敌敌畏、乐果、毒死蜱、甲基对硫磷、马拉硫磷、杀螟硫磷和三唑磷)残留的分析方法。样品采用φ(乙酸)=1%的乙腈溶液超声提取,乙二胺-N-丙基硅烷、十八烷基硅烷键合硅胶和石墨化炭黑混合吸附剂分散萃取净化,DB-1701毛细管柱程序升温分离,火焰光度检测器测定,基质外标法定量。结果表明,在0.01～4.00mg·L-1范围内,7种有机磷农药的峰面积与其浓度呈良好的线性关系,相关系数均大于0.998,方法的检出限为0.0034～0.0136mg·kg-1,定量限为0.012～0.046mg·kg-1,加标回收率为77.7%～98.2%,相对标准偏差(n=5)为2.4%～8.7%。该方法操作简单、结果可靠、溶剂用量少,对检测条件要求低,适用于茶鲜叶中7种有机磷农药残留的检测。     

日本研制氨基酸和脂肪酸农药

日本理化研究所与味精厂合作,研制了一种氨基酸和脂肪酸农药——N-月桂酰·L-异戊氨酸。在水稻孕穗期撒施这种杀菌剂,既能防治穗稻瘟,又能提高稻谷的蛋白质含量,改进稻米风味和品质。这种新农药有以下几个特点:(1)易于被微生物分解,无残毒,不会污染环境;(2)无急性毒害;(3)经土壤微生物分解后产生氨基酸和脂肪酸,可改善土壤微生物的营养条件;(4)改进作物品质;(5)可从石油中提制,价格低廉。由于这种农药不会产生公害,日本人把它作为今后农药生产的一个方向。     

水稻-榨菜轮作体系中施肥研究

采用调查研究方法对重庆市涪陵区水稻-榨菜轮作体系中的养分管理现状进行了研究,结果表明,在水稻-榨菜轮作体系中,榨菜季氮肥施用量普遍偏高,各农户之间施用量差异较大,施肥不足与过量并存.每公顷氮肥施用量最低为207.0 kg,最高为564.0 kg,平均施氮量为349.5 kg/hm2,其中60%的农户施氮量大于330.0kg/hm2.氮肥在整个生育期的分配出现前轻后重,氮磷钾养分施用不平衡,偏施氮肥.钾肥用量不足,施用的氮磷钾(含有机肥投入)平均为N384.0 kg/hm2,P2O5127.5kg/hm2,K2O144.0 kg/hm2,氮磷钾养分的施用比例为10.3320.375;在投入的养分中化肥氮磷钾分别占总施肥量的91.0%,65.9%和15.6%,即氮主要由化肥提供,钾主要由有机肥提供,有50%多的农户未施用化学钾肥.榨菜收获后,普遍采用榨菜叶直接还田,80%以上的农户在水稻季不施用任何肥料,20%的农户根据水稻长势在分蘖末期施用少量(0～69 kg/hm2)氮肥.     

板桥党参活性成分分析

对板桥党参BanqiaoCodonopsispilosulc的活性成分进行系统的定量分析.采用苯酚-硫酸比色法、二硝基水杨酸法、香草醛-硫酸法、电感耦合高频等离子体原子发射光谱法(ICP)、毛细管气相色谱法,分别对板桥党参中的多糖、还原糖、总皂甙、重金属的含量,以及有机氯类农药残留量进行了测定.结果板桥党参中的多糖的含量为43.63%,还原糖的含量为21.34%,总皂甙的含量为1.38%,铅的含量为0.800mg·kg-1,镉的含量为0.025mg·kg-1,砷的含量为0.600mg·kg-1,其中未检测到六六六(BHC)〔α-BHC,β-BHC,γ-BHC〕农药残留.为制订科学合理的板桥党参质量标准提供了科学依据.     

海南省部分出口食品中BHC和DDT残留量检测分析

对海南省的琼山、临高、文昌等地区生产的茶叶、冻乳猪、菠萝罐头、蔬菜、水产品等２１种食品进行了有机氯农药（ＢＨＣ、ＤＤＴ）残留量测定分析。结果表明：在各类食品中有机氯农药未检出率为６０％，最高值为０．１６９２ｍｇ·ｋ－１，均符合日本、欧美各国的安全卫生要求及中华人民共和国的国家标准。     

纳米TiO2降解源复合型农药制剂

采用压电石英微天平技术研究了有机农药甲基对硫磷在经硬脂酸改性前、后纳米TiO2上的吸附行为.研究结果表明:硬脂酸能提高纳米TiO2对非极性有机农药的吸附量,甲基对硫磷分子在改性后的纳米TiO2上的吸附符合Langmuir吸附,最大吸附量Г∞为1.4×10-3mol/g,吸附常数k为5.5×105L/mol;亲脂性农药可与硬脂酸改性后的纳米TiO2形成稳定的复合体,复合纳米TiO2农药制剂可在太阳光照下自行降解,在农作物体内的残留期大大缩短,且复合纳米TiO2农药制剂的毒力明显提高,质量分数为10％的纳米乳液的毒力是质量分数为95％的原药毒力的1.68倍.     

分散液-液微萃取与气相色谱-质谱联用检测白菜汁和橙子汁中11种农药残留

建立了基于分散液-液微萃取的气相色谱-质谱（GC-MS）联用对白菜汁、橙汁中11种痕量农药的富集和检测方法. 实验优化了各种分散液-液微萃取的影响因素,最终选择萃取剂为20μL 四氯化碳,分散剂为1.5mL 乙腈. 在最佳条件下各农药检出限低于0.25μg·L^-1,富集因子最高为636倍. 除氟硅唑和稻丰散回收率偏低外,大部分农药在白菜汁中的中、高浓度平均加标回收率在62.8%~119.7%,RSD在 2.66%~15.62%(n=3);在橙汁样品中的中、高浓度平均加标回收率在67.6%~112.8%,RSD在6.64%~15.98% (n=3). 实验结果表明,分散液-液微萃取技术具有操作简单、快捷、富集因子高、精密度高等特点,与GC-MS联用是检测蔬菜及水果汁中痕量农药残留的一种方便、高效的方法.     

ORYZA2000水稻模型在四川盆地参数本地化及验证应用简

以杂交水稻中熟品种“辐优838”和中晚熟品种“川香9838”两年分期播种试验资料为基础,对ORYZA2000水稻模型发育速度、比叶面积、呼吸和分配系数等参数进行调试检验,实现模型参数的本地化,并利用四川盆区22个观测水稻的农业气象观测站2013-2015年的水稻观测资料对本地化模型参数进行验证,同时根据未来气候情景预测资料,模拟评价气候变化对四川盆区未来水稻的发育期和产量的影响.结果表明,1)ORYZA2000模型参数因品种不同而有所变化,本地化的模型参数对发育期和干物质的模拟效果达到较高的实用精度,发育期偏差值2d左右,叶面积指数、干物质和产量模拟值与观测值的相关系数在0.86以上;2)本地化的模型参数在四川盆地稻区具有较强的适应性,60多个样本模拟的齐穗期和成熟期偏差绝对值平均为4d左右,产量绝对值平均偏差为570kg/hm2;3)未来气候变化对四川盆地水稻生产有较大影响,不同区域影响不同.未来30年(2021-2050年)与前30年(1981-2010年)比较,盆周边缘山地稻区水稻产量有增加的趋势,一般增加在300kg/hm2左右,盆地中部稻区水稻产量有减少的趋势,一般减产幅度在...     

中粳稻区白背飞虱灾变特点及控制技术研究

80年代以来 ,白背飞虱在我市频频大发生 ,暴发期百穴虫量达 5 0 0 0头左右 ,给水稻生产带来很大损失 ,成为水稻生产上亟需解决的问题。且近年在白背飞虱在我市具有成虫迁入早 ,主害代提前、迁入量大 ,增殖倍数高、虫量多 ,迁入下代即猖獗危害等特点。1　白背飞虱主害代发生程度预测模型的建立与应用以 7月 10、15日田间百穴白背飞虱的虫量 (X1、X2 )为预测因子组建的直线回归预测式 :Y1=- 2 .2 84 8+ 2 .974 7L g X1(r=0 .9337* *) ,Y2 =- 3.980 6 + 3.2 81L g X2 (r=0 .9338* *)。符合年占 87.5 % ;1998- 2 0 0 0年进行实测 ,预报准确率分别为 97.17%、10 0 %、10 0 %。可见 ,应用该预测式可提前 2 0 - 2 5 d对二代白背飞虱的主害代发生程度作出中期预报 ,有利于制定防治策略和指导大面积防治。2　二代白背飞虱防治指标的确立根据防治经济学原理 ,结合通州实际情况及稻田天敌的作用 ,以挽回水稻产值大于防治费用 2倍为宜 ,故校正系数取 2。中稻单产 75 0 0 - 90 0 0 kg/ hm2 ,稻谷 1.5 0元 / kg,防效 90 % ,防治成本 12元 (人工 10元 ,药本 2元 ) ,取 F=2代入 EIL =(C· F)· 10 0 % / (P· E· Y) ,则经济允许水平为 2 .96 - 3.5 6 %。根据白背飞虱数量与产量损失的关系式 ,计算得通州 1996、1997年白     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Jane Eyre——A Feminist In The 19th Century

In the 19th century the society was controlled by men, and women were just appendants of them, they had not any rights and freedom. But Jane was an exception, she showed some characteristics of early feminist. Jane showed her characteristics of feminism in three aspects: rebellion, equality, and independence. These characteristics were helpful to her success, and feminism is the only way out for women of that time.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-