隧道近距下穿管线的爆破振动特征及安全标准

采用ANSYS/LS-DYNA软件中的ALE算法建立隧道-地层-管线三维数值模型,在地面测试爆破振动,验证数值模型可靠性;研究隧道爆破振动下地下管线横向和纵向的峰值振速和应力响应特征,探究管线和周边围岩的振动响应差异;分析净距、掏槽起爆药量和周边岩土性质对管线振动的影响。研究结果表明:数值模型中,地面测点的振速峰值与现场实测振速峰值相对误差均不超过5.0%;隧道爆破地震波引起管线横断面底部的峰值振速最大,中部次之,顶部最小,而管线中部的峰值拉应力最大,底部次之,顶部最小;沿管线纵向各点的振速峰值和拉应力峰值均出现在距离爆源0～4 m处,并随着与爆源距离的增大而逐渐减小;接触面处管线各单元的峰值振速和振动频率均明显比相应位置处土层单元的大;地下管线的峰值振速和拉应力均随着净距减小、掏槽装药量增大而不断增大,且管线上部的峰值振速和拉应力增量要比底部和中部的小;当地下管线周边为含卵石砂层时,管线的峰值振速和峰值拉应力最大,地下管线周边为回填黏土和夯实砂土时则较小。根据最大拉应力强度理论,建议管线的最大振速控制在4.68 cm/s以下。     

不同土质中隧道埋深对地表沉降的影响

分析地铁隧道开挖引起的地表沉降对建筑物安全具有重要意义.通过有限差分软件FLAC3D分别对粉质黏土、粉砂、黏土条件下的隧道开挖进行了数值模拟,分析三种不同土质中地表沉降随埋深的变化规律以及三种土质中同一埋深下地表沉降槽曲线的变化规律.结果表明:相同埋深下粉质黏土、粉砂、黏土中的地表沉降值依次减少;粉质黏土、粉砂、黏土的地表沉降槽曲线宽度随埋深的增加而增大;粉砂沉降槽相对于黏土较窄而深,说明土质条件越好,沉降槽宽度越小.     

地面堆载引起下卧盾构隧道剪切错台变形计算研究

采用Boussinesq公式求解得到地面堆载工况下隧道轴线处的土体附加应力;基于剪切错台模型,运用最小势能原理计算得到下卧地铁盾构隧道的纵向位移以及相邻盾构衬砌环之间的错台量和环间剪切力。通过算例分析,研究堆载面荷载q、堆载偏移距离s、隧道上部覆土厚度h以及堆载尺寸B和L对隧道纵向位移的影响。研究结果表明:q越大,盾构隧道的沉降量就越大,但隧道沉降影响范围并没有增大;随着s增大,隧道沉降量越来越小且沉降量减小的速率加快,隧道的水平位移则先增大后减小;随着h增加,隧道最大沉降减小,同时隧道沉降影响范围加大;B的改变对隧道竖向位移影响非常小,L的改变对隧道沉降量及范围的影响较大;隧道的竖向位移要明显大于隧道的水平位移。     

暗挖隧道施工对既有地铁车站的影响与控制分析

针对暗挖隧道施工过程中对既有地铁车站的影响,笔者结合实际隧道暗挖工程模拟其施工全过程.结果显示:呈现狭长特性的隧道,其基坑周围地表的最大竖向位移出现在隧道南、北两侧且呈对称分布;基坑地表变形最严重的一层其沉降曲线呈现明显的"凹陷状";随着开挖深度的逐渐增加,隧道北侧地表竖向位移的增加值与其呈现非线性的变化趋势.结论:暗...     

黄土地铁隧道施工围岩及地表变形规律研究

以西安地铁3号线某暗挖站区间双线地铁隧道施工为背景,采用有限差分软件FLAC3 D建立土体三维力学模型对双线地铁隧道台阶法施工过程进行动态模拟;并结合现场实测数据分析台阶法施工引起的地铁隧道围岩及地表变形规律。结果表明:(1)台阶法施工诱发的横向地表沉降呈"V"形,最大地表沉降出现在隧道中线偏右方约3 m,最终形成的沉降槽宽度约为隧道洞径的2倍。(2)台阶法施工诱发的纵向地表沉降在开挖面前地表沉降量最大,随着开挖掌子面距离越远,沉降量越小,最后在开挖进尺40 m附近趋于稳定。(3)隧道拱顶纵向沉降曲线与地表沉降变化趋势基本一致。帮部围岩变形呈现出先快速增长后逐渐平稳的趋势,且影响范围逐渐增大。所得结论可为双线地铁隧道施工和变形预测提供参考。     

西安盾构法施工引起的地面沉降有限元分析

本文运用有限元基本原理，利用大型通用有限元软件ANSYS时西安地铁尤家庄到南康村站隧道区间段进行数值模拟，分析对开挖面施加不同平衡反力时沉降的变化情况，建议西安地铁施工时将其控制在100kPa～150kPa范围内。分析了不同开挖时间地面各点沉降和水平位移变化规律；埋深不同各点的沉降和位移的时间历程变化规律，横断面埋深不同沉降和水平位移的变化规律。     

盾构隧道施工参数对地表沉降的影响研究

以广州市地铁十八号线万顷沙站—万横中间风井盾构区间隧道工程为研究背景，运用有限元软件，探讨了隧道埋深比、掘进压力、注浆厚度3种因素引起的地表变形的影响。在分析中使用控制变量法，在其他条件不变的情况下，改变掘进压力等施工参数并选取合理的值域后进行数值模拟，研究各种参数对地表沉降的影响程度。结果表明：(1)随着隧道埋深比的增大，横向地表沉降量峰值出现先增加后下降的变化规律，沉降槽曲线也逐步趋于缓和；(2)地面横向沉降峰值随掘进压力的增大而增大，当掘进压力超过掌子面土体应力释放值时，沉降量峰值与掘进压力成正比；(3)地面横向沉降量与注浆层厚度成反比。     

品字形隧道安全间距与开挖长度地表沉降分析

为研究三孔平行通风隧道的开挖对围岩和地表沉降的影响,依托贵阳地铁车站新型通风结构品字形隧道工程,结合理论推导和数值模拟,分析三孔隧道的最小安全距离和合理布置方式,以及由不同隧道开挖长度产生的围岩应力和地表竖向位移.结果表明:最大直径为9 m的品字形三孔隧道的最小间距为10 m;开挖长度5～20 m对地表沉降变化几乎无影...     

基坑开挖对既有地铁隧道及地表变形影响分析

基坑开挖会造成下部隧道周围土压力变化以及土体产生位移,使隧道结构稳定性受到影响,从而变形控制显得尤为重要。以合肥南站南广场基坑工程实测数据为例,采用PLAXIS 2D有限元软件对基坑下部隧道和地表变形的情况进行数值计算。研究表明:数值计算结果与实测值较为吻合,隧道发生竖向和水平位移,竖向位移比水平位移大,隧道的位移值随着开挖深度呈线性趋势;基坑开挖会引起隧道上方地表变形,地表沉降呈向下二次抛物线形式,坑底产生了塑性隆起。     

大连地铁隧道施工的Peck公式改进

为研究地铁隧道施工引起地表沉降问题,以大连地区地铁隧道开挖大量地表沉降实测数据为基础,运用数学方法,在Peck公式中引入两个修正系数:α(地表最大沉降修正系数)及β(沉降槽宽度修正系数),使之适用于大连地质条件下研究区间工况.通过大量实测数据分析,结果表明:当沉降槽宽度修正系数值β和地表最大沉降修正系数值α分别位于0.5～1.0、0.5～0.9之间时,得到的Peck曲线与原始Peck公式预测曲线相比,更加吻合地表沉降实测数据,预测效果更优.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with     

Journal of Donghua University ( English Edition) Contents of Volume 31

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