Submerged culture of Magnetospirillum gryphiswaldense under N2-fixing condition and regulation of activity of nitrogen fixation

A submerged culture technique for Magnetospirillum gryphiswaldense under the nitrogen-fixing condition (microaerobic and N-limited) was set up. In N-limited medium with Na-lactate as a sole carbon source, the optical density (A_600nm) and activity of nitrogen fixation of cells were 1.3 and 217 nmol of ethylene produced per hour per A_600nm respectively within 21 h by three times of feeds. The pH and temperature were controlled at 7.2 and 30℃ respectively, and the oxygen concentration was controlled by sparging with N₂ containing 0.4%—0.8% of O₂. The activity of nitrogen fixation of cells was obviously inhibited by oxygen and ammonium. It indicated that the posttranslational regulation of nitrogenase existed in M. gryphiswaldense.     

桤木种源(家系)苗期根瘤固氮能力的遗传变异

对1年生桤木种源(家系)苗期的根瘤固氮能力进行研究，结果表明，桤木苗期的根瘤鲜重、固氮酶活性、固氮量在种源间和种源内家系间都存在着显或极显差异；根瘤个数种源间差异不显，种源内家系问差异极显。根瘤个数、根瘤鲜重、固氮酶活性和固氮量的种源遗传力分别为0．1760，0．9172，0．1199，0．1896，首次揭示出根瘤鲜重为高度遗传，而其他3个性状属于弱度遗传。根瘤鲜重、固氮酶活性和固氮量与生态梯度值(EGA)的正相关均达到显水平，呈以经度为主的梯度变异。     

Unicellular cyanobacteria fix N2 in the subtropical North Pacific Ocean

Fixed nitrogen (N) often limits the growth of organisms in terrestrial and aquatic biomes, and N availability has been important in controlling the CO2 balance of modern and ancient oceans. The fixation of atmospheric dinitrogen gas (N2) to ammonia is catalysed by nitrogenase and provides a fixed N for N-limited environments. The filamentous cyanobacterium Trichodesmium has been assumed to be the predominant oceanic N2-fixing microorganism since the discovery of N2 fixation in Trichodesmium in 1961 (ref. 6). Attention has recently focused on oceanic N2 fixation because nitrogen availability is generally limiting in many oceans, and attempts to constrain the global atmosphere-ocean fluxes of CO2 are based on basin-scale N balances. Biogeochemical studies and models have suggested that total N2-fixation rates may be substantially greater than previously believed but cannot be reconciled with observed Trichodesmium abundances. It is curious that there are so few known N2-fixing microorganisms in oligotrophic oceans when it is clearly ecologically advantageous. Here we show that there are unicellular cyanobacteria in the open ocean that are expressing nitrogenase, and are abundant enough to potentially have a significant role in N dynamics.     

复盐分解法制备纳米二氧化钛及其光催化降解偶氮染料性能研究

采用复盐热分解法制备了纳米二氧化钛,对其形貌和晶相进行了分析。600~700℃热分解产物为单一的锐钛矿相,晶粒尺寸约为25 nm。以双胺绿B等大分子量的偶氮染料分子作为光催化降解模型,评价了其在通氧条件下的光催化活性。结果表明,600℃热分解得到的光催化剂活性最好,对初始浓度100 mg/L双胺绿B溶液,通氧条件下90min的降解率为100%,与Degussa P25相当。     

用俄歇能谱研究热氮化SiO2膜中氮原子的扩散

应用俄歇电子能谱仪，对快速热氮化法制备的热氮化二氧化硅薄膜及快速热氮化后再氧化退火的二氧化硅薄膜，进行元素深度分布剖析。薄膜厚度约为６０ｎｍ。分析结果发现：１）氮原子在二氧化硅薄膜中的扩散范围受氧原子浓度的控制；２）热氮化二氧化硅薄膜经氧化退火处理后氮原子浓度降低，分布变得平缓，均匀。     

Gas and pressure effects on the synthesis of amorphous carbon nanotubes

The effects nf gas. pressure and temperature on the production of amorphous carbon nanotubes were investigated using an are discharging furnace at controlled temperature. Co/Ni alloy powder was used as catalyst. The discharge current was 80 A and voltage was 32 V The optimal parameters were obtained: 600℃ temperature, hydrogen gas and 500 torr pressure. The productivity and purity of amorphous carbon nanotubes are 6.5 gram per hour and 80%, respectively. The diameter of the amorphous carbon nanotubes is about 7—20 nm.     

大豆和花生根瘤菌氢酶的研究

根瘤菌在共生固氮过程中因放H2所消耗的能量约占固所氮总能量的40%-6%。吸氢酶则能回收和利用固氮过程所放的H2,养活能量损失,从而提高共生固氮效率。在厌氧条件下,加入防止酶蛋白聚合的试剂,利用DEAE-纤维素和Sephacry S-200柱层析,从自养性大豆根瘤菌和花生根瘤菌类菌体中分离并提纯膜结合态氢酶。纯化的两种氢酶表现相近的分子特征：均含有大（60kD,65kD)、小（30kD,35kD)两个亚基,均为NiFe-氢酶,并且有较高的吸H2活性。大豆根瘤菌氢酶的纯酶组分不含Cyt b599。花生根瘤菌L8-3菌株能进行化能自养生长,诱导出高吸H2活性。根瘤菌的吸H2能明显提高固氮活性。从具有高吸H2活性的花生根瘤菌中分离并克隆吸氢基因,采用PCR和探针杂交技术,获得含有吸氢基因的质粒pZ-55。利用多种限制性内切酶构建了质粒pZ-55的物理图谱。通过三亲本杂交,将含吸氢基因的重组质粒转移到不吸H2的花生和毛豆根瘤菌中,所获得的结合株在自生和共生条件下均表达吸H2活性。以结合株接种大田花生,获得的共生根瘤的吸H2活性比接种受体株提高4倍,花生叶片和种子的含N量、产量分别提高1.7%、8.9%和9.6%。     

A possible nitrogen crisis for Archaean life due to reduced nitrogen fixation by lightning.

Nitrogen is an essential element for life and is often the limiting nutrient for terrestrial ecosystems. As most nitrogen is locked in the kinetically stable form, N2, in the Earth's atmosphere, processes that can fix N2 into biologically available forms-such as nitrate and ammonia-control the supply of nitrogen for organisms. On the early Earth, nitrogen is thought to have been fixed abiotically, as nitric oxide formed during lightning discharge. The advent of biological nitrogen fixation suggests that at some point the demand for fixed nitrogen exceeded the supply from abiotic sources, but the timing and causes of the onset of biological nitrogen fixation remain unclear. Here we report an experimental simulation of nitrogen fixation by lightning over a range of Hadean (4.5-3.8 Gyr ago) and Archaean (3.8-2.5 Gyr ago) atmospheric compositions, from predominantly carbon dioxide to predominantly dinitrogen (but always without oxygen). We infer that, as atmospheric CO2 decreased over the Archaean period, the production of nitric oxide from lightning discharge decreased by two orders of magnitude until about 2.2 Gyr. After this time, the rise in oxygen (or methane) concentrations probably initiated other abiotic sources of nitrogen. Although the temporary reduction in nitric oxide production may have lasted for only 100 Myr or less, this was potentially long enough to cause an ecological crisis that triggered the development of biological nitrogen fixation.     

Cloning and functional analysis of the sequences flanking mini-Tn5 in the magnetosome-deleted mutant NM21 of Magnetospirillum gryphiswaldense MSR-1

A magnetosome-deleted mutant NM21 of Magnetospirillum gryphiswaldense MSR-1 was generated by mini-Tn5 lacZ2 transposon mutagenesis, and a 3073-bp fragment flanking mini-Tn5 lacZ2 in NM21 was cloned by Anchored PCR. Sequencing analysis showed that this fragment involved three putative ORFs; the mini-Tn5 lacZ2 was inserted into ORF1. Functional complementary test indicated that the 3073-bp fragment was required for biosynthesis of magnetosomes in M. gryphiswaldense MSR-1. The majority of proteins, which had h...     

湿化学法制备多通道ZrO2超滤膜

采用孔径为200 nm的多通道ZrO2膜为底膜,利用湿化学法制备小孔径ZrO2超滤膜。结合N2吸附-脱附法和X线衍射分析,考察烧结温度对膜结构的影响,确定合适的烧结温度。通过扫描电镜(SEM)表征膜形貌,采用错流过滤考察膜的渗透和分离性能。结果表明:烧结温度为600℃时可以制备完整无缺陷的ZrO2超滤膜,所制备的超滤膜具有高纯水通量,截留相对分子质量(MWCO)为20 000,对相对分子质量为43 000卵清蛋白的截留率达到95%。     

Al_2O_3微米树的制备及其发光性能研究

以草酸为电解液,采用两次阳极氧化的方法,制备了Al2O3微米树.用X射线衍射仪(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)及荧光分光光度计对所制备的Al2O3微米树进行了分析.结果表明,在一定的实验条件下,可以得到形状类似于树状的-αAl2O3,其树干尺寸为600~800 nm,并且由-αAl2O3的颗粒均匀堆积而成.其荧光发射峰在304 nm,与氧空位有关,属于F+型(1B→1A)电子跃迁,并对其发光机制进行了讨论.     

The synthesis and characterization of a Co-N/C composite catalyst for the oxygen reduction reaction in acidic solution

A non-precious metal Co-N/C catalyst for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) was synthesized by heating a mechanical mixture of cobalt chloride, urea and acetylene black under a nitrogen atmosphere. The catalyst was characterized by XRD and XPS. The electrocatalytic activity in the ORR was evaluated by linear sweep voltammetry in 0.5 mol L⁻¹ H₂SO₄ solution. The results show that the Co-N/C catalyst aids the reduction of oxygen. The presence of elemental cobalt in the precursor allows nitrogen atoms to embed themselves in the graphite matrix to form pyridinic and graphitic type C-N structures as the ORR active sites. The effect of heat-treating temperature on the catalytic activity was also investigated. The results also show that the Co-N/C catalyst is most active when pyrolyzed at 600°C. The obtained Co-N/C catalyst loses some activity after initial exposure to the H₂SO₄ solution because of leaching, but is then stable for up to 20 h immersion. The catalyst is also stable when charged, which is supported by the cyclic voltammetry results.     

簇合物[Et4 N]8[Mo2 S4(SCH2 CH2 S)2]4的合成及其结构

在室温无水无氧充氮条件下,以(NH4)2MoS4,Et4NBr和HSCH2CH2SH为原料,合成[Et4N]8[Mo2S(SCH2CH2S)2]4簇合物,用X射线衍射法测得其晶胞参数为:a=2.604 4 nm,b=1.986 6 nm,c=2.630 2 nm,V=13.585 81 nm3,Z=4,晶体属单斜晶系.晶体结构经块状矩阵最小二乘法修正后,最终偏离因子R=0.088 7.研究结果表明,[Mo2S4(SCH2CH2S)2]2-为含Mo-Mo金属健的双核阴离子;每个Mo原子被5个硫原子配位,构成近四棱锥配位的几何构型,2个四棱锥共1条底边,每个四棱锥的1个顶点被1个端基硫原子占有,形成环笼状结构.[Et4N]8[Mo2S4(SCH2CH2S)2]4簇合物红外光谱的主要特征波出现在渡数为510,460,430和340 cm-1处;紫外可见光谱在波长为305,380和435 nm处有吸收峰出现.     

维生素E热裂解行为研究

 组合应用热裂解-冷进样-气质联用( Py-CIS-GC/MS)技术,对维生素E在无水空气、9%氧氮混合气、氦气中,300,600,900℃下的裂解产物进行研究,结果显示:①维生素E在各个裂解气氛及裂解温度下共有的裂解产物有壬醛、1-甲基-2-戊基-环丙烷、维生素E;②对于在900℃和600℃时的裂解,在同一裂解温度下,随着裂解气氛中含氧量的减少,烯烃类物质种数减少,质量分数下降;烷烃类物质其种数虽然减少,但质量分数却明显增大;酮、醛、醇、酯、呋喃类香味物质随着裂解气氛中含氧量的减少其个数减少,质量分数下降;对于同一个裂解气氛,随裂解温度的降低其裂解产物中烯烃类、烷烃类物质种数呈减少趋势且含量下降;酮、醛、醇、酯、呋喃类物质产物种数和含量变化不大;③300℃时裂解产物以维生素E的原形转移为主,并生成了壬醛、烷烃类物质等;④裂解温度在600℃及900℃时维生素E原形转移的量差别不大,平均质量分数约为17.80%;而在300℃时,在无水空气、氧氮混合气、氦气氛围下转移的量分别为90.24%、84.61%和75.60%.     

DO对短程反硝化过程中N2O产量的影响

利用SBR反应器,考察不同溶解氧(DO)条件下NO2-反硝化过程中N2O产生及释放过程。研究结果表明:控制曝气量为0.3 L/min,进水NO2--N质量浓度为40 mg/L,体系DO质量浓度分别为0,0.1,0.3,0.5和0.7 mg/L时,反硝化过程N2O释放量分别为0.41,0.60,2.62,4.98,6.83 mg/L;随DO质量浓度的增加,反硝化速率明显降低;当DO质量浓度由0 mg/L增至0.7 mg/L时,每克混合液悬浮固体(MLSS)的NO2-反硝化速率由14.9 mg/(L.h)降至10.2 mg/(L.h),每克MLSS的N2O产生速率由0.2 mg/(L.h)增至1.9 mg/(L.h)。其原因为:高DO质量浓度对氧化亚氮还原酶具有较强的毒性,抑制了N2O的进一步还原过程;高NO2-的存在导致抑制了氧化亚氮还原酶的活性。降低A/O和A2/O等生物脱氮过程中缺氧反应器内部DO质量浓度,保证严格缺氧条件,是减少短程生物反硝化过程中N2O产量的关键因素。     

Nd(Phen)2(NO3)3的合成及晶体结构

合成了一种新的稀土配合物Nd(Phen)2(NO3)3,化学式为C24H16N7NdO9,Mτ=690.68,晶体属于单斜晶系,Cc空间群,晶胞参数a=1.119 75(17)nm,b=1.807 3(3)nm,c=1.309 5(2)nm,β=100.584(3)°,V=2.605 1(7)nm3,Z=4,Dc=1.761 g/cm3,F(000)=1 364,μ=2.060 mm-1,λ(MoKa)=0.071 073 nm,R=0.018 7和wR=0.030 0,数据显示配位多面体为一个变形的反四方棱柱配合物,钕的配位数为十配位,4个氮原子和6个氧原子参与配位,4个Nd-N键长在0.258 4(4)nm到0.265 2 nm之间,6个Nd-O键长则在0.249 6(3)nm到0.260 3 nm之间.     

高密度培养大肠杆菌TB1/pMAL-hOCIFm的优化条件

利用Bioengeering 3．7L自控式发酵罐,以分批培养和补料分批培养相结合的培养技术,高密度培养重组大肠杆菌TB1／pMAL-hOCIFm,生产重组人破骨细胞形成抑制因子成熟肽(recombinant human osteoclastogenesis inhibitory factor mature peptide,rhOCIFm)。通过对碳、氮源补加方式以及溶解氧等参数的控制,使工程菌E．coliTB1／pMAL-hOCIFm的发酵菌体OD600达到57．8,rhOCIFm与MBP融合蛋白(hOCIFm-MBP)的含量达到3．2g／L。本研究为工业化生产rhOCIFm奠定了基础。     

移植瘤株冷冻保护的实验研究

本文介绍了人肝癌细胞析细胞及其移植瘤组织经冻存，复苏后检测琥珀酸脱氢酶（ＳＤＥ）活性，成瘤率和电镜检查，选择１０％ＤＭＳＯ或１０％甘油作为冷冻保护剂来冻存细胞，它们先在冰箱里缓慢降温冷却（－０．８℃／ｍｉｎ），后在液氮罐口的液氮气中冷冻（－１０℃／ｍｉｎ）１天，最后置入液氮内，冷并保护后的冻存或组织复苏后显示高的ＳＤＥ活性，１０％ＤＭＳＯ冻存的细胞ＳＤＥ活性比１０％甘油者高，两者相比有显著差别（Ｐ     

Selective catalytic oxidation of ammonia to nitrogen over orderly mesoporous CuFe2O4 with high specific surface area

Orderly mesoporous CuFe2O4 spinel-type mixed oxide with high specific surface area was prepared successfully by a hard-template method in which KIT-6 mesoporous silica was selected as the hard template. The KIT-6 hard template and CuFe2O4 samples were charac- terized by X-ray diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spec- troscopy, X-ray fluorescence, transmission electron microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, nitrogen physisorption, and hydrogen-temperature programmed reduction. The KIT-6 hard template had perfect crystalli- zation and ordered mesoporous structure with a probable pore distribution of about 9.1 nm, large enough to be filled by the spinel precursor. The mesoporous CuFe2O4 spinel oxide synthesized inside the KIT-6 mesopores had a rela- tively small pore size （4.3 nm）, orderly arrangement, and high specific area （194 m2/g）. The catalytic activity of the mesoporous CuFe2O4 was tested for the selective oxidation of ammonia to nitrogen. The conversion of ammonia reached nearly 100 % at 300 ℃with a nitrogen selectivity as high as 96 %. The nitrogen selectivity remained high with increasing temperature and even maintained a value of 80 % at 600 ℃.