具有良好可再生性的新型二氧化硅磁性氧化石墨烯纳米复合材料

Graphene oxide (GO) wrapped Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles (NPs) were prepared by coating the Fe₃O₄ NPs with a SiO₂ layer, and then modifying by amino groups, which interact with the GO nanosheets to form covalent bonding. The SiO₂ coating layer plays a key role in integrating the magnetic nanoparticles with the GO nanosheets. The effect of the amount of SiO₂ on the morphology, structure, adsorption, and regenerability of the composites was studied in detail. An appropriate SiO₂ layer can effectively induce the GO nanosheets to completely wrap the Fe₃O₄ NPs, forming a core-shell Fe₃O₄@SiO₂@GO composite where Fe₃O₄@SiO₂ NPs are firmly encapsulated by GO nanosheets. The optimized Fe₃O₄@SiO₂@GO sample exhibits a high saturated adsorption capacity of 253 mg·g?1 Pb(II) cations from wastewater, and the adsorption process is well fitted by Langmuir adsorption model. Notably, the composite displays excellent regeneration, maintaining a ~90% adsorption capacity for five cycles, while other samples decrease their adsorption capacity rapidly. This work provides a theoretical guidance to improve the regeneration of the GO-based adsorbents.     

微波预处理对复杂铜矿磨矿及浮选动力学的影响

The effect of CaCO₃, Na₂CO₃, and CaF₂ on the reduction roasting and magnetic separation of high-phosphorus iron ore containing phosphorus in the form of Fe₃PO₇ and apatite was investigated. The results revealed that Na₂CO₃ had the most significant effect on iron recovery and dephosphorization, followed by CaCO₃, the effect of CaF₂ was negligible. The mechanisms of CaCO₃, Na₂CO₃, and CaF₂ were investigated using X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive spectrometry (SEM–EDS). Without additives, Fe₃PO₇ was reduced to elemental phosphorus and formed an iron–phosphorus alloy with metallic iron. The addition of CaCO₃ reacted with Fe₃PO₇ to generate an enormous amount of Ca₃(PO₄)₂ and promoted the reduction of iron oxides. However, the growth of iron particles was inhibited. With the addition of Na₂CO₃, the phosphorus in Fe₃PO₇ migrated to nepheline and Na₂CO₃ improved the reduction of iron oxides and growth of iron particles. Therefore, the recovery of iron and the separation of iron and phosphorus were the best. In contrast, CaF₂ reacted with Fe₃PO₇ to form fine Ca₃(PO₄)₂ particles scattered around the iron particles, making the separation of iron and phosphorus difficult.     

不同硅饱和系数水榴石的碳酸化分解动力学

Carbonated decomposition of hydrogarnet is one of the vital reactions of the calcification–carbonation method, which is designed to dispose of low-grade bauxite and Bayer red mud and is a novel eco-friendly method. In this study, the effect of the silica saturation coefficient (x) on the carbonation of hydrogarnet was investigated from the kinetic perspective. The results indicated that the carbonation of hydrogarnets with different x values (x = 0.27, 0.36, 0.70, and 0.73) underwent two stages with significantly different rates, and the kinetic mechanisms of the two stages can be described by the kinetic functions R3 and D3. The apparent activation energies at Stages 1 and 2 were 41.96–81.64 and 14.80–34.84 kJ/mol, respectively. Moreover, the corresponding limiting steps of the two stages were interfacial chemical reaction and diffusion.     

一种超重力燃烧合成制备高性能高熵合金的新方法

A new method of high-gravity combustion synthesis (HGCS) followed by post-treatment (PT) is reported for preparing high-performance high-entropy alloys (HEAs), Cr_0.9FeNi_2.5V_0.2Al_0.5 alloy, whereby cheap thermite powder is used as the raw material. In this process, the HEA melt and the ceramic melt are rapidly formed by a strong exothermic combustion synthesis reaction and completely separated under a high-gravity field. Then, the master alloy is obtained after cooling. Subsequently, the master alloy is sequentially subjected to conventional vacuum arc melting (VAM), homogenization treatment, cold rolling, and annealing treatment to realize a tensile strength, yield strength, and elongation of 1250 MPa, 1075 MPa, and 2.9%, respectively. The present method is increasingly attractive due to its low cost of raw materials and the intermediate product obtained without high-temperature heating. Based on the calculation of phase separation kinetics in the high-temperature melt, it is expected that the final alloys with high performance can be prepared directly across master alloys with higher high-gravity coefficients.     

窄板坯结晶器内连铸工艺参数对钢液流场的影响

Computational simulations and high-temperature measurements of velocities near the surface of a mold were carried out by using the rod deflection method to study the effects of various operating parameters on the flow field in slab continuous casting (CC) molds with narrow widths for the production of automobile exposed panels. Reasonable agreement between the calculated results and measured subsurface velocities of liquid steel was obtained under different operating parameters of the CC process. The simulation results reveal that the flow field in the horizontal plane located 50 mm from the meniscus can be used as the characteristic flow field to optimize the flow field of molten steel in the mold. Increases in casting speed can increase the subsurface velocity of molten steel and shift the position of the vortex core downward in the downward circulation zone. The flow field of liquid steel in a 1040 mm-wide slab CC mold can be improved by an Ar gas flow rate of 7 L·min?1 and casting speed of 1.7 m·min?1. Under the present experimental conditions, the double-roll flow pattern is generally stable at a submerged entry nozzle immersion depth of 170 mm.     

电渣重熔脱硫技术研究进展

Electroslag remelting (ESR) gives a combination of liquid metal refining and solidification structure control. One of the typical aspects of liquid metal refining during ESR for the advanced steel and alloy production is desulfurization. It involves two patterns, i.e., slag–metal reaction and gas–slag reaction (gasifying desulfurization). In this paper, the advances in desulfurization practices of ESR are reviewed. The effects of processing parameters, including the initial sulfur level of consumable electrode, remelting atmosphere, deoxidation schemes of ESR, slag composition, melting rate, and electrical parameters on the desulfurization in ESR are assessed. The interrelation between desulfurization and sulfide inclusion evolution during ESR is discussed, and advancements in the production of sulfur-bearing steel at a high-sulfur level during ESR are described. The remaining challenges for future work are also proposed.     

利用皮秒激光烧蚀制备非球形铝纳米颗粒

We report the picosecond laser ablation of aluminum targets immersed in a polar organic liquid (chloroform, CHCl₃) with ~2 ps laser pulses at an input energy of ~350 μJ. The synthesized aluminum nanoparticles exhibited a surface plasmon resonance peak at ~340 nm. Scanning electron microscopy images of Al nanoparticles demonstrated the spherical morphology with an average size of (27 ± 3.6) nm. The formation of smaller spherical Al nanoparticles and the diminished growth could be from the formation of electric double layers on the Al nanoparticles. In addition to spherical aluminum nanoparticles, triangular/pentagonal/hexagonal nanoparticles were also observed in the colloidal solution. Field emission scanning electron microscopy images of ablated Al targets demonstrated laser induced periodic surface structures (LIPSSs), which were the high spatial frequency LIPSSs (HSF-LIPSSs) since their grating period was ~280 nm. Additionally, coarse structures with a period of ~700 nm were observed.     

Mineral transition and formation mechanism of calcium aluminate compounds in CaO?Al2O3?Na2O system during high-temperature sintering

The mineral transition and formation mechanism of calcium aluminate compounds in CaO?Al₂O₃?Na₂O system during the high-temperature sintering process were systematically investigated using DSC?TG, XRD, SEM?EDS, FTIR, and Raman spectra, and the crystal structure of Na₄Ca₃(AlO₂)₁₀ was also simulated by Material Studio software. The results indicated that the minerals formed during the sintering process included Na₄Ca₃(AlO₂)₁₀, CaO·Al₂O₃, and 12CaO·7Al₂O₃, and the content of Na₄Ca₃(AlO₂)₁₀ could reach 92wt% when sintered at 1200°C for 30 min. The main formation stage of Na₄Ca₃(AlO₂)₁₀ occurred at temperatures from 970 to 1100°C, and the content could reach 82wt% when the reaction temperature increased to 1100°C. The crystal system of Na₄Ca₃(AlO₂)₁₀ was tetragonal, and the cells preferred to grow along crystal planes (110) and (210). The formation of Na₄Ca₃(AlO₂)₁₀ was an exothermic reaction that followed a secondary reaction model, and its activation energy was 223.97 kJ/mol.     

含细夹层的分矿充填层中流动特性的可视化

Ore particles, especially fine interlayers, commonly segregate in heap stacking, leading to undesirable flow paths and changeable flow velocity fields of packed beds. Computed tomography (CT), COMSOL Multiphysics, and MATLAB were utilized to quantify pore structures and visualize flow behavior inside packed beds with segregated fine interlayers. The formation of fine interlayers was accompanied with the segregation of particles in packed beds. Fine particles reached the upper position of the packed beds during stacking. CT revealed that the average porosity of fine interlayers (24.21%) was significantly lower than that of the heap packed by coarse ores (37.42%), which directly affected the formation of flow paths. Specifically, the potential flow paths in the internal regions of fine interlayers were undeveloped. Fluid flowed and bypassed the fine interlayers and along the sides of the packed beds. Flow velocity also indicated that the flow paths easily gathered in the pore throat where flow velocity (1.8 × 10?5 m/s) suddenly increased. Fluid stagnant regions with a flow velocity lower than 0.2 × 10?5 m/s appeared in flow paths with a large diameter.     

电力系统网络方程并行算法研究及潮流并行计算的实现

结合Ｔｒａｎｓｐｕｔｅｒ硬、软件的特点，研究了电力系统网络方程的并行算法。在撕裂节点法、系数矩阵写成对角加边的基础上，发展了系数矩阵完全分解算法。在由４片Ｔ８００－２０组成的并行计算机系统上，实现了快速分解潮流的并行计算，并针对不同规模的网络进行了试算，计算结果表明，上述算法有较好的效果，证明并行算法能显著提高电力系统计算的速度，有广阔的应用前景。     

理论地震图的F-K算法的并行实现

对F-K算法进行了并行化改进,从而使其可以利用PC-Cluster或者并行计算机多节点计算的资源优势,提高计算速度.比较发现,并行后的计算速度大大提高,在计算时间较长的情况下,并行F-K算法的运算速度基本与处理器的个数成正比,为反演震源参数和地下结构提供了更为快捷的计算工具.     

基于方差相似度计算的人脸识别技术

针对人脸识别过程中所需的图像匹配,采用计算特征矢量方差的方法,经过一定的对应关系变化,得到了相似度计算的权值.这些权值具有很好的稳定性和准确性,有利于识别率的提高.实验采用自制人脸库进行识别测试,取得了较满意的结果,验证了此方法的有效性.     

基于正态变异的思维进化计算

将正态变异引入到思维进化计算中, 提出了一种新的基于正态变异的思维进化计算.在算法中采取了自适应策略.试验结果表明该算法具有高效的收敛速度, 并能收敛到全局最优点.与遗传算法(Genetic Algorithm, GA)和传统的思维进化计算(Mind Evolutionary Computation, MEC)进行比较分析, 该算法收敛速度更快, 收敛率更高.     

量子神经计算

量子计算与神经计算的结合是当前人工神经网络理论发展的一个前沿课题 ,由此而产生的量子神经计算新范式具有很高的理论价值和应用潜力。文章在介绍量子计算基本原理的基础上 ,讨论了将它引入神经计算领域的可能性和可行性 ,从理论上分析了量子神经计算所具有的性能 ,并给出量子神经计算模型的几种可能形式。     

基于网格节点的分布计算策略分析

介绍了网格技术的现状和近期发展,讨论了集群服务器作为网格节点的重要组成部分在网格计算中的重要作用,导出了计算包在到达网格节点时的一种数学模型,利用这种数学模型,对网格节点的分布计算策略进行分析,这对充分利用集群服务器计算资源、提高网格节点的服务能力有着重要意义.     

典型并行算法的实现性能分析

讨论和分析了几种典型的并行算法及其各种处理方法在基于Windows XP环境、消息传递接口MPI并行编程环境支持和C 语言描述的编程实现问题，给出了相应并行程序详尽的计算结果，对比分析了它们的计算性能，以及它们对计算精度产生的影响。分析结论以相应并行算法的实际编程实现和试验计算数据为基础，可信度高。设计实例表明，分析方法是有效的。     

Distributed virtual reality system based on hybrid rendering

A distributed virtual reality system is presented based on a hybrid rendering scheme. This system first predicts the camera position of the next key frame in real-time according to the tendency of the current camera movement. The predicted key frame is then generated using a geometry-based algorithm. Finally, a real-time backward image warping algorithm is employed to create a smooth transition between the two adjacent key frames. Since the ren dering procedure can be divided into two independent steps, this system can be efficiently implemented in distributed mode.     

Distributed virtual reality system based on hybrid rendering

A distributed virtual reality system is presented based on a hybrid rendering scheme. This system first predicts the camera position of the next key frame in real-time according to the tendency of the current camera movement. The predicted key frame is then generated using a geometry-based algorithm. Finally, a real-time backward image warping algorithm is employed to create a smooth transition between the two adjacent key frames. Since the ren dering procedure can be divided into two independent steps, this system can be efficiently implemented in distributed mode.     

Incremental view computation model for object-oriented information

We introduce a model to implement incremental update of views. The principle is that unless a view is accessed, the modification related to the view is not computed. This modification information is used only when views are updated. Modification information is embodied in the classes (including inheritance classes and nesting classes) that derive the view.We establish a modify list consisted of tuples (one tuple for each view which is related to the class) to implement view update. A method is used to keep views from re-update.