四轮驱动EV自适应抗差无迹粒子滤波状态估计

针对四轮毂电机驱动电动汽车转矩控制中整车质心侧偏角等关键状态参数无法直接检测及车速等测量值易受到随机误差干扰的问题,建立四轮毂电机驱动电动汽车七自由度动力学模型,进行整车行驶状态参数滤波估计.结合抗差滤波原理及无迹粒子滤波算法,提出一种整车状态滤波估计方法.运用自适应抗差无迹粒子滤波,实现电动汽车行驶过程中纵向速度、侧向速度和质心侧偏角的准确滤波估计.搭建CarSim与Matlab/Simulink联合仿真实验平台对估计算法进行验证.结果表明:所搭建四轮毂电机驱动汽车动力学模型对整车行驶状态具有较高的预测精度;基于自适应抗差无迹粒子滤波算法能实现整车行驶状态估计,能有效对测量参数进行滤波,且具有较高的估计精度.     

基于自适应无迹卡尔曼滤波的分布式驱动电动汽车车辆状态参数估计

以精确估计车辆状态参数为目标,提出了一种基于自适应无迹卡尔曼滤波的车辆状态参数估计算法,采用非线性三自由度车辆模型,将模糊控制与无迹卡尔曼滤波算法相结合,实现对系统测量噪声的自适应调整,通过对方向盘转角,纵向加速度和横向加速度等低成本传感器信息融合实现对质心侧偏角和横摆角速度的状态估计.应用CarSim与Matlab/Simulink建立分布式驱动电动汽车整车模型并且联合仿真对估计算法的有效性进行验证.结果表明自适应无迹卡尔曼滤波比无迹卡尔曼滤波更能有效准确地进行车辆状态参数估计,在双移线工况中,质心侧偏角估计精度提高了6.7%,横摆角速度估计精度提高了4.8%.      

基于遗传粒子滤波的轮毂驱动电动汽车质心侧偏角估计方法

质心侧偏角估计是汽车稳定性控制系统中的关键技术.为了解决现有估计方法对轮毂驱动电动汽车信息利用不充分、估计精度低的问题,提出一种基于遗传粒子滤波(GPF)的轮毂驱动电动汽车质心侧偏角估计方法.利用魔术轮胎公式,融合轮毂驱动电动汽车车轮上驱动与制动力矩信息,建立非线性车辆动力学模型,实现轮胎纵向力与侧向力计算,完成质心侧偏角估计器的搭建.针对车辆动力学模型的强非线性及传统粒子滤波算法粒子退化、计算量大的问题,设计适用于强非线性系统并且能够有效抑制退化、减小计算量的遗传粒子滤波算法对质心侧偏角进行估计.仿真结果表明:所提出的估计方法能够提高质心侧偏角的估计精度和鲁棒性.     

基于无迹卡尔曼滤波的汽车状态参数估计

由于部分汽车状态参数无法直接通过传感器获得,为了提高这些参数的估计精度以准确判断汽车行驶过程中的状态变化,增强控制系统的鲁棒性,文中提出了基于无迹卡尔曼滤波的汽车状态参数估计方法.该方法在传统卡尔曼滤波算法的基础上,采用无迹卡尔曼滤波算法对汽车质心侧偏角、横摆角速度、路面附着系数等状态参数进行估计,并运用Simulink与Carsim进行联合仿真.结果表明,无迹卡尔曼滤波算法响应快,估计精度较扩展卡尔曼滤波高,能满足车辆高级动力学控制系统的控制需要.     

基于遗忘因子的UKF车辆状态参数估计算法

针对车辆主动安全控制系统所需的传感器成本较高以及信号采集过程中易受到外界噪声干扰的问题,文章提出了一种利用遗忘因子概念对噪声协方差矩阵进行在线自适应调整的无迹卡尔曼滤波(unscented Kalman filter,UKF)方法,实现对行驶状态下的车辆状态参数进行实时在线估计。使用该方法对车辆横摆角速度、质心侧偏角、质心纵向速度、质心侧向速度4个状态参数进行了实时在线估计,并与CarSim软件的仿真结果进行了对比,验证该估计方法的有效性和准确性。研究结果表明,该文提出的参数估计算法对横摆角速度、质心侧偏角、质心侧向速度3个参数的估计精度比传统卡尔曼滤波方法分别提高了38%、27%、28%。     

考虑行驶稳定性的四轮转向车辆路径跟踪控制研究

为了改善高速和低附着路面上无人驾驶车辆的行驶稳定性和保障行车安全,以四轮转向车辆为研究对象提出了一种考虑行驶稳定性的路径跟踪控制方法。首先基于模型预测控制算法设计了四轮转向路径跟踪控制器,然后根据质心侧偏角-质心侧偏角速度相平面稳定域和零质心侧偏角控制目标设计了车辆状态参数包络约束,在路径跟踪算法中加入轮胎侧偏角约束和车辆状态参数包络约束,保证车辆行驶时的稳定性。CarSim和Simulink联合仿真结果表明,采用基于包络线稳定性控制策略的车辆在高速行驶时或在低附着路面上行驶时能保持良好的路径跟踪能力并具有较好的行驶稳定性。     

车辆纵向力和质心侧偏角层级估计方法设计与验证

为提高车辆状态估计结果的精度与可靠性,设计了一种车辆纵向力和质心侧偏角层级估计方法。研究了一种用于车辆行驶状态估计的加权容积卡尔曼滤波,采用移动窗估计法调整测量噪声的协方差矩阵,根据不同时刻信息对测量噪声统计的有用性,动态调整窗口中不同时刻信息的权重,从而提高车辆状态观测器的滤波精度。根据电驱动轮模型特点,并考虑轮胎松弛长度来构造纵向力微分方程,从而设计了纵向力观测器。在纵向力估计的基础上,将上层的纵向力估计值视为伪量测值,利用三自由度车辆动力学模型设计了基于级联卡尔曼滤波的车辆行驶状态估计策略,实现了车辆质心侧偏角估计。进行了变速正弦转向工况和定速Fishhook转向工况下的CarSim/Simulink联合仿真试验以及实车试验,结果表明:所提方法整体估计精度相比扩展卡尔曼滤波提升了6.82%,具有较高的估计精度和实时跟踪效果,满足车辆应用需求。     

车辆行驶状态无迹卡尔曼软测量

为了有效解决电动汽车在行驶过程中的车速、质心侧偏角和横摆角速度等参数低成本测量的问题,采用无迹卡尔曼搭建了软测量算法,该算法充分考虑了电动汽车非线性的车辆运动状态估计,对于轮胎侧向力的估计采用非线性的魔术轮胎模型。最终,通过联合仿真实验方法验证了所建立的软测量算法能够准确、实时地估计出电动汽车的运动参数。     

基于轮胎侧偏刚度变化率的车辆质心侧偏角融合估计算法

针对车辆在高速紧急避让工况下质心侧偏角难以直接测量的问题,提出一种基于轮胎侧偏刚度变化率的质心侧偏角融合估计算法。在车辆二自由度动力学模型的基础上,提出一种轮胎侧偏刚度估计方法,构建基于改进扩展卡尔曼滤波的质心侧偏角估计算法。根据质心侧偏角和车辆纵向、侧向加速度的关系,构建基于积分法的质心侧偏角估计算法;结合两种估计算法的特点,采用轮胎侧偏刚度的一阶微分表征车辆的非线性程度,设计了一种适用于不同车辆动态特性及路面条件的融合估计算法。Carsim/Simulink联合仿真结果表明,该融合估计算法在不同的车辆动态特性和不同路面条件下具有良好的估计精度和实时性,对传感器信号的噪声、误差鲁棒性强。     

基于模糊滑模观测器与传感器信号积分可拓融合的车辆质心侧偏角估计

车辆质心侧偏角对于车辆横向稳定状态判断具有重要作用,对质心侧偏角的高估或低估都会对稳定性控制系统产生影响. 针对目前质心侧偏角估计方法仍具有较大误差且实用性不强,提出了以降低观测误差及提高估计系统实用性为目标的方法,构建了鲁棒性较强的模糊二阶滑模观测器计算质心侧偏角观测值,同时采用惯性测量单元信号计算质心侧偏角积分值. 之后分析了两种估计方法的优缺点,对质心侧偏角观测估计值与传感器信号积分估计值进行可拓融合,以实现采用传感器信号估计对观测值进行修正. 最后通过Simulink/TruckSim仿真、硬件在环仿真,进行了质心侧偏角估计方法的验证. 在实车定圆加速测试工况中以控制效果论证了所提出方法的有效性. 研究表明所提出方法能够准确反映实际质心侧偏角状态,并且可靠性、实用性均较佳.      

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with     

Journal of Donghua University ( English Edition) Contents of Volume 31

正~~     

Brief Introduction to “Journal of Jilin University( Science Edition) ”

<正>"Journal of Jilin University(Science Edition)"is a comprehensive academic journal in the fields of science sponsored by Jilin University and administrated by the Ministry of Education of the Peoples Republic of China.The journal started publication in 1955.The original name at starting publication was"Journal of Natural Science of Northeast People University",which was changed into"Acta Scientiarum Naturalium Universitatis Jilinensis"in 1958 owing to the name change of the university.The present journal name has