应用复合混凝剂对垃圾渗沥液生化出水深度处理的研究

采用生物法处理垃圾渗沥液,其出水COD_(cr)、色度等指标往往大于排放标准。应用亚滤技术作深度处理,可有效地去除剩余的污染物质,使出水达标。但由于渗沥液中存在大量的胶体微粒,对亚滤管产生阻垢作用,从而堵塞住亚滤管微孔,增加动力消耗,影响处理效果。故采用一种新型高效的复合型无机高分子混凝剂——聚硫氯化铁铝(PAFCS)用于亚滤装置的预处理。通过与碱式氯化铝(PAC)混凝剂的对比研究表明,PAFCS表现出比PAC更好的除浊、脱色能力,可有效地去除掉垃圾渗沥液中的浊度、胶粒和部分COD_(cr),从而使亚滤装置发挥最大效能。结果表明,PAFCS的投加量在150～200mg/L左右,pH值在5左右,沉降时间为40～50min的条件下,混凝效果最佳:浊度去除率可达到90％,COD_(cr)去除率可达40％左右。     

生化-物化法处理渗滤液溶解性有机物光谱特征

为了研究垃圾渗滤液中溶解性有机物(DOM)在生化-物化组合工艺处理过程中的降解特性,采用XAD-8和XAD-4树脂将DOM分成五种组分,并结合紫外和荧光光谱对DOM及其组分降解变化进行探讨.研究表明,组合工艺能有效降低渗滤液中DOM,溶解性有机碳(DOC)去除率达99.64％,其各组分去除率在99.48％～99.73％...     

垃圾渗滤液厌氧降解中溶解性有机物的光谱特性

为探讨渗滤液厌氧降解出水中有机物的构成特点和变化规律,采用XAD-8和XAD-4树脂将溶解性有机物(DOM)依亲疏水性和酸碱性特征分为5种组分,对不同水力停留时间(HRT)下厌氧序批式反应器(ASBR)出水中各组分的含量和特性进行了比较研究.结果表明:ASBR处理渗滤液中溶解性有机碳(DOC)去除率可达53.0%～94.7%;芳香类物质多存在于疏水性组分中,厌氧处理后各组分UV254明显下降,芳香类、羧酸和氨基化合物去除明显;随着HRT的延长,富里酸类荧光物质易在出水中累积而造成累计荧光强度Фi,n增大,而芳香性蛋白及溶解性微生物副产物较之更易降解.可见ASBR能有效降解渗滤液DOM各组分物质.     

微电解—好氧组合工艺处理中药废水的研究

采用"微电解-好氧"组合工艺进行了中药生产废水(COD=600～950 mg@L-1,色度=160～240倍)处理的试验研究.研究表明微电解混凝工序的COD和色度去除率分别为60%和85%左右,同时改善了废水的可生化性能;好氧阶段的最佳有机物负荷率为1.2～1.6kgCOD@m-3@d-1,常温下COD去除率在75%～80%之间.出水符合《污水综合排放标准(GB 8978-1996)》中一级标准的要求.     

净化南方水库源水的混凝-超滤组合工艺

针对南方微污染水源水质特点,以混凝-超滤组合工艺为对象,进行实验室序批式试验,研究其对污染物的去除效果及运行清洗方法。结果表明:工艺出水浊度小于0.02 NTU,对高锰酸盐指数(CODMn)、溶解性有机碳(DOC)和254 nm紫外吸光度(UV254)的平均去除率为38%,对溶解性有机质(DOM)荧光类物质去除效果优于常规工艺。其中,组合工艺对相对分子质量为1 000~2 000的有机物去除率大于48%,对相对分子质量为500~1 000的有机物去除率约10%。组合工艺对氨氮(NH3-N)、硝酸盐氮(NO3--N)、总磷(TP)的去除率为19%~29%。混凝可以提高超滤膜的运行效率。使用碱洗-酸洗或碱洗-EDTA清洗2种复合清洗方法可以达到更好的清洗效果。     

有机物的特性对超滤膜通量的影响

采用DAX-8型树脂,将有机物分离成疏水性和亲水性组分,并研究它们各自对超滤膜通量的影响.试验表明,投加100 mg.L-1粉末活性炭,尽管总有机炭(TOC)去除率达40%,但膜过滤通量没有得到改善.投加25 mg.L-1和100 mg.L-1硫酸铝混凝剂,TOC去除率仅为19.2%和31.6%,但通量得到了明显的改善.研究表明,通量的下降在很大程度上取决于超滤膜截留有机物的组分.膜截留疏水性有机物越多,则通量下降也越严重.研究同时表明,超滤膜过滤混凝和粉末炭处理水,截留在膜内的有机物组分有很大的不同.过滤混凝处理水时,膜倾向于截留亲水性有机物,而过滤粉末炭处理水时,膜倾向于截留疏水性有机物.     

强化混凝预处理生物性污染实验室废水

考察了三种典型无机高分子混凝剂聚合氯化铝(PAC),聚合硫酸铁(PFS),聚合双酸铁(PAFCS),以及CaO/LAS摩尔比,助凝剂聚丙烯酰胺(PAM)、温度和pH条件对于强化混凝预处理生物性污染实验室废水效果的影响.实验结果表明:PAFCS处理效果最佳,在最大COD去除率时去除每kgCOD所需的PAFCS用量为PAC和PFS用量的1/6;去除每kgCOD所需的PAFCS药剂成本为PAC或PFS的1/5.确定PAFFS40 mg·L-1,CaO/LAS摩尔比0.75,PAM 1 mg·L-1,温度25℃,pH7为最佳反应条件,此时COD,LAS的去除率可分别达58%和53%,细菌和ATP去除率均为90%以上.     

化学预氧化强化铁锰复合氧化物混凝除污染效能

通过混凝杯罐试验,研究了化学预氧化与铁锰复合氧化物(FeMnO)联用对有机物的去除效果,考察了氧化剂投量、预氧化时间对有机物的去除效果的影响.结果表明,FeMnO对有机物有一定的去除效果,高锰酸钾、过氧化氢及次氯酸钠作为预氧化剂可以提高FeMnO混凝对有机物的去除效果,最佳投药量分别为15、20、30 mg/L,最佳预氧化时间为20 min,在最佳投量和最佳预氧化时间下,对TOC的去除率分别为6510%、5515%及5631%;对UV254去除率分别为5105 %、5305 %及6040 %.化学预氧化强化了FeMnO混凝对有机物的去除效果,是一种良好的除微污染技术.     

渗滤液生化出水DOM在深度混凝过程中的去除特征

采用3种高新絮凝剂, 对采集自垃圾填埋场渗滤液处理工艺生化单元出水的样品进行3个阶段的深度混凝处理。采用紫外–可见光谱(UV-Vis)、三维荧光光谱(EEM)和电喷雾傅里叶变换离子回旋共振质谱(ESI FT-ICR MS)对3个阶段的样品中溶解有机物(DOM)进行表征, 以此来探究DOM在混凝过程中的去除转化特征。UV-Vis光谱分析结果表明, 经过混凝处理, 水中小分子物质的比例增大, 腐殖化程度降低, 缩合度降低。EEM分析结果表明, 经过混凝处理后, 类蛋白质和类腐殖酸物质的去除效果十分显著。FT-ICR MS分析结果表明, 在不同的混凝阶段, 絮凝剂去除的DOM有较强的选择性。最终出水残留的DOM主要是一些分子量较小、含有大量杂原子、具有较低不饱和度、O/C <0.3和H/C>1.5的物质。     

芬顿氧化-混凝深度处理二级出水试验研究

为了解决污水处理厂二级出水中有机物、总磷(TP)等污染物的超标问题,采用芬顿氧化-混凝工艺对污水进行深度处理,通过正交试验和单因素试验探讨了该工艺对污水的处理效果。研究表明:在芬顿氧化反应时间为40min,初始pH值为6.0,FeSO_4·7H_2O和H_2O_2投加量(质量浓度)分别为600mg/L和850mg/L,且混凝反应pH值为8.0,阴离子聚丙烯酰胺(APAM)投加量(质量浓度)为3.0mg/L的最优反应条件下,出水化学需氧量(COD)、色度和TP的去除率分别为97.5%,96.7%和99.2%,且均达到《城镇污水处理厂污染物排放标准》(GB 18918-2002)一级A标准。该工艺作为污水深度处理技术,可广泛应用于城镇污水处理厂对难降解污染物的深度处理。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with     

Journal of Donghua University ( English Edition) Contents of Volume 31

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Brief Introduction to “Journal of Jilin University( Science Edition) ”

<正>"Journal of Jilin University(Science Edition)"is a comprehensive academic journal in the fields of science sponsored by Jilin University and administrated by the Ministry of Education of the Peoples Republic of China.The journal started publication in 1955.The original name at starting publication was"Journal of Natural Science of Northeast People University",which was changed into"Acta Scientiarum Naturalium Universitatis Jilinensis"in 1958 owing to the name change of the university.The present journal name has