瑞芬太尼复合丙泊酚在婴幼儿先天性唇腭裂修复术中的应用

探讨了瑞芬太尼、丙泊酚全凭静脉麻醉与芬太尼、丙泊酚和异氟烷静吸复合麻醉在婴幼儿先天性唇腭裂修复术中应用的比较。30例ASAⅠ~Ⅱ级择期行先天性唇腭裂修复术患儿,年龄8个月~3岁,随机分为瑞芬太尼、丙泊酚全凭静脉麻醉组（Ⅰ组）与芬太尼、丙泊酚和异氟烷静吸复合麻醉组（Ⅱ组）。Ⅰ组麻醉诱导后持续输注瑞芬太尼和丙泊酚维持麻醉;Ⅱ组麻醉诱导单次注入芬太尼后持续输注丙泊酚、辅助吸入异氟烷维持麻醉。观察术中血流动力学变化情况,术后苏醒、拔管情况及术后躁动发生情况。插管、手术开始后5 min、拔管时Ⅱ组HR、MAP均高于Ⅰ组HR、MAP（P〈0.01）;两组患儿自主呼吸恢复时间、拔管时间、苏醒时间I组均少于Ⅱ组（P〈0.01）;而在术后躁动发生率中II组少于Ⅰ组（P〈0.05）。瑞芬太尼、丙泊酚全凭静脉麻醉用于婴幼儿先天性唇腭裂修复术手术较芬太尼、丙泊酚和异氟烷复合麻醉围术期血流动力学更为平稳,术后苏醒迅速,而术后躁动发生率较高,可能与术后疼痛相关。     

瑞芬太尼靶控静注在静吸复合麻醉中的应用观察

目的:探讨瑞芬太尼靶控输注在静吸复合麻醉中应用的临床意义.方法:选择2005年-2006年在我院行妇科腹腔镜手术病人120例,随机分为两组,每组60例,分别用瑞芬太尼或芬太尼 丙泊酚 安定 司可林诱导,瑞芬太尼或芬太尼靶控输注,吸入氨氟醚,间断给仙林维持,记录麻醉诱导和气管插管时的血压、心率、血氧饱和度,术后停药后病人自主呼吸恢复时间、呼之睁眼时间、定向力恢复时间、拔管时间,病人拔管后即刻、1h、3h、24h的意识状态、认识功能、伤口疼痛程度.结果:所有病人诱导后血压均明显降低(P＜0.01),两组无显著差异,术后瑞芬太尼组麻醉恢复苏醒快、舒适,定向力恢复时间、拔管时间都短于芬太尼组.结论:瑞芬太尼靶控输注,麻醉诱导迅速,维持平稳,停药后清醒快,术后恢复好.     

瑞芬太尼复合异丙酚在小儿手术中的麻醉效果及安全性研究

研究瑞芬太尼复合异丙酚在小儿手术中应用的安全性和有效性.通过80例择期手术的患儿随机分为K组(氯胺酮组)和R组(瑞芬太尼组),每组40例,两组先给予静脉诱导后,术中麻醉维持K组采用静脉泵注氯胺酮和异丙酚,R组用瑞芬太尼和异丙酚.观察两组用药前、后及术中的血流动力学变化,同时观察麻醉效果(用VAS方法)、麻醉苏醒等情况.结果发现:两组麻醉效果均满意,但R组术中血流动力学变化幅度,术后苏醒恢复状况均优于K组(P＜0.05).在相同的麻醉效果下使用瑞芬太尼的患儿术后苏醒快,安全性佳.     

丙泊酚复合瑞芬太尼静脉麻醉在小儿鼾症手术中的应用

目的比较丙泊酚、瑞芬太尼全凭静脉麻醉与丙泊酚、芬太尼和异氟烷复合麻醉用于小儿鼾症手术的临床效果。方法30例4～10岁的患儿随机分为丙泊酚瑞芬太尼组（PR组）与丙泊酚芬太尼异氟烷组（PFI组）。麻醉诱导后,PR组持续输注丙泊酚瑞芬太尼,PFI组持续输注丙泊酚,间断静推芬太尼,辅助吸入异氟烷维持麻醉。术中根据循环反应调整丙泊酚速度及芬太尼的用量。记录术中循环变化,术后麻醉恢复情况。结果两组间患者年龄、性别、体重无统计学差异,与PR组相比PFI组插管时及术中血压、心率波动较大;两组间在拔管时间、睁眼时间、语言命令反应时间及定向力恢复时间均有显著性差异,PR组明显较短。结论与PFI组相比,PR组麻醉术中循环稳定,术后清醒迅速、完善。     

无肌松药下靶控输注瑞芬太尼在困难气道光棒引导气管插管中的应用

目的:探讨无肌松药下靶控输注瑞芬太尼在困难气道光棒引导气管插管中的应用.方法:选择2017年2月至2019年10月在成都医学院附一名山分院行气管插管术的困难气道患者82例进行研究.患者随机分为2组,各41例.对照组采用瑞芬太尼单次注射的给药方法,观察组则采用靶控输注的方式麻醉.比较2组患者插管成功率、应激反应指标、生命...     

应用瑞芬太尼治疗烧伤病人60例疗效分析

目的观察瑞芬太尼在烧伤手术期间对血压、心率的影响.方法选择患者60例,随机分为观察组(R组)和对照组(F组),每组30例.R组于手术开始前2 min静脉注射瑞芬太尼1μg/kg,手术开始后即刻持续静脉注入瑞芬太尼0.1μg/(kg.min-1),F组分别给予等量的芬太尼.分别记录病人入室后麻醉前(T1)、切痂取皮时(T2)、植皮时(T3)、术毕呼之睁眼时(T4)血压、心率.结果瑞芬太尼组在切痂取皮、麻醉维持期间MAP及HR变化显著低于芬太尼组(P<0.05),呼之睁眼时间为(9.6±4.7)min,较芬太尼组短.结论静脉泵注瑞芬太尼 异丙酚对烧伤患者影响轻微,术后苏醒快.     

Narcotrend指数指导丙泊酚和瑞芬太尼联合闭环靶控输注在颈椎手术中的临床应用

目的:评价Narcotrend指数(NI)指导丙泊酚和瑞芬太尼联合闭环靶控输注麻醉在颈椎手术中的应用价值.方法:纳入需行颈椎前路神经减压术的患者60例,ASA分级Ⅰ~Ⅲ级,随机分为两组:闭环组(A组)和人工组(B组).两组均以相同的方式诱导,当NI下降至≤46且持续30 s以上时,A组设置NI的目标值为36自动闭环靶控输注丙泊酚和瑞芬太尼;B组由麻醉医师手动调节丙泊酚和瑞芬太尼的靶质量浓度维持NI在(26~46).记录诱导前即刻(T_1)、诱导后即刻(T_2)、气管插管后1 min(T_3)、减压前(T_4)、减压后1 min(T_5)、减压后3 min(T_6)、减压后5 min(T_7)的心率(HR)、平均动脉压(MAP)和NI,计算两组丙泊酚、瑞芬太尼、阿托品、麻黄碱和乌拉地尔等药物使用量,不同麻醉深度(NI26~46、NI26、NI46)的时间比例及拔管时间.结果:与B组比较,A组充分麻醉NI26~46所占时间百分比升高,丙泊酚平均维持质量浓度降低,瑞芬太尼平均维持质量浓度增加,拔管时间缩短(P0.05).结论:NI指导丙泊酚和瑞芬太尼联合闭环靶控输注应用于颈椎前路手术麻醉,术中可维持稳定的麻醉深度,与人工组相比,精确的调控方式使术中的血流动力学更加平稳,丙泊酚用量减少,苏醒更加迅速.     

国产苯磺酸顺式阿曲库铵在成人麻醉诱导中的应用

观察不同剂量国产苯磺酸顺式阿曲库铵用于成人麻醉诱导的药效学与插管条件.根据美国麻醉医师协会(ASA)分级Ⅰ-Ⅱ级,选择60例择期行面肌痉挛纤维血管减压术、年龄在27～65岁的患者,随机均分为C2(2倍ED95组:2倍95%的有效药物剂量)、C3(3倍ED95组)、C414倍ED95组)和C616倍ED95组)4个组.各组在麻醉诱导后于5 s内单次静脉注入相应剂量的苯磺酸顺式阿曲库铵.采用国产BIOMETER拇内收肌肌张力肌松监测仪测定拇内收肌诱发颤搐反应的变化.观察气管插管条件以及苯磺酸顺式阿曲库铵的药效学.结果显示,4个组均能完成气管插管,C6组插管评分显著低于C2、C3、C4组,而C2、C3和C4组插管评分差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).4组阻滞起效时间随剂量的增加相应缩短,TOF无反应期、阻滞维持时间、体内作用时间随剂量增加而延长,但各组肌松恢复指数差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).4组患者均无过敏反应发生.因此得出结论:成年患者,2倍ED95、3倍ED95、4倍ED95和6倍ED95苯磺酸顺式阿曲库铵均能成功诱导插管,不同剂量苯磺酸顺阿曲库铵随剂量的增加起效时间缩短,肌松作用时间延长,但肌松恢复指数无差异.     

瑞芬太尼诱导用于产科全麻对产妇及新生儿的影响

目的:探讨瑞芬太尼用于产科全身麻醉(简称全麻)诱导对产妇及新生儿的影响.方法:选择行剖宫产手术并且必须行全麻的产妇70例,随机分为A组(对照组)和B组(瑞芬太尼诱导组).监测患者入室(T0)、切皮(T1)、气管插管(T2)和拔管(T3)4个时间点两组产妇血流动力学参数、所有新生儿出生时Apgar评分.结果:切皮、插管两个时间点,A组患者血压、心率明显高于B组患者,拔管时两组患者血压、心率比较无统计学差异.两组新生儿Apgar评分无统计学差异.结论:瑞芬太尼麻醉诱导平稳,且对新生儿Apgar评分无影响,因此,瑞芬太尼可以安全地用于产科全麻诱导.     

同剂量米库氯铵在不同年龄段小儿麻醉中的肌松时效研究

目的探讨不同剂量米库氯铵在不同年龄段小儿麻醉中的肌松时效.方法选取收治的72例拟行气管插管的择期手术患儿,根据年龄将入选患儿分为年龄≤3岁(Ⅰ组)和年龄3岁组(Ⅱ组),每组各36例.以上两组中再按首次给予米库氯铵的剂量(0.2,0.25 mg/kg)随机分为2个亚组,依次为Ⅰ0.2,Ⅰ0.25组和Ⅱ0.2,Ⅱ0.25组,每组各18例.当患儿肌颤搐反应恢复至25%时,间断给予0.1 mg/kg米库氯铵维持肌松状态.连续监测尺神经4个成串刺激的反应,观察肌肉时效指标;同时观察各组患儿的循环功能和不良反应情况.结果Ⅰ组患儿Th Dmax的起效时间明显短于Ⅱ组,两组患儿中0.25 mg/kg组的起效时间均明显高于0.2 mg/kg组,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05);各组患儿插管条件均为优或良,差异均无统计学意义(P0.05).各组患儿首次给药和多次追加米库氯铵的作用时间,末次追加米库氯铵患儿的各项恢复指数、TOFR75、TOFR90的时间之间差异均无统计学意义(P0.05);各组患儿给予米库氯铵后心率、血压与麻醉诱导前相比差异均无统计学意义(P0.05);未出现支气管哮喘,有少数患儿出现胸前、颈前皮肤潮红症状,在给药后10 min内均自行消退.结论米库氯铵在婴幼儿中的起效快于年龄3岁的儿童;0.25 mg/kg给药剂量起效快于0.2 mg/kg给药剂量组;神经肌肉功能恢复与小儿的年龄、追加次数无明显关联.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with     

Journal of Donghua University ( English Edition) Contents of Volume 31

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