水果和蔬菜中苯醚甲环唑残留量的气相色谱-串联质谱测定方法研究

目的建立气相色谱-串联质谱法测定水果和蔬菜中苯醚甲环唑残留的分析方法.方法试样用乙腈提取,经Sep-Pak Carbon NH2固相萃取柱净化,气相色谱分离,串联质谱多反应监测模式下测定,外标法定量.结果苯醚甲环唑质量浓度在0.01mg/L~2.5mg/L范围内线性关系良好,相关系数R0.996.苯醚甲环唑在不同基质中平均回收率为73.40%~115.1%,相对标准偏差为4.86%~13.24%,检出限为0.005mg/kg.结论该方法灵敏度高,选择性好,抗干扰能力强,适合苯醚甲环唑残留量的定性确证分析和定量分析.     

气相色-质联用法测定食品中腐霉利残留量

建立了气相色谱-质谱法测定食品中腐霉利的快速分析方法。样品用乙腈提取,通过石墨化碳固相萃取柱净化,经DB-5 ms气相色谱柱分离,正电子电离（EI⁺）、选择离子监测模（SIM）为定量离子和定性离子进行MS测定。结果表明,腐霉利添加水平为0.010、0.020和0.040mg/kg 时,回收率为102.8%～111.3%,相对标准偏差小于10%,最低检出限为0.005mg/kg。本方法具有很高的灵敏度和准确度,能够满足食品中腐霉利残留量的快速、高灵敏检测分析。     

气相色谱-质谱法测定食品中残留的艾氏剂和狄氏剂

建立了一种测定食品中艾氏剂和狄氏剂残留量的气相色谱-质谱方法.样品中的艾氏剂和狄氏剂经丙酮-正己烷混合溶剂均质提取,凝胶层析柱结合弗罗里硅土固相萃取小柱净化,气相色谱-质谱选择离子方法进行测定,外标法定量.实验结果表明:样品中加入5～200μg/kg浓度水平的艾氏剂和狄氏剂,回收率在79.8%～106.2%之间,相对标准偏差小于7.17%(RSD,n=10).本方法线性响应良好,提取效率高,干扰少,可用于粮谷、蔬菜、水果等植物产品以及肉、鱼等动物产品中艾氏剂和狄氏剂残留量的测定.     

气相色谱-质谱法测定木制文具中含氯苯酚

建立了气相色谱-质谱联用(GC-MS)测定木制文具中10种含氯苯酚(三氯苯酚、四氯苯酚、五氯苯酚)的方法.采用甲醇提取试样,含氯苯酚在碳酸钾溶液中经乙酸酐乙酰化后用正己烷萃取,再由气相色谱-质谱联用仪进行测定.含氯苯酚类化合物在0.1 mg/kg～200.0 mg/kg范围内呈良好线性,相关系数(r)为0.999 6～0.999 9,检出限(LOD)均为0.1 mg/kg,加标回收率在88.3¹03.6%之间,相对标准偏差(RSD)(n=6)小于6%.结果表明,该方法操作简便,回收率好,重现性好.     

固相微萃取-气相色谱-串联质谱法测定蜂蜜中双甲脒及其代谢产物残留

建立了同时测定蜂蜜中的双甲脒及其代谢产物2,4-二甲基苯胺残留量的固相微萃取-气相色谱-串联质谱法。对固相微萃取的实验条件(萃取纤维、萃取时间、p H值等)进行了选择和优化,并建立了气相色谱-串联质谱(GC-MS/MS)的仪器检测方法。结果表明:在优化的实验条件下,双甲脒和2,4-二甲基苯胺的最低检出限分别为0.5μg/kg和3.0μg/kg;在0.01~1.0 mg/kg的浓度范围内,二者的添加回收率范围分别为81.9%~98.2%和75.5%~90.6%,相对标准偏差分别为5.0%~15.4%和7.9%~17.2%。该方法操作简便、灵敏度高、准确可靠,适用于蜂蜜中双甲脒及2,4-二甲基苯胺的检测。     

气相色谱-质谱法测定鱼肉中丁香酚的残留

研究建立一种鱼肉中丁香酚(eugenol)残留量的固相萃取-气相色谱-质谱检测方法.样品采用正己烷提取,硅胶柱净化,乙酸乙酯洗脱,气相色谱-质谱测定,内标法定量.丁香酚的响应值与其质量浓度在0.005~0.5 mg·L-1范围内的线性关系良好,相关系数为0.999 8;10~200μg·kg-1添加浓度的日内和日间平均回收率为80.6%~93.2%,相对标准偏差为3.47%~8.47%;检出限为5μg·kg-1,最低定量限为10μg·kg-1.该方法适用于鱼肉中丁香酚残留的检测.     

粮谷中21种薰蒸剂残留量同时检测的顶空气相色谱方法的研究

采用气相色谱法电子俘获检测器,顶空进样装置建立了同时测定玉米、糙米、花生、大豆、小豆5种粮谷中三氯甲烷等21种熏蒸剂残留量的检测方法。21种熏蒸剂在0.05～10μg/mL范围内线性良好,线性相关系数均大于0.999。除顺-1,3-二氯丙烯和反-1,3-二氯丙烯为0.01mg/kg外,其余测定低限均为0.005mg/kg。在0.005～0.1mg/kg添加水平范围内,回收率范围为70.0%～95.5%。实验结果表明,建立的该检测方法样品用量少,操作简便,快速,分离完全,成本低,易普及,该方法定性、定量准确,完全满足国外检测要求,可广泛用于粮谷中熏蒸剂的检验。     

气相色谱-质谱法快速测定电子电气产品中溴化阻燃剂

建立了气相色谱-质谱联用仪(GC-MS)测定电子电气产品中溴化阻燃剂多溴联苯(PBBs)、多溴联苯醚(PBDEs)的快速方法。样品经粉碎、超声萃取,用SCAN和SIM扫描,利用保留时间定性,质谱特征离子定量分析。结果表明:多溴联苯混标和多溴联苯醚混标的检出限、回收率和重复性都较好,方法检出限2 mg/kg,PBBs和PBDEs的回收率范围为80%～96%。本方法具有简便快速、灵敏度高、准确可靠等特点,符合对电子电气产品中塑料原料及部件中溴化阻燃剂的分析测试要求。     

气相色谱-质谱联用法测定内墙涂料中的游离甲醛

本文建立了内墙涂料中游离甲醛的气相色谱-质谱联用测定方法。优化了甲醛与2,4-二硝基苯肼的衍生条件。研究数据显示,该方法简便快捷、准确可靠。加标回收率在87.5%-94.6%之间;相对偏差小于5%,检出限为0.5 mg/kg。     

气相色谱-质谱法同时测定环境土壤中21种有机氯农药

建立了气相色谱-质谱法同时测定环境土壤中21种有机氯农药的分析方法。环境土壤基质经过萃取、净化和浓缩后用气相色谱-质谱法进行测定。研究结果表明:21种有机氯农药在0.2~4.0mg/kg范围内线性关系良好,相关系数大于0.997 9。4,4'-DDT和2,4'-DDT的检出限为0.02mg/kg,其余19种有机氯农药的检出限为0.01mg/kg。在0.25mg/kg添加水平下的回收率为62.5%~103.0%,RSD为4.8%~9.1%;在0.80mg/kg添加水平下的回收率为70.8%~99.8%,RSD为3.2%~7.4%。本方法适用于环境土壤基质中21种有机氯农药的同时测定,为土壤环境中有机氯农药检测方法拓展提供参考。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.