气液在高H／D比搅抖式鼓泡塔中气含率及压降的研究

利用φ28mm玻璃搅拌式鼓泡塔，在高径比H／D＝50、分段数N＝3－23和变搅拌转数h下测定空气－－水系统在塔内作并流流动时的气含率与压降，分析了两相流气速，流速，分段数及搅拌转数对气含率和压降的影响，所得经验关联式与实验数据进行了较好的吻合，结果表明该装置具有延长气泡停留时间，提高气含率及利于界面传质的优点。     

气一液一固三相流化床流动特性的研究

研究了气速、液速、液相粘度和表面张力对三相流化床平均压降的影响。根据得到的数据,获得了如下的计算平均压降的关系式: ΔP/H=ΔP~*/H-6.49U_g~(0.88)U_e~(-0.10)μ_e~(0.06)σ_e~(-0.32) 研究了气速和液速对相含率的影响。从本文得到的数据可以看到,气含率与气速的0.82次幂成正比;与液速的0.48次幂成反比。液含率与气速、液速未能直接整理成幂函数型关连式,但可以整理成如式(13)的关系式。用示踪剂稳态注入法测定了气速与液速对1毫米玻璃球—空气—水系统的液相返混的影响。结果表明,混合长度与气速的0.204次幂成正比;与液速的0.834次幂成反比。     

固体颗粒对强化传递性质的多相气升式反应器流体力学影响

研究了加入机械搅拌和静态混合器后对多相气升式反应器流体力学性能的促进作用,重点考察固体颗粒的直径、固含率(固体质量分数,下同)对液体循环速度、气含率(气体体积分数,下同)等的影响。实验证明,对液体循环速度来说,在多相流中并非通气量、搅拌转速越大越好。对气含率而言,多相气升式反应器不但存在临界颗粒直径和临界固含率,还存在一个临界表观气速,在此气速以下,才能产生气含率随固含率增加而增加的现象。最后对气含率、固含率及能量耗散速率作了关联。     

热态气-液多层桨搅拌槽内的气液分散和传质性能

在直径为0.30 m的不锈钢搅拌槽中,采用半椭圆管盘式涡轮(HEDT)为底桨,上提操作的宽叶翼形桨(WHU)为中、上层桨的三层组合桨,研究了25~80℃范围内气-液两相体系中的气液分散和传质性能。结果表明,气含率随温度升高而明显降低,80℃时的气含率仅为25℃时气含率的58.8%;容积传质系数(kLa)受温度的影响很小,温度从25℃上升到80℃,kLa仅增大了2%,理论计算得出80℃下kLa比25℃下增大4%,与实验值基本相符;依实验数据关联得到不同温度下的气含率和kLa与温度、功率和表观气速的经验关联式以及无因次准数关联式,关联式计算值与实验值误差在±10%以内。通过对比经验关联式中功耗、表观气速和温度的指数可以看出,气含率受温度影响最大,表观气速对气含率的影响大于功耗对气含率的影响;而功耗对kLa的影响最大,功耗影响的指数分别是表观气速和温度对kLa影响指数的2倍和4倍。     

结构化反应器床层中两相流动特性实验研究

以空气-水为介质,分别以喷嘴和填充直径1mm玻璃珠的30cm高的床层为分布器,在表观液速为0.0522～0.1306m/s,表观气速为0.0739～0.5171m/s,气液并流向下的操作条件下,测定了0.1m直径塔中,孔径分别为1.1和2.1mm的2种结构化催化剂床层中的总压降和液含率等流动参数。结果表明,床层总压降随着表观气速、表观液速的增大均增大。液含率随着表观气速的增大而减少,随着表观液速的增大而增大。通过对2种分布器的比较可以发现,相同条件下,以喷嘴为分布器的床层总压降和液含率比以玻璃珠为分布器的床层总压降和液含率小。比较2种床层可知,相同条件下,结构化催化剂的孔径越小,其床层总压降与液含率越大。此外,建立了能较好预测两相摩擦因子以及液含率的经验关联式,偏差在±15%以内。     

气升式反应器结构参数优化设计CFD仿真研究

气升式反应器是生物发酵生产过程中的重要设备,工业生产过程中要求反应器内保持较高的气含率和循环液速,从而提高气液传质效率.由于气升式反应器的导流简直径对气含率和循环液速有决定性影响,研究其结构参数优化设计具有重要意义;文章利用计算流体力学仿真软件研究了气升式反应器内的流动状态,给出了不同导流简直径下气含率和循环液速的变化趋势,发现了该结构参数存在最佳设计范围.     

淤浆床二甲醚合成反应器气含率

在淤浆床反应器中,考察了表观气速、催化剂同含率、液体种类对气含率的影响。结果表明：气含率随着表观气速的增加而增加。在空气-水体系中的气含率略大于空气-医用液体石蜡油-催化剂体系的气含率。并推测了经验气含率关联式。     

高固含率三相淤浆床反应器流体力学研究

在空气－水－甲醇合成催化剂，空气－液体石蜡油－甲醇合成催化剂两种系统中，研究了高固含率下，三相淤浆床反应器的气含率，床层压降，临界气速等流体力学性质；考察了各种因素的影响，并得到了气含率的经验关联式。     

温度对气-固-液三相搅拌反应器内气液分散特性的影响

在直径为0.476m的椭圆底搅拌槽中,采用以半椭圆管盘式涡轮（HEDT）为底桨、上提操作的宽叶翼形桨（WH_U）为中、上层桨的三层组合桨,研究24℃～95℃范围内不同温度下气-液-固体系中搅拌功率、气含率及固体颗粒完全离底悬浮特性。结果表明,体系相对功率需求（通气功率与不通气功率之比）RPD随温度的升高而增大,但随固含率的提高,温度对RPD的影响程度减弱。气含率随温度的升高而明显下降,其下降的幅度也随固含率增加而减小。本文结果及通气功率、气含率关联式对于工业热态通气三相搅拌反应器设计和操作具有一定的参考价值。     

三相下喷式环流反应器的气含率和传质性能

在三相非牛顿型流体体系中，对下喷式环流反应器的气含率和传质特性进行了实验研究。讨论了气速、液速、导流筒直径与反应器直径比、固体装填量、羧甲基纤维素钠溶液浓度及其流变特性对它们的影响。实验结果表明，气含率和传质系数随气速的增加而增加，而液速对其影响较小。在实验条件下，发现最优的导流筒直径与反应器直径比在０．４￣０．５这一范围，最优的固体装填量约为ψ＝０．０３，同时提出了气含率和容积传质系数的经验关联     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with     

Journal of Donghua University ( English Edition) Contents of Volume 31

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