培养基对海洋微生物在水泥石表面附着的影响

为研究培养基类型对海洋微生物在水泥石表面附着的影响,将水泥净浆试件分别浸泡在3种不同的模拟海水培养基中3 h、10 h、24 h,并采用平板菌落计数法和显微分析法研究水泥石表面的微生物附着量。结果表明:水泥石表面附着的微生物主要为革兰氏阴性菌,形态多呈圆棒状;培养基组成不同,微生物在水泥石表面附着量也不同,24 h的附着过程中存在可逆附着阶段和不可逆附着阶段,每种培养基中水泥石表面10 h微生物附着量最低。     

硫酸盐在水泥基材料中的扩散和渗透特征

采用偏光显微镜和扫描电镜分析了含镁质类膨胀剂的水泥砂浆在硫酸盐溶液中浸泡1 a后的微观结构,提出了硫酸盐溶液在水泥基材料中的3种迁移方式;通过SEM-EDS分析得出了该水泥基材料被侵蚀后所形成的产物主要是石膏和钙矾石的结果,没有发现硫酸镁和碳硫硅钙石膨胀物形成;在水泥基材料中添加适当种类和掺量的镁质类膨胀剂,水化的与未水化的膨胀剂填充到集料与浆体的间隙内,增大了水泥基材料的密实度,改善了界面结构,提高了水泥基材料抗硫酸盐侵蚀能力.     

微生物电阻抗传感器的研制

用自制的微生物传感器以及其它实验装置等，在一定条件下，通过测量接种细菌的培养基电阻抗值，利用微生物在生长繁殖过程中可使培养基的电阻抗值减低的现象，了解微生物生长繁殖的情况和规律，尝试进行微生物电阻抗传感器的研究，试验研究取得了预期的结果。     

利用微生物电池研究微生物在矿物表面电子传递过程

利用微生物电池对微生物在矿物表面电子传递的过程进行了实验研究. 结果表明:Geobacter metallireducens还原Fe(OH)3过程中直接接触方式起着重要作用,而微生物在矿物表面吸附形成的生物膜是一个关键因素,生物膜的形成又是一个相对较长的过程;细胞在固体表面的吸附并成膜是一种重要的代谢途径,而电子传递中间体AQDS虽然能在初期有效加快还原速率,但是当细胞吸附完成后,其作用就不再显著了,说明微生物催化矿物氧化还原反应动力学受生物膜控制. 加速微生物在矿物表面成膜及保持其稳定性是影响微生物浸矿速率的重要因素.     

偏高岭土和硅灰对三元胶凝材料的改性

为了提高水泥基材料中辅助性胶凝材料用量,对比研究偏高岭土(MK)和硅灰(SF)对高粉煤灰(FA)掺量的三元胶凝材料体系抗压强度和微观结构的影响.结果表明:适量MK和SF均能提高FA掺量的三元胶凝材料不同龄期的强度,两者对强度的提高幅度随掺量和浆体龄期的改变而稍有改变;MK和SF均能显著降低三元胶凝材料浆体中Ca(OH)2(CH)的含量、优化浆体孔结构,但两者反应形成的产物有明显不同.MK和SF的物理填充、火山灰效应可优化三元胶凝体系浆体的微观结构、改善不同相界面结合.高品质MK可代替SF用于制备高FA含量三元胶凝材料体系.     

茶园有益微生物及其微生态效应研究进展

对茶园固氮微生物、菌根真菌、耐酸铝微生物、茶树病害拮抗微生物及其微生态效应的研究进展进行了综述 ,对茶园有益微生物研究中的问题及发展方向进行了讨论     

兰州市城区春季大气微生物动态变化规律研究

对兰州市城区春季大气微生物的分布做了研究．结果表明,在城区不同的功能区内微生物浓度差异明显,其浓度顺序为交通区＞商业区＞工业区＞居民区＞风景区．以自然沉降法计算,ＣＦＵ值远高于同类报道,大气微生物浓度表现出明显的季节性、日周期性、空间性和降雨效应．     

应用纳米压痕技术表征水泥基材料微观力学性能

为了更好地研究和表征水泥基材料的微观结构及形成机理,对水泥净浆及掺粉煤灰的水泥浆体进行了微观力学性能研究.应用纳米压痕技术测试、分析并计算了不同浆体中各个区域的弹性模量和硬度,并对各参数在二维平面的分布进行了描绘.同时,利用高斯函数对弹性模量、硬度的频率分布曲线进行了多峰拟合,获得水化产物中毛细孔、高密度C-S-H凝胶...     

微生物沉积碳酸钙研究

利用菌株A生长繁殖过程中产生的酶化作用,适时引入Ca2 ,24 h内顺利沉积出直径小于10μm的球形CaCO3,经XRD分析证实为方解石晶型.改变若干环境反应条件,如pH、温度、Ca2 浓度、Ca2 源等,CaCO3结晶形态和颗粒形貌均发生不同程度的改变.此外,还利用人工提取的类似植物酶开展了对比实验,也顺利沉积出结晶较好的菱面体形态方解石,验证了碳酸盐矿化菌所具有的酶化特征乃是沉积矿化出CaCO3的关键.     

食用菌生产中微生物灾害的分类及防治

病原菌与污染杂菌的发生和生长已成为影响食用菌生产的重要问题。介绍了食用菌生产过程中微生物灾害的来源,对其危害、预防和控制方法进行了探讨,以期对保证食用菌的质量和产量起到促进作用。     

高矿化度油藏微生物分布特征

为了调查跃进油区油藏中的微生物分布状况,进而指导微生物采油技术研究。采用MPN三管法对五个油藏的23个油田采出水样品进行了六大类功能菌的检测工作。六大类功能菌分别为烃氧化菌(HOB)、厌氧发酵菌(FMB)、硝酸盐还原菌(NRB)、硫酸盐还原菌(SRB)、腐生菌(TGB)和产甲烷菌(PMB)。实验结果分析显示,油砂山、花土沟、尕斯油藏具有本源微生物激活潜力,七个泉、跃西油藏微生物含量少,不具备本源微生物激活的潜力。在23个水样中普遍存在六大类功能菌,用丰度值表示了各类微生物的在不同水样中的分布情况。     

Effect of alkali-activation on aluminosilicate-based cementitious materials

High-performance aluminosilicate-based cementitious materials were produced with fly ash from a coal power plant as one of the major raw materials. The structures of fly ash containing aluminosilicate-based cementitious materials were compared before and after treatment by the methods of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). During the 28 d curing time, the compressive strength of water glass and fly ash samples increased from 9.08 MPa to 26.75 MPa. The results show that most of the stiff shells are destroyed after mechanical grinding and chemical activation. Magic angle spinning (MAS) NMR of 27Al shows that the wide peak becomes narrow and the main peak shifts to the direction of low field, indicating the decrease of polymerization degree, the enhancing of activity, the decrease of six-coordination structure, and the increase of small and symmetrical four-coordination polyhedron structure within the aluminum-oxygen polyhedron network. Comparisons between MAS NMR of 29Si with different treatments suggest that Q0 disappears, the quantity of Q2 increases, and the quantity of Q4 decreases. The polymerization degree of silicon-oxygen is reduced, and the potential activity of fly ash is increased.     

城市有机生活垃圾的生物气化

利用微生物对城市有机生活垃圾进行气化研究结果表明,城市有机生活垃圾的生物气化是可行的,气化条件是:发酵温度25～35 ℃,pH值7～8,C/N=(20～30):1,在严格厌氧的条件下,可以制取含甲烷65%左右的沼气.加入适量的泥炭有利于厌氧消化.     

环保高性能胶凝材料的制备

为了研制低水泥用量的环保型高性能胶凝材料,分析其实现的理论基础和技术途径,得出其中的关键技术是优化胶凝体系的组分及其掺量以及配合振动磨机的活化处理技术,从而大幅度提高水泥的水化程度,使得水泥用量最小.结合试验研制环保高性能胶凝材料(EHPCM),首先选择胶凝体系,然后,对四元胶凝体系中各个规格的组分进行优化.理论计算和实验结果表明:通过磨机活化技术处理的四元胶凝体系水泥用量最少,且具有最高的水泥水化程度和较优异的力学性能,是环保高性能胶凝材料最适宜的胶凝体系;环保胶凝材料的配比即水泥、硅灰、粉煤灰、石英粉的质量比为1-0.25-0.35-0.40,运用这种胶凝材料可配制出流动性良好,抗压强度和抗折强度分别达132 MPa和18 MPa的活性粉末混凝土.     

鄂尔多斯盆地西南部长8砂岩致密时间再认识

鄂尔多斯盆地延长组砂岩的致密时间目前尚无定论，这是由于对方解石胶结物的成因认识不一致造成的。通过铸体薄片和带有能谱仪的扫描电镜技术，对鄂尔多斯盆地西南部长₈砂岩中方解石胶结物的成因进行了研究。认为早成岩A期的泥岩压释水为方解石胶结提供物质来源，形成了浸染状均匀分布的I型方解石胶结物和斑块状或星点状散布的Ⅱ⁰型方解石胶结物； I型方解石胶结的砂岩，流体难以进入而失去水岩反应能力，Ⅱ⁰型方解石胶结物在中成岩A期经溶解沉淀反应转化为Ⅱ型方解石胶结物；碳氧同位素和流体包裹体资料不能作为研究方解石胶结物成因的主要依据，这些资料的解释必须服从于岩石显微结构特征。鉴于此，鄂尔多斯盆地西南部长₈砂岩致密时间为早成岩A期，其与成藏时期的配置关系为先致密后成藏。     

纳米SiO2改性纤维在水泥基材料中的应用

制备出新型的纳米二氧化硅改性聚丙烯纤维,测试了纤维的力学性能以及纳米颗粒在纤维表面的分布状况,并将其应用在砂浆与混凝土中.重点研究了改性纤维提高与基材界面性能的机理,主要考察改性纤维的分散性、抗裂性及对砂浆与混凝土力学性能的影响.研究结果表明,改性纤维具有优良的力学性能,二氧化硅在纤维表面均匀分散,纤维与基材的界面性能得到改善,并表现出极佳的分散性与抗裂性,对纤维增强砂浆与混凝土的抗压、抗折强度在一定程度上有所提高.     

Mechanical properties of gangue-containing aluminosilicate based cementitious materials

High performance aluminosilicate based cementitious materials were produced using calcined gangue as one of the major raw materials. The gangue was calcined at 500°C. The main constituent was calcined gangue, fly ash and slag, while alkali-silicate solutions were used as the diagenetic agent. The structure of gangue-containing aluminosilicate based cementitious materials was studied by the methods of IR, NMR and SEM. The results show that the mechanical properties are affected by the mass ratio between the gangue, slag and fly ash, the kind of activator and additional salt. For 28-day curing time, the compressive strength of the sample with a mass proportion of 2:1:1 (gangue: slag: fly ash) is 58.9 MPa, while the compressive strength of the sample containing 80wt% gangue can still be up to 52.3 MPa. The larger K+ favors the formation of large silicate oligomers with which Al(OH)₄? prefers to bind. Therefore, in Na-K compounding activator solutions more oligomers exist which result in a stronger compressive strength of aluminosilicate-based cementitious materials than in the case of Na-containing activator. The reasons for this were found through IR and NMR analysis. Glauber’s salt reduces the 3-day compressive strength of the paste, but increases its 7-day and 28-day compressive strengths.     

Microstructure and cementitious properties of calcined clay-containing gangue

To investigate the optimum calcination temperature and cementitious properties of gangue, the microstructure of clay-containing gangue calcined at different temperatures was analyzed by X-ray diffraction (XRD), infrared spectroscopy (IR), and magnetic angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance (MAS NMR). The results show that the structure of kaolinite in the gangue sample calcined at 500℃ is destroyed. The XRD spectra show the disappearance of illite at about 800℃ and the formation ofmullite at about 1000℃. With the increase in calcination temperature, octahedral (6-coordinated) aluminum is transformed to tetrahedral (4-coordinated) aluminum gradually. For the gangue sample calcined at 700℃, the 29Si MAS NMR sharp peak of Q4 (framework silicate-quartz) is left. Compared with kaolinite in gangue, the thermal transformed temperature of pure kaolinite is lagged. On the basis of the microstructure and cementitious properties of calcined gangue, the results can be concluded, in order to obtain metakaolinite, the optimum calcination temperature of this gangue is about 500℃, and the optimum temperature is about 700℃ for activated SiO₂ and Al₂O₃.     

Surface modification and model of glassy cementitious materials

Basic theory of surface modification about glassy cementitous materials is presented. At the same time modified glassy cementitous materials were manufactured by means of point activation and disperse and grind aid according to technology of mechanical-chemistry. This theory about surface modification has been proved by some experimental results such as SEM, size distribution, fluidity of the paste, physical-mechanical properties of the hardened paste and heat of the hydration. The particle size of modified fly ash is tending to become smaller and the shape of microfine particles seems a ball; strength of modified glassy cementitous materials and ordinary portland cement compound paste has a obvious increment and fluidity of the paste also has a noticeable improvement; surface modification also can accelerate the formation of paste structure to a certain degree. Besides a model about the interactive mechanism of modified glassy cementitous materials and ordinary portland cement is put forward. Foundation item: Supported by the Research Grant Council to the Hong Kong University of Science and Technology under Grant (RIG 94/95. EG07) Biography: Ma Bao-guo (1957-), male, Professor Ph. D, research direction: cement and concrete.     

水泥基复合胶凝材料流变性能

为了获得高性能混凝土内胶凝材料的优化配方，制备并测试了一系列试样。对试样的研究采用了均匀设计安排试验点，利用流变学原理，从流变参数、触变性、经时变化三个方面，对水泥基复合胶凝材料的工作性进行了研究。通过分析、比较找到了粉煤灰与矿渣、粉煤灰与硅灰以及矿渣与硅灰复合作为外掺料组成水泥基复合胶凝材料的优化配方，为高性能混凝土的配制打下了良好的基础。