黑鲷无水保活技术的初步研究

在确定黑鲷(Sparus macrocephalus)的生态冰温的基础上研究降温方法、暂养时间、温度控制、氧气供应等条件对黑鲷保活时间的影响,确定了黑鲷无水保活技术的工艺条件.实验结果表明:黑鲷的生态冰温为-1.1-6℃;经过48 h暂养后缓慢降温到6℃,在低温(2±0.5)℃无水条件下供纯氧可以使黑鲷存活6 h.     

大獭蛤苗种池塘中间培育试验

2002年9月至2003年4月,在广西海洋研究所古城基地进行大獭蛤（LutmriamaximaJonas）苗种池塘中间培育试验。试验在铺沙的池塘里进行,放养的大獭蛤苗种规格为壳长0．2～0．8mm,大獭蛤稚贝饵料为施肥繁殖的浮游藻类,以大部分大獭蛤稚贝壳长达到2cm为出苗标准。结果表明,在水温为20～30℃、盐度为zo％。以上,放苗量为375万粒／公顷的条件下,大獭蛤稚贝经过45～60d即可以培育成壳长为2cm左右的大规格苗种。     

大獭蛤常温和低温状态下的营养成分和氨基酸组成

在实验室内采用常规方法分析常温(25.0℃)和低温(2.0℃)状态下大獭蛤(Lutm r ia m ax im a jonas)的营养成分和氨基酸组成成份。结果表明,大獭蛤的一般营养成分的特点是蛋白质丰富、脂肪低,富含灰分,常温下水分、蛋白质和脂肪高于低温下,而灰分则是低温下高。大獭蛤蛋白质的氨基酸组成中富含呈味氨基酸,常温下,呈味氨基酸占干基的质量分数为35.83%、氨基酸总量的46.01%;低温下相应为30.34%和44.72%,其鲜味在常温状态浓于低温状态。必需氨基酸的组成丰富,常温下,必需氨基酸占干基总量的28.91%、氨基酸总量的37.12%;低温下,相应为25.63%和37.89%,常温下的氨基酸价优于低温下,但必需氨基酸的百分含量相对稳定。大獭蛤是一种优良、但不均衡的蛋白质食品。     

泥蚶低温保活技术的应用研究

对超声波净化减菌后的泥蚶在不同温度下保活，以探讨超声波净化后泥蚶在低温条件下保藏的影响．结果表明：最适保活温度为0℃，在此温度下泥蚶保活11d，存活率达100％、失重率为0．166％；泥蚶在一定的低温和适当厌氧环境下，有利于延长泥蚶的保活，温度在4℃时，普通封口包装存活天数可达17d，对照为15d，而真空封口包装不利泥蚶的保活，无论在什么温度下保藏存活时间都不超过1d；同时随着保活时间的延长，水分、蛋白质和游离氨基酸含量呈现下降趋势，而灰分呈现上升趋势．     

低温无水保活对虾夷扇贝肌肉质构和肝脏生化特性的影响

为探讨低温无水保活对虾夷扇贝肌肉质构和肝脏生理生化特性的影响,分析了不同保活条件下虾夷扇贝的存活率,研究了无水保活前、保活过程中(24、48、72、96h)和复水后(4、8h)虾夷扇贝的肌肉质构特性、乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)活性、糖原(Glc)质量比及肝脏中超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)、谷草转氨酶(GOT)、谷丙转氨酶(GPT)和溶菌酶(LZM)活性的变化。研究结果表明:无水保活虾夷扇贝的优化条件是暂养15min后,充氧、保湿环境中0℃保活。此条件下无水保活96h时存活率可达到85%。无水保活过程中扇贝肌肉的硬度、弹性和咀嚼性下降,而黏聚性增加,LDH活性显著上升(P<0.05),Glc质量比显著降低(P<0.05),复水后各项指标均有所恢复。随着保活时间的延长,扇贝肝脏中SOD、CAT、GOT、GPT和LZM活性显著上升(P<0.05),复水后迅速降低。因此,可通过低温无水保活的方式提高虾夷扇贝的存活率,保活过程对扇贝肌肉和肝脏虽造成了一定的损伤,但未导致无法恢复的伤害,复水后仍可一定程度保持鲜活虾夷扇贝的品质。     

盐度对大獭蛤胚胎发育的影响

在广西海洋研究所古城海水养殖实验基地进行人工养殖大獭蛤(Lutraria maxima Jonas)的实验。实验把大獭蛤精、卵置于盐度为21．3‰、24．0‰、26．6‰、29．3‰、31．9‰、34．6‰、37．3‰的海水中静水受精及孵化,从人工受精开始到D型幼虫期连续观察盐度对胚胎发育情况。每个海水盐度设3个重复,海水温度保持恒温(28．7℃)。实验结果表明,大獭蛤的受精过程和受精卵发育过程都受到海水盐度的影响,大獭蛤能正常受精的适宜盐度为29．3‰～31．9‰,大獭蛤受精卵正常发育的适宜盐度为26．6‰～31．9‰。     

大獭蛤人工苗种浅海沉箱式中间培育试验研究

分别于2008年月12月至2009年3月和2009年5月至8月,2次在北海市乔港镇沿岸浅海进行大獭蛤(Lutraria maxima Jonas)人工苗种自然海区沉箱式中间培育试验。试验培育工具为长方形聚乙烯水果框,规格为长×宽×高=50cm×35cm×15cm,放苗前框内装满中沙。试验用大獭蛤苗种规格为壳长0.2~0.5cm。分别经过2次75d和45d的中间培育,大獭蛤人工苗种增长至出苗规格2.5~3.5cm,成活率分别为42.56%、41.13%。在海水温度25.0~31.5℃和1000粒/筐养殖密度下,大獭蛤人工苗种的浅海沉箱中间培育生长速度快,成活率高,苗种活力强,养殖成活率高。     

大獭蛤的胚胎、幼虫及稚贝的形态发育

在广西海洋研究所海滨公园育苗场进行大獭蛤(Lutraria maxima Jonas)的胚胎发育观察及人工育苗实验。实验亲贝取自北海市侨港码头。通过人工授精获取受精卵。取部分受精卵在实验室用显微镜进行胚胎发育观察及拍照，在囊胚期之前每隔10min取样1次，囊胚期之后每个半小时取样1次，胚胎发育观察至D形幼虫期。大部分受精卵在育苗池中进行人工育苗实验，育苗期间每天取样1次，在显微镜下进行观察、测量及拍照，并记录贝苗大小及发育期情况。实验期间水温变化为25．0～28．7℃，盐度为29．3‰～31．9‰。根据观察记录结果，得出大獭蛤胚胎发育及贝苗生长发育图谱，并描述了大獭蛤的胚胎发育及其幼虫、稚贝的形态。     

弓獭蛤(Lutraria arcuata)的重金属富集特征及其对镉胁迫的生理响应

底播经济贝类对重金属的高富集能力与食品安全问题密切相关，本研究对北部湾重要经济贝类弓獭蛤(Lutraria arcuata)的重金属污染指数、富集系数以及弓獭蛤对镉的生理响应进行探讨，为弓獭蛤的安全食用和底播经济贝类的安全养殖提供理论基础。研究测定北海市3处海域12个站位的海水和弓獭蛤中7种常见重金属Hg、As、Zn、Cd、Pb、Cu、Cr的含量，计算富集系数；对弓獭蛤进行不同浓度的Cd胁迫，检测弓獭蛤体内对Cd富集的组织-时间-剂量效应，同时检测其体内超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GPx)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)和丙二醛(MDA)等生理生化指标随胁迫时间的变化情况。结果显示，弓獭蛤对Cd的富集系数在7种重金属中最高，个别站位的弓獭蛤Cd污染指数达到轻度污染水平。弓獭蛤不同组织中的Cd含量均和胁迫浓度、时间呈正相关关系，内脏团对Cd的富集能力最强。SOD、GPx、CAT酶活力及MDA的含量整体上呈现前期上升后期下降的趋势，但4种指标受应激影响的变化并不强烈，各浓度实验组和对照组之间的差异不显著。弓獭蛤对环境中的重金属Cd吸收能力极强，若海水中的Cd浓度增加，则易造成食品安全问题，应引起警醒。     

基于RNA-seq测序的弓獭蛤(Lutraria rhynchaena)不同组织转录组差异研究

弓獭蛤(Lutraria rhynchaena)是我国南方沿海重要的海水养殖贝类,为探讨弓獭蛤不同组织的基因表达差异,本研究采用RNA-seq测序技术对北部湾海域弓獭蛤7种组织(肌肉、外套膜、鳃、肝胰腺、虹吸管、雌性性腺和雄性性腺)进行转录组测序及生物信息学分析。结果显示,21个样本共获得939 197 518条质控后序列,各组织质控后的碱基数为15.39-29.26 G。测序结果经过Denovo组装和ORF查找共获得56 773个Unigenes。在5个公共数据库NR (Non-Redundant protein sequence database)、GO (Gene Ontology)、eggNOG(evolutionary genealogy of genes:Non-supervised Orthologous Groups)、KEGG(Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes)和SWISS-Prot对比各注释分别得到24 557、13 094、17 524、10 352和13 857条有效注释信息。本研究获得了大量弓獭蛤组织间的差异表达基因,丰富了弓獭蛤的基因数据库,为更深入地了解弓獭蛤各组织功能,进一步挖掘和开发利用弓獭蛤功能基因提供基础数据。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.