反事实条件推理的认知加工机制初探

选取两个条件命题,采用命题推理和语义推断的两阶段实验任务,探讨了大学生被试进行“反事实”条件推理的认知加工过程.结果发现:①被试对“如果当时P,就会(不会)Q”的条件命题一般会作出反事实的理解,即“PQ”,但也可能会对“如果P,就会(不会)Q”的条件命题作出反事实的理解.②在进行“反事实”推理时,被试更倾向于认可MT推理和DA推理,这一结果对心理模型的观点提供了实验支持.     

波动—微粒二象性的直接实验检验

提出对波粒二象性及与之有关的玻尔互补性原理的可供验证的命题，以最新的单光子态的两棱镜实验的结果为例，介绍对波粒二象性的直接实验检验结果，并以此为基础，对提出命题的结论进行分析和讨论．     

数字控制器的微程序设计及实例

微程序设计是当数字系统中控制器输入变量较多时适用的一种设计方案.本文对7位串行码数字锁系统这一逻辑命题进行了实施方案的探讨和实验,证明用这种方法设计的系统结构简单实用.     

萨特的“存在先于本质”简析

"存在先于本质"是萨特哲学的重要命题。这一命题不是唯心主义的,它也没有否定人的社会性;指责这一命题存在着内在矛盾而不能成立,其理由也是站不住脚的。几位论者的看法存在着对萨特观点的明显误解。     

初中数学二次函数y=ax2+b x的特征直线与特征点的命题思考

由于命题研究是在特定的实验环境下,为解决某个数学问题进行的思维探索活动,因此,命题过程本身就是一种数学实验.以一道具有特殊性质的"二次函数y=ax2+bx"及其"特征直线""特征点"三者之间关系的压轴题为载体,分析如何在命题中找准切入点、明确着重点、抓住根本点、选好结合点,即如何进行命题角度的把控、本质属性的挖掘、考查主线的定位、考查功能的体现.命题过程是命题团队依据课标和教材,不断探究——改进——探究——创作的实验过程,它既关注数学本质的研究,又强调对学生数学思维的培养.     

黑格尔“具体同一”论评析

本文对黑格尔“具体同一”的内涵进行了分析,肯定了这一哲学命题的合理性,同时指出了这一命题在黑格尔哲学体系中所具有的局限性。     

基于语篇命题分类的语言表征记忆效应研究

基于语言表征的层次性,首先探索了基于命题的语篇记忆原理与实践,然后在将语篇内容按照命题分类并根据分类而得出语篇内容记忆与其焦点信息重要性呈正相关的推论,并同通过相关实验来验证这一假说。认为语言信息在大脑中的编码、转换、存储、提取过程就是语言表征过程,而语言的模块化加工和交互作用的过程就是语言的篇章解读过程。篇章的解读与学习者对语篇的记忆密切相关,而语篇内容依托于命题来进行意义表征。     

化学实验教学与考试大纲

化学实验是高中化学中的一个非常重要的内容，每年高考理综卷中都有一道实验题，纵观近几年的全国高考理综卷中的化学实验题，可以看出命题的思路及特点是：命题素材源于教材，以中学教材中有关实验为依据。2010年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试大纲一理科综合中在化学学科的能力要求中实验能力为：（1）用正确的化学实验基本操作，完成规定的“学生实验”的能力。（2）观察记录实验现象，处理实验数据和分析实验结果，得出相应结论的能力。     

民族自治地方司法变通的合理性论证

民族自治地方的司法机关不应享有法律变通权这一命题并不具有天然的合理性。这一命题是以现代民主政治理论为基础的立法权的话语霸权的结果。民族自治地方的司法机关应当享有变通法律的权力,以交往行动理性为核心的法律商谈理论为民族自治地方司法机关享有法律变通权提供了合理性说明。     

也谈复合命题

我国逻辑界对复合命题的定义、选言命题的定义以及不相容选言命题的身份这三个理论问题，有不同的观点。应从“真假决说”角度来定义复合命题；复合命题是其中还包含命题，而且其真假由所包含的命题决定的命题；应采取给联言命题、假言命题下定义同样的“反映说”方式来定义两种选言命题；相容选言命题是反映若干事物情况可以同存并且至少有一个存在的选言命题、不相容选言命题是反映若干事物情况不能同存，至少有一个而且至多有一个存在的选言命题；应持“两立说”来对待不相容选言命题，不能对V进行结合运算，这是f10这一真值函项本身的性质使然，不影响不相容选言命题的存在。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

An affordable accurate evaluation of the binding conformations predicted by molecular docking studies in bio-system

Franck-Condon factors bridge the gap between theoretical modeling and experimental observations for molecular electronic spectroscopy and electron transfer.Under the displaced harmonic oscillator approximation,multidimensional Franck-Condon factors are decomposed into a product of many one-dimensional(1D)Franck-Condon(FC)factors,and each 1D-FC factor is associated with one Huang-Rhys factor that determines the leading contribution of     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with