塔里木盆地库车褶皱冲断带的构造特征与油气聚集

根据地面地质调查和地震剖面解释 ,认为库车褶皱冲断带具有分带组合的构造特点 ,即由南侧的滑脱褶皱和北侧的断展褶皱相互匹配 ,实例有喀桑托开背斜与吉迪克背斜、吐孜麻扎背斜与大宛齐背斜、亚克里克背斜与米斯坎塔格背斜以及东秋里塔格背斜与亚肯背斜等 .除了南北分带、上下分层和东西分段特征外 ,库车褶皱冲断带还具有构造分块特点 ,自西向东依次可分却勒、克拉、迪那和阳霞 4大区块 .库车褶皱冲断带的油气聚集主要与侧断坡相关背斜有关     

库车盆地构造特征及聚煤作用分析

本文对库车盆地构造特征进行详细的分析,将库车前陆逆冲带由北向南划分为7个构造带,指出这些构造带是新第三纪、第四纪统一的南北向水平挤压作用的产物,详细阐述库车前陆盆地浅部和深部两个层次的构造组成,指出其构造特征具有不一致性和不协调性及构造样式在空间上的变化和变形的不均匀性。在此基础上,分析构造对聚煤的影响。     

库车前陆盆地克拉苏构造带的构造特征与油气

克拉苏构造带位于库车前陆盆地的北侧,由浅部和深部两个层次的构造组成、上、下同层次的构造具有不一致性。浅部层次的构造主要为断层传播褶皱、断层传播－滑脱褶皱,这些构造的突破断层发育,不利于油气的保存;深部层次的构造主要为被动顶板双重构造、突发构造和断层转折褶皱,这些构造在走向上相互转变,构成了本区最有利的构造圈闭。断裂是本区最重要的构造,它不仅是烃源岩排烃的有效机制、而且是油气运移的通道。     

基于GIS技术的地表构造特征研究——以塔里木盆地库车前陆褶皱-冲断带为例

利用GIS技术研究了库车地区的地表构造特征及其与地下构造的相关性 ,认为地表构造的南北分带性和东西分段性主要受地下主断裂的分布状况控制 ,库车河地区是东西分段的一个转换带 .秋立塔克构造带受左旋断层的作用被分为东西两段 ,控制西段南部背斜生长的断层连续性较好 ,而控制北部背斜生长的断层连续性较差 ,大致可分为三段 ,呈左阶排列 .库车地区的主要水系基本上都表现出与山体走向斜交的特点 ,说明该区的一些断裂在发生逆冲的同时还可能伴随发生了比较强烈的走滑运动     

鄂尔多斯盆地西缘冲断带深井井壁稳定性研究

鄂尔多斯盆地西缘冲断带深层页岩气井钻井工程中垮塌、漏失、卡钻等复杂情况频发。为保障安全高效钻井,降低勘探开发成本,早日实现该区深层海相页岩气资源的经济高效开发,基于地应力、岩石力学等室内物理实验,结合现场工程参数及塌漏信息,考虑力学弱面影响,建立了西缘冲断带深井全井段地层力学参数、全井段四压力剖面模型,评价了不同岩性地层力学参数分布规律,揭示了西缘冲断带深井井壁坍塌、漏失等失稳机理。研究结果表明,羊虎沟组以上砂泥岩地层强度较低,约为20~100 MPa,拉什仲组至桌子山组灰岩强度较高,超过100 MPa。较大的水平主应力差,发育的裂缝带、煤层是诱发井壁失稳的主要原因。建立的西缘冲断带深井岩石力学性能及四压力剖面预测,可为该地区井身结构优化设计,关键工程参数选取提供科学依据。     

库车前陆冲断带突发构造发育特点

探讨突发构造发育及成藏特点,为库车地区高效勘探提供依据。基于库车地区塑性地层沉积特征及区域构造发育特征的研究,明确了突发构造与叠瓦状构造具有密切的相关性,是叠瓦状构造进一步发育的结果。古隆起是控制突发构造发育的关键因素,当古隆起距推覆源位置较近时,在古隆起前缘发育破碎型突发构造;古隆起距推覆源较远时发育完整型突发构造。突发构造具有受盐体包裹、侧向封堵能力强、构造完整性好、裂缝发育程度高、对储层改造作用好的优势,其裂缝发育程度与构造发育程度正相关。突发构造为区域内最为有利的圈闭类型之一,是下一步勘探的首选类型。     

龙门山冲断带滑脱构造变形样式

龙门山冲断带发育多套滑脱带,如寒武系、志留系、下三叠统嘉陵江组、中三叠统雷口坡组等。通过野外地质调查和地震剖面精细解释,认为在具有滑脱层的构造变形中,滑脱层本身发生强烈的挤压揉皱,使得上下地层发生显著不同的构造变形,深部的构造变形在纵向上形成两个构造体系,其中上部构造变形体系具有强烈的构造变形,形成大量的逆冲断裂带、背冲断块等构造变形样式,而下部构造变形体系则经历较弱的构造变形,地层保存完好,形成分层差异构造变形,地表可以见到特征明显的坡坪式断层、节理发育的断开与连续、逆冲断层的尖灭消失、构造虚脱和弯流褶皱、强烈的褶皱或者揉皱等。     

塔里木盆地库车地区早第三纪伸展盆地的证据

库车坳陷早第三纪伸展构造的证据有三，一是盆地在早第三纪时虽然沉陷范围较大，但沉陷速率较低。其沉降速率与处于伸展构造环境的侏罗、白垩纪盆地相似，而与处于挤压构造环境的三叠纪前陆盆地和晚第三纪前陆盆地相去甚远；二是在盆地东部吐格尔明背斜的北冀与南面塔北隆起的下第三系砾岩中发育有高角度的同生正断层；三是在盆地下第三系地层中发现的灰质砾岩、含砾灰岩等海相沉积和海相腹足类化石及膏盐层均运离古南天山造山带分布，剖面上也不具有前陆盆地沉积典型的楔状沉积的特征，由此不仅说明本区早第三纪海侵的存在，而且还说明在早第三纪发生过伸展作用。     

合肥盆地逆掩冲断带地质-地球物理综合解释及其大地构造属性

在大量地震剖面综合解释的基础上 ,提出华北板块与北淮阳晚加里东 -早海西期褶皱带的界线应在六安断裂 ,肥中断裂是华北陆壳型基底与其过渡壳型基底的大致分界。首次发现合肥盆地侏罗系之下存在以青白口系刘老碑组泥质岩为主滑脱层的印支期形成的由南向北滑脱冲断、主要卷入华北地台及其被动陆缘上元古 -古生界的完整冲断体系 ,并认为侏罗纪盆地为再生前陆盆地 ,编制了前侏罗系基岩地质图 ,为研究华北、大别及扬子三大块体的相互关系提供了新资料     

库车北部构造侏罗系煤层井壁稳定对策研究

为解决塔里木盆地库车北部构造带侏罗系煤系地层井段井壁稳定问题，采用X射线衍射、扫描电镜等方法对煤岩理化性能和微观结构进行分析，明确了煤系地层井壁失稳机理；建立考虑多割理面影响的煤层井段坍塌压力模型，评价了煤系地层地质力学参数和井壁稳定性，并优化了煤系层段井眼轨迹；根据煤岩微观结构特征，开展了钻井液封堵材料优选，形成煤层段水平井井壁稳定对策。结果表明，煤系地层主要为力学失稳，推荐煤层沿最大主应力方位、井斜45°～80°钻井，钻井液密度1.70～1.74 g/cm³，钻井液封堵复配体系为3%磺化沥青+3%乳化沥青+3%超细钙；应用发现煤系层段定向钻井无复杂事故，煤层斜井段井壁稳定防治效果好。研究成果对塔里木盆地库车北部构造带侏罗系油气安全高效开发具有重要指导作用。     

库车盆地依南气田构造变形特征及动力学机制

对库车盆地依南气田的构造变形特征及动力学机制进行了系统研究。依南气田所在的依深背斜为一具被动顶板的大型双重逆冲构造,其上覆依奇克里克背斜为一大型断层传播褶皱。它们具有分段和左行左列的雁列式展布特征。受印藏碰撞远距离效应的影响,背斜构造自晚第三纪中新世康村组沉积期开始形成,主要的作用力来源于碰撞作用所传递过来的构造挤压应力,多期自北而南的冲断作用是气田构造形成的根本原因。挤压作用不仅形成了大规模的逆冲断层及大型的断层相关褶皱,而且还产生了左行走滑作用,使断层在发生向南逆冲运动的同时还发生左行走滑运动,从而使背斜构造在走向上发生转折,并呈现出左行左列的走滑构造特点。     

Abnormal high pressure in Kuqa foreland thrust belt of Tarim basin: Origin and impacts on hydrocarbon accumulation

Following analyses of the abnormal high pressure distribution characteristics, based on the geological characteristics, tectonic stress field and physical simulation, we investigated the formation mechanisms of abnormal high pressure and its impacts on hydrocarbon accumulation in the Kuqa foreland thrust belt. The abnormal high pressure appears at the bottom of the Paleogene and obviously exists in the Triassic and Jurassic. However, the pressure coefficient in the Triassic and Jurassic is lower than that in the Cretaceous and at the bottom of the Paleogene. Horizontally, the abnormal high pressure distribution is characterized by E-W orientation zoning. The maximum pressure coefficient lies in the Kelasu-Dongqiu-Dina tectonic zones in the center of the Kuqa foreland thrust belt and decreases away from the tectonic zones. The formation of abnormal high pressure was mainly related with the intense tectonic compression in the Early Pleistocene time, and tectonic uplifting, undercompaction and hydrocarbon generation were secondary factors contributing to abnormal high pressure. Under the rapid and intense tectonic compression in the Early Pleistocene, the rock framework firstly undertook 1/4 of the compression stress and the other was borne by the pore fluids. Due to the presence of great seal of gypsum-salt or gypsum-mudstone beds in the Paleogene, the pressure of pore fluids increased rapidly and led to the abnormal high pressure in the Kuqa foreland thrust belt. The abnormal high pressure has important impacts on hydrocarbon accumulation. It is one of the necessary conditions for formation of large oil and gas fields in the Kuqa foreland thrust belt.     

库车盆地依南气田构造变形特征及动力学机制

对库车盆地依南气田的构造变形特征及动力学机制进行了系统研究.依南气田所在的依深背斜为一具被动顶板的大型双重逆冲构造,其上覆依奇克里克背斜为一大型断层传播褶皱.它们具有分段和左行左列的雁列式展布特征.受印-藏碰撞远距离效应的影响,背斜构造自晚第三纪中新世康村组沉积期开始形成,主要的作用力来源于碰撞作用所传递过来的构造挤压应力,多期自北而南的冲断作用是气田构造形成的根本原因.挤压作用不仅形成了大规模的逆冲断层及大型的断层相关褶皱,而且还产生了左行走滑作用,使断层在发生向南逆冲运动的同时还发生左行走滑运动,从而使背斜构造在走向上发生转折,并呈现出左行左列的走滑构造特点.     

库车坳陷北带断裂输导效率及其物理模拟实验研究

在分析断裂输导能力影响因素的基础上，建立了断裂输导天然气效率的评价方法，并用该方法从平面上对库车坳陷北带断裂输导天然气效率进行了评价，同时利用物理模拟实验再现了天然气的运聚成藏（或散失）过程，进而总结了该区断裂组合输导模式。研究结果表明，该区高、中、低效断裂输导体系的分布区域与天然气的分布具有较好的相关性，高效的断裂输导是库车坳陷北带天然气运聚成藏的重要条件。库车坳陷北带在垂向上主要有4种构造断裂输导模式，由盐下断裂与不直接连接圈闭的穿盐断裂构成的断裂输导模式和仅由盐下断裂构成的断裂输导模式是库车坳陷北带有效的断裂输导模式；而由盐下断裂与圈闭破坏断裂、穿盐断裂构成的断裂输导模式和仅由单一穿盐断裂构成的断裂输导模式是库车坳陷北带无效的断裂输导模式。     

塔里木盆地库车坳陷东部天然气地球化学特征及成因类型

库车坳陷是塔里木盆地重要气源地之一,富含油气资源。但是,对于该区油气成藏认识还存在较大争议。通过统计库车坳陷东部600余个天然气样品地球化学特征,对该地区天然气组成、碳同位素、轻烃及成因类型进行了详细剖析。研究发现,库车坳陷东部天然气烃类气体以甲烷为主,重烃含量较低;非烃类气体主要以N2为主,含有少量的CO2。天然气碳同位素特征显示,库车坳陷东部天然气主要处于高成熟—过成熟阶段,且为有机成因烷烃气;并具有一定的同源性。天然气主要为正碳同位素系列,部分碳同位素表现出局部倒转现象。通过对库车坳陷东部天然气地球化学特征综合分析可知,该地区天然气为偏煤成气;且存在少量煤成气与油型气混合气,或者为"同型不同源"气或"同源不同期"的混合气。     

鄂尔多斯盆地腹部下古生界天然气赋存系统研究

运用深盆气圈闭的基本原理，综合分析了鄂尔多斯盆地下古生界天然气赋存的基本地质因素，论证并提出了盆地腹部下古生界深盆气圈闭的新认识，并依据盆地地质构造特征将其进一步划分为：西部前渊拗陷型和中东部复式向斜型两大深盆气赋存系统．     

塔里木盆地库车坳陷侏罗系恰克马克组叠层石及其环境意义

详细研究了库车坳陷卡普沙良河剖面恰克马克组叠层石的形态及内部构造、微量元素、氧碳同位素特征。指出该叠层石的形成环境为咸水湖盆。从恰克马克组沉积为湖盆扩张期这一事实出发，认为叠层石的发育与干盐湖无关，而可以作为海泛存在的证据。     

Geological constraints of giant and medium-sized gas fields in Kuqa Depression

There is a gas-rich and well-charged petroleumsystem in the Kuqa Depression where Triassic and Jurassicsource rocks play important roles. Distributed in an area ofmore than 10000 km and with a thickness of up to 1000 m,they are composed of dark mudstones, carbonaceous mud-stones and coal seams containing 6%, 40% and 90% of TOC,respectively, and are mainly the humic organic matter. Ashigh-quality regional cap rocks, the Neogene and Eogenegypsum rocks and gypseous mudstones matched well withthe underlying Neogene and Cretaceous-Eogene sandstones.They have formed the most favorable reservoir-seal assem-blages in the Kuqa Depression. Also the Jurassic sandstonesand mudstones formed another favorable reservoir-seal as-semblage. The traps are shaped late in the fold-thrust belt,mainly fixed in the Tertiary-Quaternary, where ten structurestyles have been distinguished. These traps spread as a zonein N-S, are scattered like a segmental line in W-E and showtier-styled vertically. The best traps are gypsum-salt coveredfault-bend anticlines related to the passive roof duplex. Thispetroleum system is characterized by late accumulation. Inthe early Himalayan Movement, mainly gas condensate andoil accumulated and were distributed in the outer circularregion of the kitchen; whereas in the middle and late Hima-layan the gas accumulations mainly formed and were dis-tributed in the inner circular region near the kitchen. Theoverpressure of gas pools is common and is formed by sealcapacity of thick gypsum layers, extensive tectonic compres-sion and large uplift. The well-preserved anticline traps un-derlying the high-quality regional cap rocks of the Tertiarygypsum rocks and gypseous mudstones are the main targetsfor the discovery of giant and medium-sized gas fields. Aboveconclusions are important for the petroleum geology theoryand the exploration of the fold-thrust belt in foreland basinsin central and western China.     

Controlling factors for large gas field formation in thrust belt of Kuqa coal derived hydrocarbon foreland basin

 Kuqa depression is a foreland basin developedwith Mesozoic-Triassic-Jurassic coal-bearing formation. Theresearch results of the coal-derived hydrocarbon forelandbasins in Kuqa depression indicated that the coal-bearingformation can be the rich sources for generating gas becauseof their thickness and rich source rocks with gas-generatingpredominant kerogen. Although the foreland thrust beltmainly acting in compression is very complicated, integrallarge structural traps can be formed. Moreover, the thrustbelt can act as the passage for communication with deepsource rocks. The high quality gypsolish and gypseous mud-stone cap rock developed in the upper formation is the keyfor the formation of the large gas field. The late formation ofreservoirs in the large gas fields depended on the hydrocar-bon-generating history controlled by the foreland basin andthe developing process of foreland thrust belt.     

对塔里木盆地库车坳陷东部侏罗纪湖盆边界的新认识

对库车坳陷东部地区侏罗纪的湖盆边界作了界定,着重对库车坳陷东部侏罗纪湖盆的北部边界进行了阐述,指出库如力—夏克阔坦东部是库车坳陷东部地区的沉积边界。