城市污水中多氯联苯的存在现状及对比分析

以EPA推荐的7种多氯联苯(PCB28、PCB52、PCB101、PCB118、PCB138、PCB153、PCB180)为标准,采用固相萃取前处理技术(SPE)和气相色谱-质谱连用法(GC-MS)对某市5座污水处理厂进水中的典型持久性污染物(POPs)多氯联苯(PCBs)进行分析研究。结果表明,在该市城市污水中共检出7种PCBs,浓度在0.48~17.29 ng/L之间。5座污水厂进水中的PCB28和PCB52浓度均较低,甚至未检出;PCB138、PCB153和PCB180的浓度普遍较高。在实验测试基础上,比较国内外相关研究中关于城市污水中PCBs的含量,以进一步分析该市城市污水中PCBs的污染水平。5座污水厂进水中7种目标PCBs的总量平均值为39.83 ng/L,在参与比较的区域中,此城市污水中PCBs的污染水平处于中等水平。     

北海近岸海域表层沉积物中DDTs、PCBs的分布、来源与生态风险分析

为评价广西北海市近岸海域表层沉积物中滴滴涕(DDTs)和多氯联苯(PCBs)的生态风险水平,于2017年8月使用挖斗式采泥器采集北海市近岸海域17个站点的表层沉积物样品,采用气相色谱法测定样品中DDTs(pp′-DDE、op′-DDT、pp′-DDD、pp′-DDT)和PCBs(三氯联苯PCB28,四氯联苯PCB52,五氯联苯PCB101、PCB112、PCB118,六氯联苯PCB138、PCB152、PCB153,七氯联苯PCB180和八氯联苯PCB198)的含量,分析其组分特征,并对沉积物中DDTs和PCBs进行生态风险评价。结果表明:北海近岸海域表层沉积物中持久性有机污染物(Persistent Organic Pollutants,POPs)平均含量(ng·g-1,干重)为PCBs(3.08)DDTs(0.89);污染物等值线图表明近岸海域表层沉积物中的DDTs、PCBs含量高于远岸海域,DDTs含量高值区主要在北海港泊位及营盘港海域,PCBs含量高值区主要在北海港泊位、营盘海域及铁山港湾口海域。DDTs 4种同系物平均百分含量排序为pp′-DDE(46.4%)pp′-DDT(21.8%)op′-DDT(20.5%)pp′-DDD(11.3%),pp′-DDE为沉积物DDTs中的主要成分;五氯联苯PCB101和七氯联苯PCB180为沉积物中PCBs的主要成分;所有站位中DDTs、PCBs的含量平均值均低于一类标准(GB18668-2002),污染程度总体较轻;有17.6%的站位DDTs含量介于生态风险效应区间低值(Effects Range Low,ERL)和生态风险效应区间中值(Effects Range Median,ERM)间。北海市近岸海域表层沉积物中DDTs、PCBs残留水平生态风险总体较低。     

加速溶剂萃取用于贝类中多氯联苯的提取

针对分析贝类中痕量多氯联苯（PCBs）,采用加速溶剂萃取提取其中的7种PCBs（PCB28,PCB52,PCB101,PCB118,PCB153,PCB138,PCB180）,讨论了温度和循环次数对加速溶剂萃取提取效率的影响,并采用凝胶渗透色谱（GPC）和Florisil土填充的固相萃取（SPE）小柱联用净化,去除脂肪和其他杂质,通过GC-ECD分析得到回收率数据。结果表明加速溶剂萃取用于贝类中PCBs的提取,最佳温度条件为100℃,最佳循环次数为2次。采用此种前处理方法的回收率和重复性均较好,具有良好的应用价值。     

长江源头典型湖泊表层沉积物中多氯联苯残留状况

选择地处长江源头典型湖泊之一的红枫湖为试区,对该水域的14个典型采样点表层沉积物中多氯联苯(PCBs)残留量进行了调研,以揭示长江源头典型湖泊中PCBs的残留现状,以及各种同系物在湖泊底质中的分布特征.结果表明:PCBs残留总量介于ND~87.7 ng/g之间,平均值在27.2 ng/g,主要以4~6氯联苯为主.按残留量均值从高到低的几种同系物依次是:PCB138>PCB153>PCB126>PCB180>PCB105;检出率较高的几种同系物依次是:PCB153>PCB138>PCB126>PCB180.PCBs含量具有明显的地域性,以花鱼洞大桥为界限,将湖分为南北两湖,PCBs总含量北湖明显高于南湖.初步认为工业污染和PCBs理化性质是造成百花湖底质中PCBs来源的主要原因.     

基于液液萃取/气相色谱-质谱法的水中多氯联苯测定方法

为满足《地下水质量标准》(GB 14848—2017)和《水质多氯联苯的测定气相色谱-质谱法》(HJ 715—2014)中对氯联苯的检测要求,建立了液液萃取/气相色谱-质谱法同时检测水中20种多氯联苯(PCB28,PCB52,PCB101,PCB81,PCB77,PCB123,PCB118,PCB114,PCB138,PCB105,PCB153,PCB126,PCB167,PCB156,PCB157,PCB180,PCB169,PCB189,PCB194,PCB206)的方法。将20种多氯联苯类化合物的检出限为1.4～2.2 ng/L,测定下限为5.6～8.8 ng/L。在低、中、高添加水平下,加标回收率分别为83.7%～107%,83.1%～109%,80.7%～112%,相对标准偏差分别为5.27%～8.79%,2.21%～6.49%,1.61%～4.91%。研究表明：测定方法不仅灵敏度高,选择性好,检出限低,且适用于大批量水中多氯联苯检测。     

北京石景山区大气中多氯联苯的研究

为了解北京石景山区大气中多氯联苯的含量分布情况,利用气相色谱对北京石景山区大气中PCBs(Polychlorinated biphenyls,PCBs)含量进行了分析测定.分析结果表明:84种PCBs在所有样品中都有检出,气态样品中总的PCBs平均含量为785.59 pg/m3,颗粒物样品中总的PCBs平均含量为518.90 pg/m3.所有样品中都是四氯取代的PCB占最大比例, 整体都以3～5氯的低氯PCB为主. 颗粒物中6～9氯的高氯取代PCBs含量稍高于气态样品中.     

多氯联苯类化合物分子结构的理论研究

采用Gaussian-98软件包中ab initio分子轨道法（HF/6-31G）对多氯联苯PCBs28、PCBs52、PCBs101、PCBs103、PCBs118、PCBs138、PCBs153、PCBs180和PCBs204等9种物质的分子结构进行了计算,并通过分析计算所得的结构参数：键长、键角、二面角、能量值以及偶极矩揭示了该9种物质的结构特征,比较了PCBs同族体在结构上的微小差别,探讨了多氯联苯分子结构与毒性的关系,理论计算结果与实验结果基本一致,同时所得的PCBs同族体的结构参数对研究PCBs同族体的环境行为具有重要的参考价值。     

黄河头道拐段冰封期PCBs的分布特征及来源分析

以2012-2013年度黄河头道拐断面冰封期冰、水中多氯联苯的实测值为依据,剖析该断面在冰封期多氯联苯的含量分布特征,并进行来源分析。得出结论:水中ΣPCBs的质量浓度范围为10.19~53.00 ng·L-1,平均质量浓度为31.87 ng·L-1、冰中ΣPCBs的质量浓度范围为2.91~34.34 ng·L-1,平均质量浓度为15.11 ng·L-1,低氯联苯含量高于高氯联苯,这与我国曾大量生产使用低氯联苯的实际情况相符合;与2011-2012年度同期相比低氯联苯的含量增长65.7%,高氯联苯降低20.39%,总体增长28.96%。流凌期PCBs含量最大,进入冰封期阶段,PCBs含量逐步降低,融冰期有所回升。头道拐断面冰封期冰、水中PCBs的来源主要有:变压器油、油漆添加剂和造纸漂白工业。     

白洋淀表层沉积物中的多卤代芳烃及其潜在风险

采用GC-MS/MS技术对45个白洋淀表层沉积物（0～5 cm）样品中的三类（多溴联苯、 多溴联苯醚和多氯联苯）多卤代芳烃(PHAHs)进行分析。实验发现多氯联苯(PCBs)是优势污染物（20.57 ng·g-1 ·dw）,PCB28,52, 66, 138, 156和170是被检出的主要同族体;多溴联苯(PBBs)和多溴联苯醚（PBDEs）在沉积物中的检出浓度相对较低（0.47 ng·g-1 ·dw和1.78 ng·g-1 ·dw）,PBDE28和PBDE 47是最具支配地位的PBDE同族体,分别占PBDEs总量的16 %和21 %。实验结果与国内外最近的文献报道值相比较,显示这三类PHAHs在沉积物中的浓度处于低污染水平,引起的潜在风险也相对较低。     

不同粒径空调灰尘中的多氯联苯分布特征

多氯联苯(polychlorinated biphenyls,PCBs)是一类典型持久性有机污染物,尽管已被禁止近50年,但是这类污染物仍然能在环境中检出.室内灰尘是PCBs人体暴露的重要来源之一.空调滤网灰尘主要是沉积的室内空气颗粒物,在一定程度上反映了室内污染状况.以餐厅和实验室空调滤网灰尘为研究对象,测定不同粒径空调滤网灰尘中PCBs的暴露水平,分析灰尘性质对PCBs浓度的影响.结果表明,PCBs总浓度在6.73～23.90 ng/g之间,餐厅空调滤网灰尘中的PCBs浓度高于实验室.灰尘样品与世界其他地区室内灰尘的污染水平相比处于较低水平.由于样品中主要为低氯代PCBs,因此工业品Aroclor1016,Aroclor1232或Aroclor1242可能是主要来源.PCBs浓度与灰尘平均粒径及有机质含量有显著的正相关关系,与灰尘比表面积、总孔容、平均孔径、N/C原子比以及H/C原子比呈显著负相关,说明灰尘性质本身对PCBs暴露有重要影响.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

An affordable accurate evaluation of the binding conformations predicted by molecular docking studies in bio-system

Franck-Condon factors bridge the gap between theoretical modeling and experimental observations for molecular electronic spectroscopy and electron transfer.Under the displaced harmonic oscillator approximation,multidimensional Franck-Condon factors are decomposed into a product of many one-dimensional(1D)Franck-Condon(FC)factors,and each 1D-FC factor is associated with one Huang-Rhys factor that determines the leading contribution of     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with     

Journal of Donghua University ( English Edition) Contents of Volume 31

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