荷叶香气成分的研究（Ⅱ）荷叶精油成分分析及其与天然香气成分的比较

以同时蒸馏萃取法（SDE）提取荷叶精油。用毛细管GC／MS／DS联用法分离鉴定了91种组分，战总峰面积的95．64％。再用双柱GC标样程升保留指数确证了其中38种组分。已确证的组分占总峰面积的64．20％。主要成分及含量是顺－3－己烯醇（27．49％）、反－2－戊烯醇（11．07％）、1－戊烯－3－醇（9．01％），反－2－己烯醛（5．36％）。     

香叶油化学成份的研究

采用毛细管气相色谱－质谱－计算机联用法研究了贵州榕江地区香叶油的化学成分。色谱分离出４０多个组分，质谱鉴定了３１个成分，占该挥发油总量的９５．０７％。其主要成分是香茅醇（２４．７３％）、香叶醇（８．１９％）、香茅醇乙酸酯（９．９７％）、Ｂ－愈创木烯（８．９７％）、Ｐ－薄荷酮（７．１９％）和芳樟醇（４．１６％）等。     

艾蒿和野艾蒿精油的化学成分

应用ＧＣ／ＭＳ／ＤＳ鉴定了艾蒿和野艾蒿精油化学成分。鉴定出艾蒿３７个化合物,主要成分为桉叶油素（３９．５７％）、樟脑（５．５２％）、龙脑（８．４６％）、胡椒脑（７．２９％）、α－毕澄茄烯等。野艾蒿精油鉴定出３３个化合物,主要成分为桉叶油素（２０．９６％）、金合欢烯（１４．０４％）、樟脑（７．３５％）、２,６,６－三甲基,２,４－环庚二烯酮－１（１０．６１％）、香草醛（７．６６％）。这两种蒿属植物精油都含有较多的桉叶油素、樟脑和龙脑。     

矮杨梅叶精油化学成分分析

本文应用气相色谱──质谱联用仪（ＧＣ／ＭＳ），测定分析了矮杨梅（ＭｙｒｉｃａｎａｎａＣｈｅｖａｌ．）叶精油化学成分。从分离的５４个峰中鉴定出４０种成分，其中主要成分是β－石竹烯（１４．５８％）、大根香叶酮（１２．５５％）、α－蒎烯（８．３６％）、烷（７．３６％）、甲酸异丙酯（６．７４％）、α－姜黄烯（５．６５％）、２－丁酸香叶酯（４．５５％）、α－古芸烯（３．７８％）等。并与同属植物杨梅（Ｍ，ｒｕｂｒａＳｉｅｄ．ｅｌＺｕｃｃ．）叶精油成分、含量进行了比较分析。     

杨树花挥发性成分的GC/MS分析

首次采用同时蒸馏萃取法提取加拿大杨树花的挥发性成分，以ＧＣ／ＭＳ／ＤＳ联用技术分离鉴定了３５种组分，占总峰面积的９５％，其中含量较高的是１－乙氧基丙烷（１４．４４％），乙酸乙酯（１２．９４％），１，１－二乙氧基乙烷（１１．６３％），苯甲醇（５．７５％），２－甲氧基－４－乙烯基苯酚（５．５９％）等。     

马齿苋挥发油的GC－MS分析

本文采用ＧＣ－ＭＳ法对本地马齿苋的挥发性成分进行了分离鉴定。初步分离出１９种成分，鉴定了１５种，其主要成分为芳樟醇（１８．９６％）和３，７，１１，１５－四甲基－２－十六烯醇（１３．５５％）。     

Gd-Ni二元相图计算

采用CALPHAD技术优化计算了Gd－Ni二元相图．液相用Redlich－Kister多项式次规则溶液模型描述，端际固溶体β－Gd，α－Gd，α－Ni分别处理为纯组元bccGd，hcpGd，fccNi．采用热力学评估了如下9个定比化合物：Gd3Ni（1006．39K，包晶分解），Gd3Ni2（941．07K，包晶分解），GdNi（1553．15K，同成分熔化），GdNi2（1280．10K，包晶分解），GdNi3（137．99K，包晶分解），Gd2Ni7（1474．28K，包晶分解），GdNi4（1544．44K，包晶分解），GdNi5（1753．15K，同成分熔化）和Gd2Ni17（1553．82K，包晶分解）；热力学计算了3个共晶反应：Gd3Ni－Gd3Ni2（904．97K，31．53％Ni，原子分数，下同），GdNi－GdNi2（1232．60K，57．06％Ni）和Gd2Ni17－Ni（1521．08K，96．24％Ni）．计算结果与相图大部分实验结果在实验误差范围内相吻合．     

柿叶挥发成分的GC/MS分析

用程序升温毛细管气相色谱－ 质谱联用方法对柿叶的挥发成分进行了分离鉴定, 共分离出８０个组分,用峰面积归一化方法计算出相对含量。用谱图检索确认出７５ 个化合物,其在总挥发成分中的质量分数为９８．１３％ 。其中有５５ 个含氧化合物,其在总挥发成分中的质量分数为９５．２２％ ,以（ Ｅ） － ２－ 己烯醛（４２．２２％） 、（Ｚ） － ２－ 己烯醛（８．１４％） 和３,７,１１,１５－ 四甲基－ ２－ 十六烯－ １－ 醇（１７．８２％ ） 为主,并讨论了这些组分的药用价值及制备天然饮料的营养价值。     

石荠Ning挥发油的含量及其化学成分研究

报道了不同的生长环境和生育期对产于福建省的石荠Ｎｉｎｇ挥发油含量的影响。并用玻璃毛细管气相色谱－质谱－计算机联机技术（ＧＣ－ＭＳ－ＣＯＭＰ）测定福建省福州市高病山石荠Ｎｉｎｇ挥发油的化学成分,分离出４８个成分,共鉴定了４２种,占总油量的９８．９０％,其主要分为侧柏酮（２２．５０％）、β－石竹烯（１４．４７％）、异胡薄荷酮（１３．５０％）、律草烯（１１．２４％）、甲基丁香油酚（８．４３％）。     

湿地松针叶挥发油化学成分研究

采用常压水蒸气蒸馏法提取了湿地松针叶挥发油,得油率为0．22％－0．25％,用GC,IR,NMR,GC－MS等方法对该精油进行了定性,定量分析,在分出的36个色谱峰中共鉴定出33个化合物,占该精油总量的99．79％,其中含有α－蒎烯,Δ3－蒈烯,γ－松油烯,乙酸龙脑酯,乙酸萜品酯及长叶烯等,含量最多的成分是β－蒎烯（36．536％）。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

An affordable accurate evaluation of the binding conformations predicted by molecular docking studies in bio-system

Franck-Condon factors bridge the gap between theoretical modeling and experimental observations for molecular electronic spectroscopy and electron transfer.Under the displaced harmonic oscillator approximation,multidimensional Franck-Condon factors are decomposed into a product of many one-dimensional(1D)Franck-Condon(FC)factors,and each 1D-FC factor is associated with one Huang-Rhys factor that determines the leading contribution of     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with