寒区隧道地源热泵供热系统及优化分析

为解决寒区隧道冻害问题,将地源热泵型供热系统应用于内蒙古博牙高速林场隧道中.系统由取热段、加热段、热泵和分、集水管路组成,可用于隧道洞口段衬砌和排水系统加热.在分析研究该系统传热机理的基础上,建立考虑热阻和热源的隧道取热段传热模型,利用叠加原理、格林函数法和拉普拉斯变换法相结合的方法获得其解析解.热交换管间距对热交换管换热量有显著影响,随着管间距的增加,换热量呈线性增加.热交换管换热量随隧道埋深的增加而呈线性增加,热交换管应布置在埋深深的部位.与热泵持续运行相比,间歇运行有利于土壤温度场的恢复,有助于提高热泵运行效率.     

隧道内地源热泵热交换管与隧道结构相互影响

为解决寒区隧道冻害问题,将地源热泵型供热系统应用于内蒙古博牙高速扎敦河隧道中.系统由取热段、加热段、热泵和分、集水管路组成,可用于隧道洞口段衬砌和保温水沟加热.热交换管以串联纵向的布置形式埋设在初衬和二衬之间.通过计算含热交换管承载截面面积和惯性矩的减小率,分析得到热交换管对隧道衬砌承载力的影响较小,可以忽略.隧道结构内包括锚杆、防水板和钢拱架,通过建立单因素对比计算模型,分析各构件对热交换管换热量的影响,研究表明:①锚杆对热交换管换热量产生的影响不明显,最大仅为2.3%;②运行前期,应充分考虑防水板对热交换管换热量的不利影响,但长期运行后,可忽略防水板的不利影响;③运行前期,钢拱架对热交换管换热量有显著的提升,但长期运行后,该影响趋于不明显.     

复合材料身管膛内气流与固壁传热分析

为了给复合材料身管传热分析提供较为精确的边界条件,采用一维内弹道膛内流场模型,将弹后空间核心流部分考虑为包含气流与身管管壁发生摩擦和热交换的不稳定准一维流.得到身管内侧不稳定、非定常可压缩流的边界层方程.基于MacCormack有限差分方法求解该方程,得到的内弹道特征量与经典内弹道模型计算结果的相对误差在3%以内,同时结果显示瞬时气流速度对换热系数影响较大,因此在对复合材料身管传热分析时需采用气流温度和换热系数瞬时计算结果.     

管母线损耗发热状况多物理场分析计算

为深入研究管母线损耗发热问题,在综合考虑管母线电阻率温度效应、自然对流和辐射换热等影响因素的基础上,建立了管母线二维多物理场有限元计算模型。分析了管母线温度场的分布规律,并运用红外热像仪对管母线的实测数据进行对比。结果表明:管母线温度沿管壁径向逐渐降低,下降趋势逐渐增加,管母线热通量沿管壁径向线性增加。管母线温度随着环境温度增加而增加。与实测结果对比发现,综合考虑对流和辐射换热的计算结果与实测结果非常接近,进一步验证了仿真计算方法的正确性,为管母线的结构改造、设计选型以及实际运行实时温度检测提供参考。     

基于ANSYS的沉管隧道管段内力三维有限元分析

为简化沉管隧道管段内力的计算并能得出合理的计算结果,方便结构设计,提出了利用ANSYS有限元软件对沉管隧道管段进行内力三维有限元分析．通过工程实例数据,建立模型、划分网格、施加边界条件和计算荷载,分析得出了合理的计算结果,可以为以后的沉管隧道设计提供参考．     

有限差分法对瞬态热交换过程的模拟与分析

在热废气/水蒸发器工作过程中,进口温度发生突变会导致热交换过程发生瞬变.结合偏微分方程和有限差分法,使用C#语言对套管换热器在单相顺流条件下的瞬态热交换过程建立数学模型.通过仿真分析可以得到高温气体、水和管壁的温度变化情况,以及瞬态逐渐趋近于稳态的热交换变化过程.此模型还可用于验证其他模型稳态过程的准确性.     

基于模糊数学的STS管幕结构的连接参数优化

依托STS管幕结构纵向抗弯性能试验，建立了STS管幕构件纵向抗弯性能有限元分析模型并验证了模型的可行性.采用正交试验研究了钢管壁厚、钢管直径、螺栓直径、钢管间距、翼缘板厚度对构件纵向抗弯承载力、跨中位移和经济性指标的影响，结合模糊数学理论优化了连接参数.结果表明:对构件达到屈服荷载时跨中位移影响最大的参数为钢管直径，对构件纵向抗弯承载力和每延米构件材料平均价格影响最大的参数为钢管壁厚.为兼顾安全性和经济性，连接参数比值应为钢管直径∶钢管壁厚∶螺栓直径∶钢管间距∶翼缘板厚度 =1∶ 0.03∶0.05∶1.15∶0.02.     

埋管形式对水热式桥面融雪的影响

应用有限元程序建立了数值模型,利用有限差分法对稳态工况下的桥面融雪过程进行热力仿真分析,以山区温泉水为热流体介质研究了环境温度为-5℃、表面风速为2 m/s、水温为15℃条件下埋管间距、埋管深度对融雪过程中桥面温度分布及热流密度的影响规律.结果表明:埋管周围等温线分布较密,热流密度较大;埋管深度与埋管间距对桥面温度与热流密度分布的均匀性有较大的影响,较小的埋管深度与埋管间距有利于提高桥面表面温度并具有较大的热流密度,促进融雪进程和速率.综合考虑融雪效果、施工、经济性等多方面的因素,建议埋管深度为2cm,埋管间距为15cm.     

层合管结构受热载荷的管壁温度模拟及测试方法

对于不同材料组成的圆柱型层合管进行了热传导特性数值模拟与试验研究。建立了层合管热载荷计算模型及管壁温度场分析模型，依据使用要求确定了三种层合管结构模型，采用数值计算方法分析了各种结构层合管在热载荷作用下的温度分布规律。介绍了层合管动态温度测试系统及试验方法，测试结果与数值模拟结果能较好地吻合。该文的工作可用于指导层合管材料及结构参数的确定。对于提高高温状态下的使用寿命具有实际意义。     

热交换管内壁半椭圆裂纹应力强度因子的数值研究

使用ANSYS软件建立了热交换管内壁横截面上含半椭圆裂纹的有限元分析模型,用来模拟裂纹尖端应力奇异性.通过对裂纹前缘进行离散,得到不同扩展的裂纹前缘.在不同热机械耦合载荷下,计算并比较了不同裂纹参数下有限元模型的应力强度因子K_Ⅰ值.讨论了K_Ⅰ值分布规律以及影响其分布情况的因素.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the