Immunorecognition of estrogen and androgen receptors in the brain and thoracic ganglion mass of mud crab, Scylla paramamosain

The brain and the thoracic ganglion of crustacean can synthesize and secrete gonad-stimulating hormone (GSH) which stimulates the maturation of gonad. In the previous experiments, sex steroid hormones (estradiol, testosterone, progesterone, etc.) have been detected from crustacean. However, the feedback regulation of sex steroid hormones on the brain and thoracic ganglion of crustacean has not been reported so far. In the present experiment, monoclonal antibodies were applied to investigate the immunorecognition of estrogen receptor (ER) and androgen receptor (AR) in the brain and thoracic ganglion mass of Scylla paramamosain. The results showed that the distribution of the immunopositive substances of ER and AR was extremely similar. They distributed in the protocerebrum, deutocerebrum and tritocerebrum of the brain, and mainly in protocerebrum. In the thoracic ganglion mass, immunopositive substances distributed in the subesophageal ganglion, thoracic ganglion and abdomen ganglion, and mostly in subesophageal ganglion. Immunopositive substances of ER and AR mostly existed in the cytoplasm of neurons. The present study will provide morphological evidence for the origin and evolution of ER and AR. In addition, the immunoreactivities of ER and AR suggested that the estrogen and androgen may be involved in the feedback regulation of crustacean neuroendocrine.     

Immunorecognition of estrogen and androgen receptors in the brain and thoracic ganglion mass of mud crab, Scylla paramamosain

The brain and the thoracic ganglion of a crustacean can synthesize and secrete gonad-stimulating hormone (GSH) which stimulates the maturation of gonad. In the previous experiments, sex steroid hormones (estradiol, testosterone, progesterone, etc.) have been detected from the crustacean. However, the feedback regulation of sex steroid hormones on the brain and the thoracic ganglion of the crustacean has not been reported so far. In the present experiment, monoclonal antibodies were applied to investigate the immunorecognition of estrogen receptor (ER) and androgen receptor (AR) in the brain and the thoracic ganglion mass of Scylla paramamosain. The results showed that the distribution of the immunopositive substances of ER and AR was extremely similar. They distributed in the protocerebrum, deutocerebrum and tritocerebrum of the brain, and mainly in protocerebrum. In the thoracic ganglion mass, immunopositive substances distributed in the subesophageal ganglion, thoracic ganglion and abdominal ganglion, and mostly in subesophageal ganglion. Immunopositive substances of ER and AR mostly existed in the cytoplasm of neurons. The present study will provide morphological evidence for the origin and the evolution of ER and AR. In addition, the immunoreactivities of ER and AR suggested that the estrogen and androgen may be involved in the feedback regulation of crustacean neuroendocrine.     

不同生境拟穴青蟹螯足肌肉营养品质评价

为探究不同生境、不同食物源拟穴青蟹(Scylla paramamosain,以下简称“青蟹”)的螯足肌肉营养品质的差异,本研究通过采集5种不同生境青蟹(生态青蟹、藤壶青蟹、天然青蟹、混饵养殖青蟹和单饵养殖青蟹),取其螯足肌肉组织测定基本营养成分、氨基酸含量和脂肪酸含量,并通过必需氨基酸指数(EAAI)、支链氨基酸与芳香族氨基酸含量的比值(F)进行分析。结果表明,生态青蟹的蛋白质含量略高于天然青蟹和混饵养殖青蟹;藤壶青蟹的含水率最高,蛋白质含量最低;5种青蟹的粗脂肪和总灰分含量差异均不显著。生态青蟹的总氨基酸含量和必需氨基酸含量均最高,藤壶青蟹的鲜味氨基酸含量最高;藤壶青蟹的EAAI (112.48)和F (2.36)最高,生态青蟹的EAAI (95.35)和F (1.95)分别与天然青蟹的EAAI (96.15)和F (1.90)基本一致;单饵养殖青蟹的EAAI (72.00)和F (1.53)均最低。生态青蟹的单不饱和脂肪酸、多不饱和脂肪酸含量最高,其二十二碳五烯酸+二十二碳六烯酸(EPA+DHA)显著高于天然青蟹,且部分不饱和脂肪酸含量显著高于天然青蟹、混饵养殖青蟹和单饵养殖青蟹。从蛋白质、总氨基酸、必需氨基酸和不饱和脂肪酸的含量来看,生态青蟹的含量最高;从EAAI和F来看,藤壶青蟹的评价最高,说明2种红树林生态修复产出的青蟹品质较好。     

拟穴青蟹形态性状与性腺重量的相关分析

选取16月龄池塘养殖雌性拟穴青蟹(Scylla paramamosain)67只,测量其头胸甲长(X1)、头胸甲宽(X2)、腹部宽(X3)、体重(X4)和性腺重(Y),利用相关分析和通径分析方法计算形态性状对性腺重的相关系数、通径系数和决定系数,明确影响拟穴青蟹性腺重的主要形态性状,为拟穴青蟹选育提供理论依据和技术支持.结果表明,形态性状与性腺重相关性极显著(P＜0.01),其中体重对性腺重的直接影响和决定程度最大(0.736,54.2％),腹部宽次之,头胸甲长最小.通过头胸甲长、腹部宽和体重估计性腺重的多元回归方程为:Y=14.467-1.556X1+1.626X3+0.245X4 (R2=0.499).     

Immunocytological evidence for the presence of vertebrate FSH- and LH-like substances in the brain and thoracic ganglion of the swimming crab，Portunus trituberculatus

Investigating the distribution of follicle stimulating hormone （FSH） and luteinizing hormone （LH） in the swimming crab, Portunus trituberculatus, helps in the understanding of its reproductive regulation mechanism. This study has detected the location of vertebrate FSH- and LH-like substances in the brain and the thoracic ganglion mass with immunocytochemical techniques. Their immunoreaction is very weak or negative during the immature period and the post-spawning period, while it is stronger in the mature period. Localization of FSH-like immunoreactive cells resembles that of LH-like cells. These immunoreactive cells were observed chiefly in the anterior median cell-duster of the protocerebrum with stronger immunostaining. There were only a few in the inboard cell-cluster of the olfactory lobe of the deutocerebrum and the posterior cell-cluster of the tritocerebrum. Immunoreactive cells were located in all the three ganglia in the thoracic ganglion mass. These results indicated that substances resembling the vertebrate FSH and LH exist in P. trituberculatus, and their expression has some correlation with the developmental stage of ovaries, thus they might engage in the ovary development and ovulation.     

Immunocytological evidence for the presence of vertebrate FSH and LH-like substances in the brain and thoracic ganglion of the swimming crab, Portunus trituberculatus

Investigating the distribution of follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) in the swimming crab, Portunus trituberculatus, helps in the understanding of its reproductive regulation mechanism. This study has detected the location of vertebrate FSH- and LH-like substances in the brain and the thoracic ganglion mass with immunocytochemical techniques. Their immunoreaction is very weak or negative during the immature period and the post-spawning period, while it is stronger in the mature period. Localization of FSH-like immunoreactive cells resembles that of LH-tike cells. These immunoreactive cells were observed chiefly in the anterior median cell-cluster of the protocerebrum with stronger immunostaining. There were only a few in the inboard cell-cluster of the olfactory lobe of the deutocerebrum and the posterior cell-cluster of the tritocerebrum. Immunoreactive cells were located in all the three ganglia in the thoracic ganglion mass. These results indicated that substances resembling the vertebrate FSH and LH exist in P. trituberculatus, and their expression has some correlation with the developmental stage of ovaries, thus they might engage in the ovary development and ovulation.     

假高粱、黑高梁和高粱细胞学指标比较及其生态学意义

假高粱(Sorghum halepense(L.)Pers.)是世界十大恶性杂草之一.黑高粱(S.almum Parodi)和高粱(S.bicolor(L.)Moench)是假高粱的两种近缘种,其中黑高粱有入侵性,高粱则为栽培植物,不表现出入侵性.为了解影响植物入侵能力的生物学因素,比较了高粱属3种植物根尖分生组织细胞的染色体、细胞核、细胞大小和细胞有丝分裂指数.结果表明,高粱染色体平均投影面积最大,其次是黑高粱,假高粱的最小;就细胞和细胞核大小而言,都是高粱最大、其次是黑高粱和假高粱;在25~35℃的温度范围内,高粱根尖分生区细胞的有丝分裂速率最低,假高粱的最高.3种植物的种子(颖果)以高粱最大,黑高粱和假高粱的显著小,幼苗相对生长速率以高粱最小,假高粱的最高.3种植物的细胞分裂速率与其染色体、细胞核、细胞和种子大小存在显著相关,表明入侵性植物往往具有较小的分生组织细胞、细胞核和种子,但是有相对高的细胞分裂速率和幼苗相对干重.因此,根尖分生组织细胞学指标在高粱属植物入侵能力评估上有潜在应用价值.     

广西北部湾大宗海水养殖鱼类卵形鲳鲹感染溶藻弧菌及其致病性研究

【目的】2016年广西钦州湾近海网箱养殖的卵形鲳鲹(Trachinotus ovatus)发生以体表皮肤溃烂、皮下出血、内脏器官病变为典型症状的细菌性疾病,通过对患病卵形鲳鲹中病原菌进行分离、鉴定与保存,为后续开展病原菌快速检测技术和防控技术等研究,以及控制相关病原菌在海水养殖中的暴发和流行奠定基础。【方法】利用LB平板和TCBS平板从患病卵形鲳鲹体表溃烂病灶、肾脏、肝脏组织中分离纯化疑似病原菌,并对其进行常规形态特征和生理生化反应的生物学检验,通过16SrDNA基因测序对疑似病原菌株进行分子生物学鉴定,在细胞和鱼体水平开展病原菌的致病性研究,同时进行人工感染的回接试验。【结果】分离得到4株疑似病原菌(TOQZ01,TOQZ02,TOQZ03,TOQZ04),基于其表型、分子生物学特征和进化关系,判定4株菌株均为弧菌属的溶藻弧菌(Vibrio alginolyticus),且细胞毒性试验和回归试验证实,分离得到的溶藻弧菌为此次卵形鲳鲹发病的病原菌。【结论】溶藻弧菌是引起广西沿海地区海水养殖鱼类发生细菌性鱼病的主要致病菌之一,未来将基于本研究中分离得到的溶藻弧菌开展病害快速检测技术和防控技术等现代海水生态健康养殖关键技术研究,以实现对广西海水养殖溶藻弧菌病的快速诊断、实时监控和有效预防。     

桂西北光皮桦和马尾松人工幼林生长量的比较研究

为了进一步弄清桂西北种植光皮桦(Betula luminfera)的生长量,于1997年4月在广西林朵林场营造光皮桦人工纯林,与马尾松纯林进行对比研究,结果表明:3.5年生光皮桦林分的平均树高、平均胸径和平均蓄积量分别为7.42 m、7.50 cm和30.06 m³·hm^-2,分别比同龄马尾松林分的平均高(4.58m)、平均胸径(4.96cm)、平均蓄积(18.193m³/hm²)提高62.0%、51.2%和65.3%。说明该区营造光皮桦人工幼林的生长量较大,建议在相似立地条件下局部推广营造光皮桦人工林。     

褐家鼠和黄胸鼠取食行为研究

在４５ｍ２室内人工模拟自然条件下进行褐家鼠和黄胸鼠取食行为生态学特征的研究。观察结果显示，两种鼠对所提供的食物的日平均取食量和觅食时所付出的活动行为强度均无明显差异，但在日内的７时、１５时和２３时之间的摄食量和活动量的差异均极显著。当所提供的食物源有选择机会时，褐家鼠选择的平均取食量是玉米碎＞稻谷＞大米；黄胸鼠是玉米碎＞大米＞稻谷，无食物选择机会时褐家鼠的取食量是稻谷＞玉米碎＞大米；黄胸鼠是大米＞玉米碎＞稻谷。褐家鼠和黄胸鼠在寻找选择食物的过程中，通常付出的活动行为强度（量）是２３时点＞７时点＞１５时点。褐家鼠和黄胸鼠的取食行为特征表现可用“摄食时间＋食物源＋行为反应”的模式表示。同时指出鼠的取食行为与防治实践之间关系的重要性。     

黑曲霉木聚糖酶基因xynB的克隆及在酿酒酵母中的表达

从黑曲霉(Aspergillus niger)克隆木聚糖酶基因xynB,利用重叠延伸PCR法去除其中的内含子.将该基因与质粒pYES2连接,构建真核表达载体,用醋酸锂化转法导人酿酒酵母(Sacharom yces cerevisiae)INVSC1菌株表达.利用α信号肽替换基因原信号肽,以考察信号肽对表达蛋白分泌的影响.结果获得2株重组菌株,分别为xynB连接原信号肽的pYES2-xynB菌株和xynB连接α信号肽的pYES2-xynB-α菌株.木聚糖酶B成功表达,SDS-PAGE检测到约24kDa目的蛋白质条带.木聚糖酶B最适催化温度为50℃,最适催化pH值为5.0,Mn2+对酶活具有强烈的抑制作用.将α信号肽取代原信号肽使酶活达到最高的诱导时间由72h缩短为48h,但是置换信号肽使最高酶活由7.59U降低为3.97U.     

Developmental study on the immunocytochemical localization of NOV protein-containing neurons in the rat brain

The localization and development of nephroblastoma overexpressed gene (nov) protein-immunoreactive neurons in the brain of E8-P300 rats have been studied using immunocytochemistry and image analysis. Results are as follows: No NOV protein-immunoreactive cells were detected in the rat brain during prenatal development. A few of positive cells were detected at the early postnatal stage. However, the number and the immunoreactivity of these cells increased gradually at later stages. NOV-immunoreactive cells were widely distributed in the rat brain during P30–P60. The number of immunoreactive cells and their intensity also peaked within this stage. The number and staining intensity of NOV-positive cells decreased gradually with age. The positive cells were mainly located in cingulate cortex, striatum, hippocampus, hypothalamus, cerebellum and brain stem. The present results indicate thatnov may play an important role in the development and differentiation of brain as well as maintaining the function of brain.     

广东汕尾凹顶藻类(红藻门)的形态分类学研究

为了解中国南海北部凹顶藻物种的多样性以及加快该地的凹顶藻属物种资源开发和利用,本研究利用形态学和解剖学方法,对采自广东汕尾的大型海洋红藻凹顶藻类(Laurencia Complex)进行分类学研究。经鉴定共发现4个物种,即波状软凹藻(Chondrophycus undulatus (Yamada)Garbary et Harper)、凹顶藻(Laurencia chinensis Tseng)、三列凹顶藻(Lt.risticha Tseng,Chang,Xia et Xia)和小瘤栅凹藻(Palisada parvipapillata (Tseng)Nam)。文中对此4种凹顶藻类物种的内、外部形态特征进行了较详细的描述与介绍,并结合生物冷冻切片技术,获得了各个物种较清晰的解剖学特征图片,对未来凹顶藻类物种的鉴定提供一定分类学意义。     

广西斑点叉尾鮰源嗜水气单胞菌灭活疫苗的制备

本研究针对广西地区分离到的致病性嗜水气单胞菌,开发区域定制化的灭活疫苗,以实现鱼病的有效预防和控制。首先,对斑点叉尾鮰源嗜水气单胞菌在LB培养基中的生长曲线,培养基的最适pH值,以及培养基中添加蔗糖对嗜水气单胞菌生长影响进行研究;随后探索嗜水气单胞菌灭活疫苗的制备方法,并在细胞水平和斑点叉尾鮰活体水平上研究疫苗的安全性,开展疫苗对斑点叉尾鮰的免疫保护实验。结果表明嗜水气单胞菌浓度与菌液OD值间具有较好的线性关系,其回归方程为y=2E-10x+0.1399,R2=0.975 4。用于培养嗜水气单胞菌的LB培养基最适pH值为7.0～7.5,且在培养基中添加蔗糖能显著促进嗜水气单胞菌的生长。研究制备的嗜水气单胞菌灭活疫苗在细胞水平和鱼活体水平均安全无毒,且对斑点叉尾鮰的免疫保护率可达到75%。据此,本研究初步建立起广西斑点叉尾鮰源嗜水气单胞菌灭活疫苗的制备工艺。     

广西存在安布闭壳龟的初步查考

作者于１９９１年在１９９２年两次带着安布闭壳龟的活动标本，深入上思县思阳镇，钦州市大直镇等地进行了野外调查和访问，获得安布闭壳龟的幼体背甲标本２个，一背甲标本１个。在调查中虽没获得活体标本，但两次调查所得资料表明广西的十万大山很可能生存有安布闭壳龟。     

苦荞CCT基因家族生物信息学及表达分析

CCT转录因子在调控植物花期、生长发育及抗非生物胁迫等方面发挥着重要的功能。本研究以拟南芥AtCCT基因家族为参考序列,利用本地BLAST并结合保守结构域等生物信息学工具,筛选出苦荞FtCCT基因家族成员,并对其理化性质、染色体分布、基因结构、系统进化及表达水平进行分析。结果显示:从苦荞中共鉴定出35个FtCCT基因,含1-8个内含子;编码蛋白有117-753个氨基酸残基,等电点为4.96-9.51,均为亲水性蛋白。染色体定位分析表明,这些基因在8条染色体上均有分布。苦荞FtCCT基因家族含有10个保守基序和5个保守结构域,且都含有CCT保守结构域。系统进化分析表明,苦荞的FtCCT基因家族与拟南芥一样可分为3个亚家族,其中CMF亚家族的成员最多。35个FtCCT基因在苦荞根、茎、叶和花中的表达水平具有差异性,在叶和花中具有高表达量的成员较多,只有少数的成员在根和茎中高表达。本研究为进一步解析CCT基因调控苦荞花期及生长发育奠定基础。     

南亚热带杉木、红锥人工林碳储量及分配特征

明确南亚热带杉木(Cunnighamia lanceolata)、红锥(Castanopsis hystrix)人工林碳储量及分配特征,可为应对全球气候变化研究提供基础数据,为碳汇林业发展提供科学依据。以我国亚热带地区广泛栽培的杉木人工林和红锥人工林为研究对象,以相对生长方程计算林木生物量,实测林下植被生物量、林木和林下植被各组分含碳率、土壤含碳率等,进而分析不同人工林的碳储量及分配规律。结果表明:(1)人工林生态系统不同组分的含碳率存在一定差异,虽然杉木和红锥的全株含碳率相差无几,分别为48.04%和47.80%,但林下植被和土壤表层的含碳率差别较大,林下植被含碳率为40.84%—47.73%(杉木林)、36.69%—43.76%(红锥林);土壤表层含碳率为2.28%—3.30%;(2)杉木人工林乔木层碳储量(71.48t/hm~2)、林下植被碳储量(1.533t/hm~2)显著高于红锥人工林乔木层碳储量(51.82t/hm~2)和林下植被碳储量(1.185t/hm2),而红锥人工林枯落物层碳储量(0.673t/hm2)显著高于杉木人工林(0.386t/hm~2);(3)杉木人工林的皮、叶、根碳储量显著高于红锥人工林,相反,红锥人工林的枝碳储量(8.04t/hm~2)显著高于杉木人工林(6.00t/hm~2);(4)杉木人工林生态系统碳储量(217.56t/hm~2)与红锥人工林生态系统碳储量(195.05t/hm~2)无显著差异,土壤和乔木层是人工林生态系统的主要碳库,分别占生态系统碳储量的66.37%—72.81%和26.59%—32.93%。杉木人工林乔木层、林下植被和生态系统碳储量均高于红锥人工林,红锥人工林枯落物碳储量显著高于杉木人工林,杉木是发展碳汇林的较好树种。     

鱼用催产激素在倒刺鲃属(Spinibarbus)鱼类人工繁殖中的应用进展

倒刺鲃属(Spinibarbus)鱼类是我国地方特色鱼类,其人工繁殖必须借助催产激素。近年来,倒刺鲃属鱼类鱼苗需求激增,供不应求。本文从神经系统和内分泌激素对鱼类性腺发育成熟的调节、倒刺鲃属鱼类的繁殖习性、鱼用催产激素种类、倒刺鲃属鱼类催产激素和使用剂量、催产激素的使用方式和配制等方面综述了鱼用催产激素在倒刺鲃属鱼类人工繁殖中的应用进展,以期为倒刺鲃属鱼类规模化生产提供理论基础和实践方案。     

龙虾叶状幼体弧菌病防治的研究

对龙虾叶状幼体弧菌病采用多项措施，多种药物防治对比试验研究，总结出用沙－活性炭过滤海水，减少水体病原菌量，用漂白粉消毒水池和用具，杜绝污染源，用土毒素药浴亲虾，避免病原菌由卵带入，选用体格健壮的中年亲虾，保证孵化出的叶状幼体有旺盛的生命力，投放光合细菌、金藻、扁藻、丰年虫幼体、文蛤肉喂叶状幼体，改善叶状幼体营养，增强叶状幼体抗病力，利用光合细菌加速培育水体中有机物分解，净化水质，恶化病原菌生存环境     

3种苏铁属植物总黄酮、总多糖含量及抗氧化活性研究

为探究锈毛苏铁(Cycas ferruginea)、叉孢苏铁(C.segmentifida)和石山苏铁(C.sexseminifera) 3种苏铁属(Cycas)植物的总黄酮、总多糖含量以及抗氧化活性,本研究采用超声波辅助法对其根、叶柄、叶、雄球花、茎干的总黄酮及总多糖含量进行提取,以DPPH自由基(DPPH·)、羟自由基(·OH)、超氧阴离子自由基(O^-₂·)清除率评价其抗氧化活性,并采用Pearson相关性分析法分析相关性。结果表明：锈毛苏铁、叉孢苏铁和石山苏铁叶的总黄酮含量较高,大小依次为锈毛苏铁(8.61 mg·100 mg^-1)>叉孢苏铁(7.82 mg·100 mg^-1)>石山苏铁(1.04 mg·100 mg^-1);茎干中总多糖含量最高,大小依次为叉孢苏铁(28.32 mg·100 mg^-1)>石山苏铁(24.43 mg·100 mg^-1)>锈毛苏铁(16.59 mg·100 mg^-1<...