基于多重判据的高楼山隧道岩爆倾向性判别

为探究不同层理倾角对岩体岩爆倾向性的影响,以武九高速土建工程高楼山隧道的层理灰岩为研究对象,通过室内单轴加载与加卸载试验,结合弹性应变能岩爆指标、临界埋深岩爆指标、陶振宇岩爆指标和Russense岩爆指标对不同层理角度的岩样进行了岩爆倾向性综合分析.结果表明:不同岩爆指标的判别结果之间存在一定差异;层理角度对岩爆倾向性有显著性影响,当层理角度为60°时岩爆倾向性最高,层理角度为45°时岩爆临界埋深最浅;基于多重判据的岩爆倾向性判别法为在具有层理结构岩体的地下工程中进行岩爆灾害的预测预报提供了有益参考.     

深井矿山开采中岩爆发生机理及其预测方法研究

岩爆是深井矿山开采中的重要灾害之一.本文从岩爆的发生机理及预测方法等方面,阐述了目前国内外学者的理论研究.简要介绍了岩爆发生机理最常用的理论依据有：强度理论、能量理论和刚度理论;并介绍了岩爆倾向性预测的几种判据：最大主应力判据、最大剪应力判据、能量判据、冲击倾向性判据等.     

引汉济渭工程秦岭隧洞岩爆数值模拟与岩爆预测研究

以引汉济渭秦岭隧洞工程为研究对象,针对工程埋深大、地应力高和地质条件复杂的特点,进行高地应力条件下超长深埋隧洞岩爆的数值模拟预测研究。基于隧洞围岩工程力学性质和原始地应力反演数据,通过数值模拟技术,运用离散元法软件(3DEC),对研究区域的五个代表性埋深段进行隧洞开挖数值模拟,分析开挖后围岩的二次应力、位移变化和破坏情况。选择五种不同的岩爆判据对围岩岩爆等级进行预测,并将综合评判结果与实际岩爆发生情况对比。研究表明,基于离散元计算预测岩爆的方法是可行的,预测岩爆等级与实际岩爆发生情况基本吻合。     

大岩湾高速铁路隧道岩爆综合分析预测

针对沪昆高速铁路大岩湾隧道埋深大、岩性脆而坚硬的特点,选取隧道典型断面进行了水压致裂地应力原位测试,获得了实测深度范围内地应力的大小和方向。为对隧道全线进行岩爆预测预警,在地应力测试的基础上,采用弹性应变能指数法、应力强度比法、有限元反演法对隧道岩爆进行分析。最后,以大岩湾隧道地应力条件、岩性特征、围岩结构特征、地下水条件四个方面为基本条件,对隧道岩爆进行了综合分析预测。结果表明:该综合预测方法的准确度较以往单一的岩爆预测方法有了很大提高,对隧道岩爆预测预警有很好的实际指导意义。     

深埋公路隧道高地应力场特征分析及岩爆预测

深埋隧道岩体中有较高地应力,在岩石强度较高的围岩处易发生岩爆,影响围岩稳定性。笔架山公路隧道埋深大,为降低其安全建设风险,本文通过工程区岩样岩体力学实验对围岩性质进行研究,结合地应力资料建立三维有限元地质模型反演隧址区地应力场,最终利用谷-陶岩爆判据和强度应力比岩爆判据对笔架山隧道岩爆状态进行预测。结果表明：隧道工程区内岩体有中等-强烈岩爆倾向;隧道沿线地应力场由自重应力场主导,大多数区段岩体处于极高应力状态,且水平最大主应力与隧道夹角较小,有利于围岩稳定;开挖后沿线围岩最大主应力峰值为63.2MPa,均发生在断面侧壁,因此在该部位发生岩爆的可能性较大;隧道沿线24%区段有发生岩爆的可能,且以中等-高岩爆活动为主,岩爆预测结果可为隧道开挖施工和灾害防治提供参考。     

对金川矿区不良岩体水平巷道地压活动规律的几点认识

本文着重阐述了对金川矿区不良岩体平巷地压活动规律的几点看法。通过现场调查,特别是根据较大量的现场围岩变形量测的资料,结合进行非线性YPZ-2程序的有限元分析和室内模型试验。采用这些综合方法研究,得出如下规律:1.金川矿区不良岩体具有明显的流变特征,如果支护得当,多数巷道地压基本属于稳定性流变地压。2.金川二矿区Ⅱ-Ⅱ岩组喷锚网支护的双轨巷道围岩移动范围约为8～9米,围岩松动圈一般大于1.5米,小于2.5米。3.巷道围岩内出现两个压缩区,一个膨胀区和一个松动区。压缩区对圃岩起支撑作用,而松动区别为支护所抑制,从而使巷道处于稳定状态。4.金川矿区岩体存在较大的水平构造应力,它对巷道地压活动特点有重要影响:5.金川矿区在以绿泥石片岩为代表的膨胀性岩石中,在风干、遇水后将产生不可忽视的膨胀压力。 最后,本文依据岩石力学原理从巷道布置、巷道形状,支护结构、支护施工程序和排水疏干等方面扼要地提出了金川矿区不良岩体巷道地压控制的主要方法和措施,强调采用监控法施工,使巷道维护既安全又经济。     

深部巷道围岩松动圈厚度测试及支护体变形机制分析

基于声波测试技术对金川二矿区深部巷道围岩松动圈进行了现场测试,通过对测试结果进行的分析和研究,得到了金川深部巷道围岩松动圈厚度的基本特征.借助FLAC3D数值分析程序建立了随机裂隙网络模型,分析了金川深部矿区巷道围岩塑性区发展规律.结合现场围岩变形收敛规律及支护体变形特征,基于喷锚网支护体与巷道围岩相互作用的力学机理,研究分析了金川深部巷道双层喷锚网支护结构的变形机制.     

可拓综合评价方法在岩爆判别中的应用

岩爆是岩体高应力区的一种重要地质现象,是地下工程建设中必须关注的重要地质工程问题之一.文中提出3个最能控制岩爆发生的指标:围岩二次应力的最大主应力与岩石抗压强度比、岩爆倾向性指数和岩体完整性指数.以这3个指标为影响因素,确定了岩爆发生等级的判断标准.在此基础上采用可拓方法对岩爆的发生及等级进行了综合判断,并运用已经完成的工程实例进行了验证.     

大岗山深埋硬岩公路隧道岩爆预测

位于川西和青藏高原接触带的长大深埋硬岩公路隧道建设面临极大的岩爆危害,对其岩爆倾向性的准确预测是解决这一瓶颈问题的关键手段。以泸石高速大岗山隧道为工程背景,基于地勘中地形地貌、地质构造、岩石力学参数和地应力实测数据资料,采用数值模拟和数理统计相结合的方法,反演分析隧址区全线初始地应力场,系统分析了大岗山隧道各断面开挖洞周围岩二次应力,基于应力判据法对其岩爆发生情况进行了综合预测。结果表明:隧道全线地应力场分布规律以竖向应力为主,竖向应力量值最大达33.25 MPa,且局部地应力复杂,水平构造作用明显,以NWW-SEE向挤压作用为主,具备发生岩爆条件;隧道埋深大于408 m时有中等、强烈岩爆活动,中等岩爆段长度占隧道全长的13.8%,强烈岩爆段长度占隧道全长的39.7%,且埋深大于450 m时岩爆在边墙部位发生;岩爆发生受地形地貌、地质构造影响显著,由于地应力在软弱岩体中得到释放,断裂带、辉绿岩脉内部无岩爆活动,而断裂带和沟谷地形会使其附近完整花岗岩段内出现地应力集中现象,从而加剧其岩爆烈度。     

运用AHP-FUZZY法判定岩质边坡稳定性

在综合分析岩质边坡稳定性评价因素的基础上,对岩质边坡稳定性影响因素进行系统分类,提出一种岩质边坡稳定性预测评价的方法,即系统决策和模糊数学相结合的层次分析-模糊综合评价法(AHP-FUZZ-Y).该方法考虑了影响岩质边坡稳定性的多种因素,并对各种因素的重要性进行分析,给出不同的影响程度权值,从而避免单一判据和主观臆断所带来的局限性.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

Jane Eyre——A Feminist In The 19th Century

In the 19th century the society was controlled by men, and women were just appendants of them, they had not any rights and freedom. But Jane was an exception, she showed some characteristics of early feminist. Jane showed her characteristics of feminism in three aspects: rebellion, equality, and independence. These characteristics were helpful to her success, and feminism is the only way out for women of that time.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-