布洛芬固定膜TiO2光催化降解特性研究

采用小型光催化反应装置,以溶胶-凝胶法负载于玻璃纤维网上的固定膜TiO2为催化剂对布洛芬(IBP)进行光催化降解,分析了吸附、光解、IBP初始浓度、溶液初始pH和投加H2O2剂量对TiO2催化剂降解布洛芬的影响,并考察了IBP的矿化过程,对IBP降解中间产物进行定性分析.结果表明:吸附作用和在UV365下光解作用对降解布洛芬的影响不明显;IBP在较低浓度范围内,其降解呈伪一级反应,反应速率常数随初始浓度增大而减小;随着溶液初始pH的增大,IBP的光催化降解速率逐渐降低;H2O2投加剂量对IBP光催化降解影响显著,这是IBP在水中存在状态和TiO2界面电荷性质受到pH影响所致,为提高光催化降解布洛芬速率,较适宜的H2O2投加剂量为2.5 mg/L左右.光催化对IBP有较好的矿化作用.LC-MS分析表明,·OH攻击作用是IBP光催化降解的基本途径.     

商用纳米TiO2对罗丹明B溶液的光催化降解性能

本实验采用P25(商用纳米TiO2)为光催化剂,以罗丹明B溶液的降解为模型反应,讨论了降解体系pH值及外加氧化剂H2O2的用量对罗丹明B溶液降解效果的影响.实验结果表明,在250W汞灯的照射下,单独使用P25,140 min时罗丹明B的降解率低于5％,但增加体系的酸度或者加入一定量氧化剂H2O2时,P25对罗丹明B的降解率有明显改善.当pH值为3,加入1.5mLH2O2时,80 min时罗丹明B的降解率即可达到90％以上,而当pH值为6时,需加入5mL H2O2,120 min时罗丹明B的降解率才能达到90％以上.     

UV-TiO_2/硅藻土光催化降解DMF的影响因素分析

为探讨废水中DMF光催化氧化的降解规律,采用溶胶-凝胶法水解钛酸四丁酯制备硅藻土负载TiO2复合光催化剂.以DMF溶液的光催化降解为模型反应,研究了初始质量浓度、催化剂质量浓度、pH值、光强、外加双氧水等因素对DMF去除效果的影响.结果表明:随初始质量浓度增加,光强增大,H2O2用量增加,去除率提高;去除DMF的最佳催化剂质量浓度为2~4g/L,pH为5.36;在初始质量浓度为200mg/L、紫外灯功率为300W时,最大去除率达89.3%.设计正交实验确定了各因素对光催化降解DMF反应影响的重要性为:光照时间>初始质量浓度>光照强度>H2O2浓度>催化剂质量浓度.     

光催化过程中氧及过氧化氢对氧化钛的效应

由TiO2、TiO2/H2O2、H2O2以及在水溶液中通入空气等光催化条件组成几种不同的光催化体系,在254nm、2.4mw/cm2紫外条件下,光催化降解甲基橙染料,研究光催化过程中氧与过氧化氢对氧化钛光催化的协同作用,实验结果表明氧化钛光催化降解甲基橙染料时,在0.1%的氧化钛水溶液中添加0.02%的过氧化氢,能够提高甲基橙的光催化降解速率6倍以上;通入5L/min的空气,由于氧分子与氧化钛表面电子的作用,减少了光催化过程中的电子与空穴的复合几率,增加了活性羟基自由基的生成,也能够提高光催化速率3倍以上.     

Bi2O3-Ni2O3粉末气相光催化降解苯

本文制备了Bi2O3-Ni2O3纳米粉末,对其结构进行了表征,并研究了制备的纳米粉末对苯光催化降解的影响因素。结果表明:制备的纳米粉末由Bi2O3和Ni2O3复合而成,经750℃焙烧的光催化剂对苯光催化降解活性最高;水蒸气的加入和氧气的增加,都能促进苯的降解率增大;由Langmuir-Hinshelwood动力学模型得出苯的光催化降解反应的吸附常数和反应速率常数分别为0.1398L·μmol-1和0.0024μmol·L-1·min-1。     

纳米二氧化钛光催化降解硝基甲苯类废水的试验研究

采用纳米TiO2悬浮体系在循环式光催化反应器中处理硝基甲苯类废水,考察了TiO2投加量,H2O2投加量和pH值对光催化降解效率的影响.结果表明:2,6-二硝基甲苯和4-硝基甲苯的初始浓度分别为100mg/L和60mg/L,TiO2投加量为0.1g/L,H2O2投加量为0.1ml/L,pH值为3时,光催化反应2h,2,6-二硝基甲苯和4-硝基甲苯的去除率最高,分别为58.8%和68.6%.硝基甲苯浓度不高时,光催化降解反应符合准一级动力学方程.     

P25/SnO2复合催化剂光催化降解活性艳红X-3B的研究

采用溶胶-凝胶法制备P25/SnO2复合催化剂,以活性艳红X-3B溶液光催化降解反应为模型,研究各种因素对活性艳红X-3B光催化降解的影响.实验结果表明:P25/SnO2复合催化剂适宜用量为4g/L,溶液pH为6左右,活性艳红X-3B溶液初始浓度40 mg/L,加入H2O2 2 mL/L,60 min左右活性艳红X-3B降解率可达到95.8%,降解反应动力学符合一级反应.     

纳米Fe_2O_3光催化降解邻苯二甲酸二正辛酯的研究

采用水热合成法,制备了具有中空状的氧化铁(Fe2O3)粒子,然后以卤素灯为光源,以邻苯二甲酸二正辛酯(DOP)水溶液为研究对象,详细探讨了Fe2O3的浓度、DOP的初始浓度、p H值及H2O2浓度等因素对DOP光催化降解效率的影响,并采用GC-MS联用技术对DOP的光催化降解机理进行了研究.结果表明,在不需添加H2O2时,当Fe2O3粒子添加量为100 mg/L、DOP初始质量浓度为20 mg/L及p H值为7时,DOP光催化降解速率最大;降解过程中首先从苯环支链开始降解,之后发生苯环开环,最终矿化为CO2和H2O.     

Cu_2O/TNAs的制备及其对VOCs的降解动力学

光催化技术由于反应条件温和,适宜于降解汽车内部的有机挥发性物质(VOCs).为了提高可见光的利用率和自然光照下对VOCs的光催化降解速率,本文采用阳极氧化法+电沉积法制备了掺杂Cu2O的复合钛纳米管阵列(TNAs),并对其进行了SEM、EDX、XRD及UV-Vis表征.结果表明,Cu2O纳米颗粒均布于TNAs的管壁及表层,复合纳米管阵列对可见光的吸收较纯TNAs提高了.通过反应动力学分析发现,Cu2O和O2对TNAs光催化降解VOCs有协同作用,Cu2O/TNAs对VOCs的光催化降解服从一阶反应动力学.研究了反应温度、反应气体中氧含量、催化剂Cu含量及相对湿度对VOCs降解速率常数的影响,拟合了光催化降解VOCs的速率常数函数式,由模型得出,Cu2O/TNAs含Cu量为31.37%,被处理气体中含氧量为36.92%,相对湿度为33.71%时,速率常数最大.建立并验证了VOCs一阶降解模型,模型值与实测值的误差小于20%.     

悬浮态TiO2光催化降解偶氮染料中性深黄GL

采用紫外杀菌灯作为光源,以悬浮态TiO2为光降解催化剂进行了偶氮染料中性深黄GL的光催化降解研究.讨论了体系的pH值、催化剂的投入量、通气量以及起始浓度等因素对光催化降解中性深黄GL效率的影响.结果表明中性深黄GL的光催化降解适宜条件为pH=2.00;催化剂的投入量为1.4 g/L;通气量为300 mL/min.光降解100 min,脱色率可达96%,降解后的染料已基本无色.动力学研究表明中性深黄GL的光催化降解符合一级动力学规律.在λ=436 nm处,中性深黄GL的光最大降解速率Kdmax=一1.364 3 mg/(L@min),催化降解的表观反应速率常数k=0.026 8 min-1.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that