Depression of experimental gastric ulcers and acute pancreatitis in rats treated by 5-azacytosine, 5-azacytidine and their N-methyl derivatives

Summary 5-Azacytosine, 1-methyl-5-azacytosine and 5-azacytidine administered to rats with a ligated pylorus block gastric secretion, gastric acidity, the extent of hemorrhage and the number and size of gastric defects. The same drugs also depress the development of experimental acute pancreatitis mediated in rats by interstitial administration of 7.5% natrium cholate into the pancreas in vivo. The drugs affected the amount of abdominal fluid and 6 h after the treatment the pathological changes were significantly decreased.     

The effect of nicotine on ethanol-induced gastric ulcers in rats

Summary Nicotine, in concentrations of 5 and 25 g/ml drinking water, given ad libitum for 10 days, dose-dependently increased lesion formation and worsened ethanol-induced ulceration in rat stomachs. Daily fluid intake and b.wt gain were not adversely affected by nicotine pretreatment.The authors are grateful to Mr C.T. Luk for his skilled technical assistance.     

The effect of nicotine on ethanol-induced gastric ulcers in rats

Nicotine, in concentrations of 5 and 25 micrograms/ml drinking water, given ad libitum for 10 days, dose-dependently increased lesion formation and worsened ethanol-induced ulceration in rat stomachs. Daily fluid intake and b.wt gain were not adversely affected by nicotine pretreatment.     

The influence of thenalidine on reserpine- and serotonin-induced gastric ulcers in rats

Zusammenfassung Die Vorbehandlung mit Thenalidin (Sandosten) führt zur Verminderung der mit Serotonin hervorgerufenen hämorrhagischen Erosionen im Magen der Ratten. Thenalidin zeigt einen Effekt auf das mit Reserpin bewirkte Magengeschwür und verstärkt die Vormagengeschwürbildung bei den Ratten.

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Trademark employed by Sandoz Pharmaceuticals is Sandosten.     

The role of calcitonin in hypocalcemia in acute experimental pancreatitis

Summary Experimental pancreatitis in rats was accompanied by hypocalcemia. Thyroidectomy did not abolish the fall in serum calcium observed in intact animals during pancreatitis. Data presented in our study suggest that the thyroid gland and calcitonin are not important factors in causing the hypocalcemia observed in rats.     

Stomach ulcers in rats. New experimental model and protection by a triterpene healing agent]

An experimental model using restricted diet and exposure to cold for several weeks was devised. Following a two-week treatment with a triterpen healing agent, the rate of ulcerative lesion was significantly decreased.     

Effect of subdiaphragmatic vagotomy on production of gastric ulcers in pylorus-ligated albino rats

Summary A reduction in volume and free and total acidity of gastric content was noted along with reduction in ulcer index, with a shift of the site of ulceration from fundus to the glandular part of stomach, following vagotomy in pylorus-ligated rats. Low volume and acidity explains the absence of ulcers in the fundus, but the increased involvement of glandular part in ulceration is possibly due to weakening of the mucosal barrier following vagotomy.     

Effect of subdiaphragmatic vagotomy on production of gastric ulcers in pylorus-ligated albino rats.

A reduction in volume and free and total acidity of gastric content was noted along with reduction in ulcer index, with a shift of the site of ulceration from fundus to the glandular part of the stomach, following vagotomy in pylorus-ligated rats. Low volume and acidity explains the absence of ulcers in the fundus, but the increased involvement of glandular part in ulceration is possibly due to weakening of the mucosal barrier following vagotomy.     

High-frequency induction in vivo of mouse leukemia in AKR strain by 5-azacytidine and 5-iodo-2′-deoxyuridine

Zusammenfassung Nachweis der leukämogenen Wirkung von 5-Azacytidin und 5-Jod-2-Desoxuridin beim Stamm der AKR-Mäuse. Es wird angenommen, dass es sich hierbei um eine Virusinduktion handelt.     

Partial reversal of toxic effects of 5-azacytidine by 6-azauridine in normal mice

Zusammenfassung Die partielle Blockierung der toxischen Effekte von 5-Azacytidin in normalen Mäusen mit Uridin, Cytidin und 6-Azauridin wird beschrieben. Die Hemmung der toxischen Effekte eines Antimetaboliten durch einen anderen kann für die Krebschemotherapie von Bedeutung sein.     

5'-Nucleotidase activity in liver homogenates of rats treated with CCl4, colchicine, cycloheximide, emetine, ethanol, ethionine and 5-fluorotryptophan

5'-Nucleotidase activity an enzyme marker of the plasma membranes, increases in female rat liver homogenates following ethionine administration, while homogenates from males show no changes. Treatment with CCl4, colchicine, cycloheximide, emetine, ethanol and 5-fluorotryptophan does not significantly modify the 5'-nucleotidase activity of liver homogenates of either female or male rats.     

Influence of iproniazid pretreatment on formation of gastric ulcers by reserpine in the rat

Résumé Chez le rat à pylore lié, la réserpine (5 mg/kg) provoque l'apparition précoce d'ulcérations gastriques. Ce phénomène fait défaut si les rats ont été traités préalablement par l'iproniazide, un inhibiteur de la monoamino-oxydase.      

The in vivo activity of combinations of 5-azacytidine and cytidine on leukemia L-1210

Zusammenfassung Cytidin- oder Uridinzufuhr, bei an Leukämie L-1210 erkrankten Mäusen entweder 1 h vor oder gleichzeitig mit 5-Azacytidin verabreicht, bewirkt eine Herabsetzung der Toxizität von 5-Azacytidin, die sich in der Gewichtsveränderung und Verlängerung der Lebenszeit zeigt. Aufgrund der gefundenen zeitlichen Verhältnisse wird die Hypothese aufgestellt, dass Cytidin oder Uridin nur dann wirksam werden, wenn der Ort der metabolischen Vorgänge gleichzeitig mit 5-Azacytidin erreicht wird.     

Influence of post irradiation administration of methionine on the excretion of creatine,creatinine and N-methyl nicotinamide in urine of rats

Zusammenfassung Die Möglichkeit wurde geprüft, durch Zugabe von Methionin die Kreatin-, Kreatinin-, N'-Methylnicotinamid-und Stickstoffmengen nach Bestrahlung wieder herzustellen. Bei Methioninzugabe eine halbe Stunde nach Bestrahlung kehrte die Kreatin- und N-Methylnicotinamidmenge im Urin zur Norm zurück; wurde aber Methionin vor der Bestrahlung verabreicht, so blieben die Ausscheidungsmengen von Kreatin, Kreatinin und Stickstoff hoch.     

Stimulation of gastric secretion by prostaglandin F2 alpha in rats.

In rats with chronic gastric fistulas, prostaglandin F2 alpha stimulated the gastric acid secretion in graded doses of 50, 100, 200 and 400 microgram/kg b.wt, while higher doses above 1 mg/kg b.wt tended to inhibit significantly. The gastric antisecretory effect of prostaglandin E1 could not be altered or modified by subsequent treatment of prostaglandin F2 alpha, while the latter alone without any prior treatment of the former, stimulated output of gastric juice, HCl and pepsin without significantly affecting the concentration of these components.     

Repair of fundo-antral gastric fistula by homologous and heterologous fundo-antral tranplansts in adult rats]

Use of fundo-antral gastric transplants excised from Rat or guinea-pig stomach in order to repair fundo-antral fistula was well tolerated by adult Rats and compatible with a normal survival. In 90% of homologous transplantation, and 70% of heterologous transplantation, no brutal and mortal rejection of transplant was observed. The transplant did not regenerate, but its corpse was not eliminated, and remained united to the wall of the receiver's stomach, and infiltrated with lymphocytes. We explain the benignity of immunologic reaction in evoking the role of the liver which acts as a filter in sequestering a great part of antigens, and so moderating the antibody response by the spleen and lymphoid system.