MOCVD生长非故意掺杂GaN/Si薄膜的电阻率控制研究

本文采用金属有机物化学气相沉积(MOCVD)在Si(111)衬底上生长了非故意掺杂GaN薄膜。高分辨率X射线衍射(HRXRD)和Lehighton非接触面电阻测量系统用来表征GaN外延层的质量和面电阻(Rs)。通过计算HRXRD测量得到的GaN(0002)和(10-12)半高宽(FWHM),估算了GaN外延层中的线性位错密度(TDD)。GaN外延层的Rs和TDD之间的关系被研究。下面GaN初始层生长条件,包括载气种类(H2或N2)、生长温度和生长压力,对上面GaN外延层的影响被讨论和分析。我们认为H2作为载气能提高GaN质量,减少GaN外延层中的TDD,并由于其活泼的化学特性,能通过还原反应去除GaN外延层中的O和C等杂质。另外,下面GaN初始层在低温和高压下生长,更有助于提高GaN质量和减少TDD。下面GaN初始层通过在H2载气、低生长温度(1050℃)和高生长压力(400mba)下外延生长,上GaN外延层的电阻率得到了提高。     

磷压法气相外延 GaAs_(1-x)P_x

本文系采用赤磷、三氯化砷、砷化镓(或镓)为原料,在砷化镓衬底上进行GaAs_(1-x)P_x 气相外延生长的试验总结。文中分析了影响生长速度、合金组成、外延层表面形态的因素;叙述了此体系生长GaAs_(1-x)P_x(x≈0.40)外延层的操作工艺和条件。从制造发光器件的结果和投产的情况说明,此法可作为工业生产方法。     

In_(1-x)Ga_xAs/InP多量子阱结构的LP-MOVPE生长

本文报导了在低温、低压下,以三甲基镓(TMG)、三乙基铟(TEI)为Ⅲ族源材料,100％砷烷(AsH_3)、100％磷烷(PH_3)为V族源材料,用金属有机化合物气相沉积技术在(100)InP衬底上生长出In_(1-x)Ga_xAs/InP多量子阱结构材料.X光摇摆曲线观测到由于周期性多量子阱结构而产生的多级卫星峰,光致发光测量给出了不同阱宽下由量子阱尺寸效应而导致的PL谱.     

四甘醇二甲醚提纯三甲基镓的研究

采用加合物提纯法（又称配合物提纯法）提纯三甲基镓(TMG)，筛选出四甘醇二甲醚（TGDE）作为加和物，得到最佳的加合物配比和解配条件。结果表明，TMG·TGDE加合物中TMG与TGDE的最佳物质的量比为1∶0.2，且在解配条件t=120℃、p=10kPa时，解配产率y高达94%，产品TMG纯度可达6N。通过质谱、红外、元素分析方法表征了不同物质的量比的TMG·TGDE加合物，提出了加合反应与解配反应的机理。     

GaP:N外延层特性的研究

本文研究了生长条件对GaP:N外延层的形貌、生长速率、位错密度、S坑密度、氮浓度、少子寿命的影响。实验表明,外延层中的氮浓度、少子寿命随外延生长起始温度的升高而增大。用GaN作为掺杂氮源,在1037—980℃温度范围生长的外延层中氮浓度不高于5.6×10~(17)cm~(-3);LEC GaP衬底(τ_m～5ns)上在995—900℃温度范围生长的外延层,其少子寿命可达～130ns。外延层中的位错密度和衬底中大体相同,但S坑密度降低一个数量级。     

GaAlAs/GaAs异质结构的低温LPE生长

本文利用常规液相外延(LPE)设备,研究了700—750℃之间的GaAlAs/GaAs的LPE生长特性。对外延层的表面形貌,生长速率,外延层的纯度和晶体完整性进行了分析和讨论。并将此低温技术应用于电极条形双异质结构(DH)激光器的制备,得到了较低阈值的激光器。     

常压MOCVD法生长高质量GaAs薄膜的研究

本文采用三甲基镓(TMG)和砷烷(AsH_3)作为源气体,用金属有机物化学气相淀积(MOCVD)在常压600～750°的温度范围内进行了GaAs薄膜的生长。研究了源气体流量和衬底温度对生长速率的影响。用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、电子能谱和Vanderauw法测量表明,这套系统生长的GaAs薄膜具有很高的质量。     

唑基离子液体的脱硫性能研究

为了研究在离子液体阴、阳离子上添加功能基团,达到更好地吸收SO_2的效果,以1,1,3,3-四甲基胍和三氮唑为原料,合成了三氮唑胍盐离子液体(简写为[TMG][Triz]),对其脱硫性能进行了系统研究,探讨了离子液体[TMG][Triz]的脱硫性能及脱硫机理。结果表明,离子液体[TMG][Triz]具有良好的脱硫及再生性能。在常压、20℃条件下,1mol离子液体[TMG][Triz]吸收2.964mol的SO_2;随着温度的升高,离子液体[TMG][Triz]的脱硫能力逐渐下降;摩尔吸收比随着SO_2分压的增加而增加;130℃条件下,对吸收饱和后的离子液体进行解吸,解吸率达到95%以上。研究表明,离子液体[TMG][Triz]对SO_2的吸收同时存在化学吸收和物理吸收2种作用,研究结果对提高烟气处理效率具有一定的参考价值。     

衬底定向偏差角对非平面衬底液相外延的影响

在非平面衬底液相外延中,衬底的定向偏差角对外延生长有较大影响。为此我们对衬底定向偏差角对外延层形状及表面形貌的影响做了实验研究。 一、实验 1.对外延层形状的影响 我们在衬底定向和(100)面无偏差角(误差在±0.1°范围)及沿沟槽方向和(100)面有0.5°—1°的偏差角的衬底片上,进行液相外延生长四层结构。     

AsCl_3/Ga/H_2系统GaAs外延片的高分辨率深能级瞬态谱研究

用 AsCl_3/Ga/H_2气相外延系统在 GaAs 衬底上生长出GaAs 外延层并制成 Au-GaAs 肖特基结构.利用高分辨率深能级瞬态谱(HDDLTS)仪研究了外延层中深能级的特性.结果表明,缺陷和杂质在外延层中引进若干较高浓度的深能级,经退火后缺陷深能级会被消除.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.