Developmental change of EEG in rat from 4th to 16th week

Summary The development of EEG in 8 male rats from 4 to 16 weeks age were studied chronically. Theta band had the highest power at 5–16 weeks. Especially after 11 weeks, theta band presented a signigicantly higher peak than that of 4-week-old. In contrast to this, delta band, which had the highest power at 4 weeks, was markedly decreased.     

Correlation between serum dopamine-beta-hydroxylase activity and dopamine-beta-hydroxylase and tyrosine hydroxylase activities in central and peripheral adrenergic neurons and adrenal glands.

Serum dopamine-beta-hydroxylase activity in spontaneously hypertensive rats and Wistar-Kyoto rats had a positive correlation with dopamine-beta-hydroxylase and tyrosine hydroxylase activities in mesenteric vessels, vas deferens, and adrenal glands at 14-16 weeks of age, a negative correlation with dopamine-beta-hydroxylase activity in locus coeruleus at 3 weeks and 14-16 weeks of age, and a positive correlation with tyrosine hydroxylase activity only at 3 weeks of age, but not at 14-16 weeks of age.     

Correlation between serum dopamine-β-hydroxylase activity and dopamine-β-hydroxylase and tyrosine hydroxylase activities in central and peripheral adrenergic neurons and adrenal glands

Summary Serum dopamine--hydroxylase activity in spontaneously hypertensive rats and Wistar-Kyoto rats had a positive correlation with dopamine--hydroxylase and tyrosine hydroxylase activities in mesenteric vessels, vas deferens, and adrenal glands at 14–16 weeks of age, a negative correlation with dopamine--hydroxylase activity in locus coeruleus at 3 weeks and 14–16 weeks of age, and a positive correlation with tyrosine hydroxylase activity only at 3 weeks of age, but not at 14–16 weeks of age.     

Quantitative immunofluorescence of tyrosine hydroxylase in the adrenal medulla of spontaneously hypertensive rats

The amount of tyrosine hydroxylase protein in the adrenal medulla, which was estimated by a quantitative immunofluorescence method, was higher in spontaneously hypertensive rats than in normotensive control Wistar-Kyoto rats at 4 and 16 weeks of age before and after the development of hypertension.     

Antoni van Leeuwenhoek and measuring the invisible: The context of 16th and 17th century micrometry

This article explores the impact of 16th and 17th-century developments in micrometry on the methods Antoni van Leeuwenhoek employed to measure the microscopic creatures he discovered in various samples collected from his acquaintances and from local water sources. While other publications have presented Leeuwenhoek's measurement methods, an examination of the context of his techniques is missing. These previous measurement methods, driven by the need to improve navigation, surveying, astronomy, and ballistics, may have had an impact on Leeuwenhoek's methods. Leeuwenhoek was educated principally in the mercantile guild system in Amsterdam and Delft. He rose to positions of responsibility within Delft municipal government. These were the years that led up to his first investigations using the single-lens microscopes he became expert at creating, and that led to his first letter to the Royal Society in 1673. He also took measures to train in surveying and liquid assaying practices existing in his time, disciplines that were influenced by Pedro Nunes, Pierre Vernier, Rene Descartes, and others. While we may never know what inspired Leeuwenhoek's methods, the argument is presented that there were sufficient influences in his life to shape his approach to measuring the invisible.     

Effects of thyroxine on the reproductive organs and growth of young chickens

Summary Male chicks of an egg-laying strain were injected with 0, 1, 2 or 4 g/100g b. wt thyroxine s. c. daily from 7 to 12 weeks of age. Increasing dose suppressed testicular development and puberty was completely blocked by the highest level. Live weight gain was enhanced by thyroxine treatment. Similar treatment of females prevented normal development of the ovaries at puberty.     

A morphometric study of spermatogenesis in the testes of mice of a senescence accelerated strain

The morphometric parameters of spermatogenic cells in a mouse strain prone to accelerated senescence (SAM-P), a novel murine model of spontaneously promoted aging, were compared with those of a SAM resistant strain (SAM-R) after birth until 40 weeks (mean life span of SAM-P). A mixture of gonocytes and spermatogonia were present in the testis in 1-week-old mice, and no gonocytes were observed in 2-week-old mice. At 6 weeks of age, the absolute number of spermatogonia in SAM-P was 27% greater than that in SAM-R, whereas the cell number in 40-week-old SAM-P was 17% less than in SAM-R. Primary spermatocytes were first observed in 3-week-old animals, and the cell numbers in SAM-P at 3, 5 and 6 weeks were 78%, 31% and 25%, respectively, greater than in SAM-R, whereas the cell number in SAM-P at 40 weeks was 30% less than SAM-R. Round spermatids were first observed in all SAM-P at 4 weeks old, but 20% of SAM-r had no spermatids and the rest had only a few. At 5 and 6 weeks old, the absolute numbers of round spermatids in SAM-P was about 34% and 41%, respectively, greater than in SAM-R, whereas the cell number in 40-week-old SAM-P was about 34% less than SAM-R. These results indicate that testicular maturation begins at an earlier age in SAM-P than SAM-R. Furthermore, at the age of 40 weeks signs of testicular deterioration are evident in SAM-P mice only     

Quantitative immunofluorescence of tyrosine hydroxylase in the adrenal medulla of spontaneously hypertensive rats

Summary The amount of tyrosine hydroxylase protein in the adrenal medulla, which was estimated by a quantitative immunofluorescence method, was higher in spontaneously hypertensive rats than in normotensive control Wistar-Kyoto rats at 4 and 16 weeks of age before and after the development of hypertension.This study was supported by grants from the Ministry of Education, Science and Culture, Japan (No. 59570018). Reprint requests to I.N., Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Fujita-Gakuen Health University, Toyoake, Aichi 470-11 (Japan).     

益阳地区遥感土地利用分类的波段组合效应分析

波段组合对监督分类的运算效率和分类结果有着显著影响。本文以湖南益阳TM影像为实验数据,通过波段光谱特征统计分析、叠合光谱图分析,对该地区土地利用分类波段进行了初步选取;按照3波段组合方式进行分类,并对分类效应进行了比较分析。结果表明,耕地和草地难区分、未利用土地易错分为建设用地是共同问题;TM2、3、4组合能够较好地区分耕地和草地,同时对林地和草地的区分效果也最好,分类总精度最高;TM2、3、5组合对未利用土地的识别能力相对最高;TM2、3、7组合,TM2、4、7组合以及TM2、5、7组合对水体的分类效果最好。本研究对数据降维、资料不足时最大限度发挥资料可用性、针对特别应用目的进行传感器波段设计具有一定的参考价值。     

Dipeptidyl aminopeptidase in neonatal rat brain regions

Summary Changes in the activity of dipeptidyl aminopeptidase in rat pituitary gland and various brain regions were examined at 3, 5 and 20 weeks of age. The enzyme activity per g tissue wet weight in pituitary gland was the highest of all tissues studied. Subcellular distribution of the activity was also studied. The highest enzyme activity was found in a crude mitochondrial fraction including synaptosomes.     

Effects of 9.4 GHz microwave exposure on meiosis in mice.

Exposure to 9.4 GHz pulsed microwaves at low power densities for 1 h/day during 2 weeks induces in adult male Balb/c mice disturbances in meiosis, consisting in an increase of translocations and the appearance of cells with several chromosome pair remaining univalents at MI.     

纳米La0．6Sr0．4MnO3／Fe粉复合体系微波吸收性能

用溶胶-凝胶法制备了La0.6Sr0．4MnO3粉体,与纳米Fe粉按不同质量比复合,得到复合材料样品。测试了样品在2～18GHz微波频率范围内的复介电常数、复磁导率,计算了微波反射系数和损耗角正切,初步探讨了材料的微波吸收机制。结果表明,当复合质量比为6：4、样品厚度为2mm时,大于10dB的吸收带宽为3．4GHz,最大吸收峰值为16dB,微波损耗是介电损耗和磁损耗共同作用的结果。     

Decreased pulmonary levels of the anti-inflammatory Clara cell 16 kDa protein after induction of airway inflammation in asthmatics

The Clara cell 16 kDa protein (CC16) maps to an atopy-associated region of chromosome 11 and has been ascribed an anti-inflammatory function. Using reverse-phase HPLC and Western blot analysis, we have evaluated the polypeptide pattern in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid retrieved from asthmatics, before and after induction of airway inflammation by low-dose allergen inhalation challenge. A prominent decrease of CC16 was seen after induction of inflammation, and a further CC16 decrease was observed in lavage fluid where surfactant had been removed. Reduced levels of pulmonary CC16 may cause loss of anti-inflammatory activity in the airways and contribute to the development of airway inflammation in asthma. Received 22 March 2000; received after revision 4 May 2000; accepted 4 May 2000     

Control of the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis in young and older rats injected with thyroxine.

Administration of T4 on alternate weeks for 30 weeks at a dosage which does not alter body weight depresses basal serum corticosterone levels in older rats (575 days), but not in young animals (260 days). Similar serum corticosterone response to HPA axis stimulation occurs regardless of age or T4 injection.     

Sequential changes in serum glucose,triglycerides and cholesterol in aging of normal and alloxan-diabetic rats

Summary 16-week-old Wistar, alloxan diabetic rats exhibited progressive elevations in levels of serum glucose, total triglycerides, cholesterol and creatinine over a period of 8 weeks; hyperglycemia preceeded hyperlipidemia and hypercreatininemia and hypertriglyceridemia preceeded hypercholesteremia. Age-matched control rats failed to develop any signs of hyperglycemia or hypercreatininemia, but did develop both hypercholesterolemia and hypertriglyceridemia at 24 weeks of age. This suggests that the progressive cardiovascular derangements (e.g., atherosclerosis, hypertension) noted in experimental diabetes mellitus and in the normal aging (and maturation) process may be brought about by distinctly different biochemical processes.Supported by NIH grant nos. HL-18002 and HL-18015 and NIDA grant No. DA-02339.     

Duration of bone protection by a single osteoprotegerin injection in rats with adjuvant-induced arthritis

Daily osteoprotegerin (OPG) injection for 7 or more days prevents bone loss for 3 weeks in rats with adjuvant-induced arthritis (AdA). The present experiments defined the duration of bone protection in AdA provided by a single OPG bolus. Male Lewis rats received OPG at the onset or peak of clinical disease, after which bone mineral density (BMD), erosions, and osteoclasts were evaluated. An OPG bolus (4 mg/kg subcutaneously) at onset eliminated osteoclasts, preserved BMD for 7 days, and prevented bone erosions for 4 days. In contrast, an OPG bolus (1, 3, 10, or 30 mg/kg intravenously) given at the peak of disease eradicated osteoclasts in a dose-dependent manner but had no impact on bone integrity due to extensive pre-existing bone loss. These data indicate that one OPG injection will inhibit joint erosions for several days, and confirm that bone-sparing therapy must be initiated early in disease to protect joint integrity.     

微弧氧化法制备TiO2／Ti电极及其光催化性能研究

采用微弧氧化的方法,分别在2,4,8,12和16g／l的NaH2PO4溶液中制备了不同的TiO2／Ti电极,并在主波长为365nm的250W高压汞灯照射下,对所制备的TiO2／Ti电极的光催化性能进行了测试。结果表明：在NaH2PO4电解质溶液浓度为4mg／l时制备的TiO2／Ti电极效果最好。辐照浓度为5mg／1的若丹明B溶液120min时,若丹明B降解速率达到85％。试验结果模拟证实,在该实验条件下,TiO2／Ti电极降解若丹明B溶液反应符合准一级反应。     

Aldose metabolism in developing human fetal brain and liver

Aldose reductase, sorbitol dehydrogenase, and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase enzyme activities were studied in human foetal brain and liver at different periods of gestation. Aldose reductase activity in liver disappears after 16 weeks of gestation whereas sorbitol dehydrogenase keeps on increasing in liver as well as in brain. In utero, some glucose metabolism may be mediated through an active sorbitol pathway in human fetuses.     

Immunochemical study of protein anomalies in platelets of patients with Glanzmann's thrombasthenia and Bernard-Soulier syndrome]

Crossed immunoelectrophoresis of "Triton X-100" solubilized proteins from (125I) iodinated normal and abnormal (Bernard-Soulier and thrombasthenic) platelets was performed using rabbit antibodies raised against whole, normal platelets. In Bernard-Soulier platelets neither of the two surface oriented forms of GP I, glycocalicin and glycoprotein Ib (band 13) were detected. In two patients with type I thrombasthenia, the most prominent precipitate (No. 16) and platelet fibrinogen (No 24) were not detected whereas in one patient with type II thromblasthenia, fibrinogen was normally detected and the amount of protein 16 was around 15% of the normal level. The alloantibody IgG L..., able to induce a "thrombasthenic-like" reactivity in normal human platelets, has been shown to be directed against protein 16.     

改进的CMOS工艺功率放大器设计

本文提出了一种改进的二阶功率放大器的设计,改进的措施主要包括设计无源螺旋形电感、合理运用Cascode电感接入、改进偏置电路的设计.仿真结果为：在P1 dB点,Pout为18 dBm,输入输出匹配的情况下,5.2 GHz的功率增益为30 dB,1 dB压缩点的PAE为16%,输出三阶交调点IP3是26.8 dBm,静态工作电流为252 mA.上述结果表明,改进的功率放大器各项性能指标达到设计的要求.采用TSMC 0.18μm CMOS工艺元件库,应用Cadence软件画出功率放大器电路的版图.上述工作对射频电路的设计有一定的参考价值.