陶瓷膜处理地表水的工艺

采用混凝沉降与陶瓷膜超滤的组合工艺处理地表水,考察操作模式、膜孔径、膜构型以及膜通量等对膜过滤性能的影响.结果表明:在恒压操作下,终端过滤的操作压差应小于0.075 MPa,对于孔径大于50nm的陶瓷膜而言,膜通量随孔径变化不大;错流过滤的膜通量随孔径增大而增大;错流过滤的渗透通量是终端过滤的1.5 -2.2倍.恒通量操作下,蜂窝陶瓷膜过滤性能优于19通道陶瓷膜,并在恒通量150 L/( m2.h)下稳定运行.混凝沉降-陶瓷膜组合工艺对浊度的去除率大于99%,对吸收254 nm波长紫外线有机物(UV254)的去除率大于47.7%,产品水的部分指标优于GB 5749-2006中的指标.     

酪蛋白的聚集态及其膜分离

采用孔径分别为50、200和500 nm的陶瓷膜处理碱性酪蛋白水溶液,考察操作条件及pH对过滤通量和截留率的影响,并研究酪蛋白胶束在不同pH下的聚集行为.结果表明:采用孔径为200 nm的陶瓷膜过滤1 g/L的酪蛋白溶液,在pH=13,操作压差0.10 MPa,膜面流速3.0 m/s条件下,可获得膜通量266 L/(m2·h)和酪蛋白截留率71.8％,综合效果好.酪蛋白的胶束尺寸和黏度随pH的增大而增大.膜过滤通量随pH增大而减小 ;截留率随pH增大而增大.     

陶瓷膜分离钛硅分子筛的实验与模型计算

在面向过程的陶瓷膜材料设计理论模型的基础上,以TS-1钛硅分子筛悬浮液固液分离为应用体系,计算了陶瓷膜分离过程的操作条件与渗透性能的关系,与实验结果有良好的一致性.计算表明,对于平均粒径为290 nm的钛硅分子筛体系,陶瓷膜存在最优孔径区间(200～300 am),使膜保持高渗透通量.孔径小于200nm时膜通量随孔径增大而增大,孔径大于300 nm时膜通量随孔径增大而减小;采用孔径为200 nm的陶瓷膜过滤钛硅分子筛,渗透通量随时间的变化关系与模型预测结果一致,稳定通量达到800L/(m2·h).     

GO/PVDF超滤膜的表征及处理造纸废水的过滤特性

以氧化石墨烯(GO)掺杂聚偏氟乙烯(PVDF)制备的GO/PVDF平板膜为研究对象,研究膜的过滤特性和过滤阻力分布,并考察不同孔径的膜对造纸废水的处理效果。结果表明:随着GO掺量的增大,膜的亲水性以及抗污染性增强,膜的热稳定性增强。添加2%GO的膜的接触角为63.1°,纯水通量和牛血清蛋白(BSA)通量分别达到595和121 L/(m2·h),对BSA的截留率为74%;BSA溶液过滤过程中表面沉积阻力占主导,物理清洗后,膜的纯水通量恢复率低于55%;化学清洗后,膜的纯水通量恢复率大于96%。大孔径(1和2μm)膜处理造纸废水,因膜孔堵塞,通量迅速衰减,小孔径(0.15、0.3和0.55μm)膜的稳定通量随孔径的增大而增大。     

钛白废酸中FeSO4对陶瓷膜渗透通量的影响

采用陶瓷膜处理钛白废酸,着重考察了FeSO4对陶瓷膜过滤通量的影响;比较了不同浓度的FeSO4、H2SO4等对膜渗透通量的影响,FeSO4浓度升高,膜通量降低;考察了不同温度下膜通量的变化趋势,认为温度低于20℃,膜孔内和表面出现了FeSO4结晶,导致膜污染加重,膜渗透通量极小,该现象可以通过提高体系操作温度并在合适的反冲条件下加以克服,获得560L/(m2·h)的渗透通量.     

PVB超滤膜污染特性及其在MBR中的应用

采用连续制膜技术制备了平片式聚乙烯醇缩丁醛(PVB)超滤膜。该膜室温下平均纯水通量为0.02 L/(m2.h.Pa),对牛血清白蛋白(BSA)的平均截留率为25.0%(BSA水溶液质量浓度0.5 g/L)。通过终端过滤实验,以活性污泥混合液为处理对象,分析了PVB超滤膜过滤过程中的膜污染特性。结果表明:沉积层阻力占总过滤阻力的70%以上,是PVB膜过滤活性污泥混合液过程中污染阻力的主要组成部分;将制备的PVB超滤膜应用于好氧膜生物反应器(MBR)处理生活污水中,PVB-MBR系统在膜通量12 L/(m2.h)条件下运行105 d,期间未对膜进行任何人为清洗,系统抽吸压力能够在-16~-22 kPa间维持稳定,且系统出水的主要水质指标完全符合国家城镇污水处理厂污染物排放一级A的标准。     

肌苷发酵液的陶瓷膜过滤研究

以工业化陶瓷膜考察了肌苷发酵液在不同浓缩比下的拟稳定通量、粘度及湿固含量变化,在此基础上,将发酵液进、出口调换,可使膜通量提高;分析了水洗方式对肌苷含量及膜通量的影响;探讨了膜的污染机理,提出了有效的膜清洗方法.结果表明:200 nm膜适宜于肌苷发酵液的膜过滤,按流加率4%加入洗水有利于菌体的洗涤,不可逆污染阻力Rf在总阻力中占主要地位,有效的化学清洗方法是:用1%NaOH和0.2%NaClO混合溶液清洗膜40 min后,再以0.5%HNO3溶液清洗5 min,膜通量可迅速恢复.图7,表2,参8.     

无机陶瓷膜在液体树脂浓缩过程中的性能分析

采用无机陶瓷膜处理液体树脂,考察分析了无机陶瓷膜过滤操作条件.结果表明无机陶瓷膜过滤操作条件为:平均进口压力400 kPa,平均出口压力200 kPa;操作温度小于50℃;浓缩倍数在40倍以上,膜通量在95～120 dm3/(m2·h)之间.用去离子水在45℃下清洗2次,膜通量可以恢复到实验前的水平.     

NF-RO组合膜处理大豆乳清废水

采用芳香聚酰胺纳滤膜和反渗透膜处理模拟大豆乳清废水,研究溶液浓度、操作压力、膜面流速、pH等对渗透通量与截留效果的影响,并探讨蛋白污染膜的清洗条件。研究结果表明:在一定操作压力下,渗透通量随着料液浓度的增加而减小,随膜面流速的增加而增加;对一定浓度的原料液,在操作压力小于0.7 MPa时,渗透通量随压力的增大而增大,当操作压力大于0.7 MPa时,渗透通量不再随压力的增大而增大;大豆乳清废水的等电点pH为4.5,当pH大于等电点时,渗透通量和截留率随pH的增大而增大;芳香聚酰胺反渗透膜对纳滤透过液的NaCl截留率在90%以上;蛋白污染纳滤膜经pH=10的NaOH溶液清洗后,通量可完全恢复。     

序批式膜生物反应器运行中膜污染及控制研究

研究了序批式膜生物反应器在5种MLSS浓度和3种曝气强度下的临界通量以及在特定条件下运行的膜污染特征及控制.结果表明,临界通量随MLSS浓度增大呈减小趋势,MLSS浓度在一定范围内时增加曝气强度能增大临界通量.在污泥浓度为8 000mg·L-1、曝气量为0.3m3·h-1、膜通量为15L·m-2·h-1的条件下膜生物反应器以序批方式运行,膜污染以0.126kPa·d-1的速率平稳缓慢增长,没有出现急剧的跨膜压力(TMP)跃升,粉末活性炭的加入有效地减缓了膜污染.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with     

Journal of Donghua University ( English Edition) Contents of Volume 31

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Brief Introduction to “Journal of Jilin University( Science Edition) ”

<正>"Journal of Jilin University(Science Edition)"is a comprehensive academic journal in the fields of science sponsored by Jilin University and administrated by the Ministry of Education of the Peoples Republic of China.The journal started publication in 1955.The original name at starting publication was"Journal of Natural Science of Northeast People University",which was changed into"Acta Scientiarum Naturalium Universitatis Jilinensis"in 1958 owing to the name change of the university.The present journal name has