基于气流法筛选复合泡沫驱用起泡剂体系

针对某油田复合泡沫驱用起泡剂的性能评价,采用气流法对复合泡沫体系驱油用起泡剂的起泡性、稳泡性及其影响因素进行研究。静态试验结果表明:起泡剂浓度、地层水矿化度、气液比等因素对体系性能具有重要影响。通过对比试验发现,阴离子型起泡剂的起泡性能和稳泡性能最优,其中QP-2在不同的气液比和地层水矿化度条件下都具有较好的起泡性能和稳泡性能,并且其最佳使用浓度为0.5%,在不同气液比情况下随矿化度的增加,起泡剂的综合性能逐渐降低,但影响不大,随气液比的增大,起泡剂的起泡性和稳泡性也随之增加。     

抗盐表面活性剂及其复配体系的泡沫性能

利用泡沫扫描仪研究了不同种类表面活性剂及其复配体系的起泡性、稳泡性和抗盐性．结果表明,在去离子水中有5种表面活性剂的起泡体积大于160mL,泡沫半衰期超过60min．无机盐对仅一烯烃磺酸钠（AOS）、椰油酰胺丙基二甲基甜菜碱（CAB）和非离子双子表面活性剂（DWS）的泡沫性能影响较小．DWS含量在80％附近,AOS／DWS和CAB／DWS的泡沫稳定性得到明显改善．     

QW-2型氮气泡沫驱起泡剂的研究及其性能评价

为了选择一种适合BZ25．1油田氮气泡沫驱用的起泡剂,利用Waring Blender法分别从多种起泡剂体系和稳泡剂体系中筛选出起泡性能好的起泡剂QP-2和稳泡能力强的稳泡剂WP-3,采用复配增效原理,研制成QW-2型泡沫剂．该体系具有良好的耐温抗盐陛和耐油性能,通过泡沫体系物理模拟试验,测定了泡沫在岩心中驱油效果．室内试验表明,QW-2体系能提高采收率14．5％．     

新型耐温抗高盐驱油泡沫体系的确定

采用抗盐性能较好的起泡剂XN,对三种抗盐性较好的稳泡剂HXYP、YPA、PAM,在温度为80℃,矿化度为20.3×10 4mg/L条件下,进行了单独和两两复配后的起泡性能对比。实验结果显示：在稳泡剂和起泡剂总浓度相同的条件下,单一稳泡剂体系和YPA与PAM复配稳泡体系不能产生稳定的泡沫,HXYP与YPA、 PAM复配稳泡体系均在配比为9∶1条件下抗盐性能最佳。并对这两种复配稳泡体系进行了起泡剂和稳泡剂总量的优选,确定了泡沫体系的两种配方：①稳泡剂：HXYP1800mg/L＋YPA200mg/L,起泡剂：XN2 000mg/L;②稳泡剂：HXYP1800mg/L＋PAM200mg/L,起泡剂：XN2000mg/L。两个体系的泡沫质量和半衰期分别为68%、59.7min和67.7%、64.1min,抗高盐性能优越。     

巨型表面活性剂强化泡沫封堵性能研究

泡沫驱是一种重要的提升原油采收率技术。本文通过多重点击反应,采用一锅法合成了一种巨型表面活性剂类稳泡剂HPOSS-PS25,利用HPOSS-PS25较高的表面活性及较强的增粘性能,显著改善了起泡液的起泡性能及其泡沫稳定性、粘弹性。通过稳泡实验及泡沫流动实验测定并分析了HPOSS-PS25对起泡液起泡能力及泡沫稳定性、调驱性能的影响。结果发现,与HPAM/SDS泡沫及起泡体系相比,HPOSS-PS25/SDS体系起泡200 ml所用起泡时间缩短了40.1%,为42.3 s;泡沫消泡半衰期提升了128.0%,达871.4 s;50℃阻力因子提高了28.8%,达985。     

复合泡沫酸体系的优选及性能评价

泡沫酸是针对常规酸化反应速度太快、腐蚀作用强、难以返排的缺点而提出的一种缓速酸体系,是以常规酸液及其添加剂为基液,由起泡剂发泡和稳泡剂稳定构成的多相体系。实验对泡沫酸的起泡性能进行了评价,并从温度、原油含量、稳泡剂浓度对起泡性能的影响等方面进行了对比,分别优选出起泡能力和稳泡能力较强的起泡剂和稳泡剂。同时,通过复合泡沫酸体系与石英砂、钢材N80的实验可以看出,泡沫酸体系具有很好的缓速作用和缓蚀作用。泡沫酸具有泡沫所具有的表观粘度高,易返排,携带能力强,以及对地层渗透率和对油水层的选择性的特点,通过室内物理模拟实验,确定了满足现场施工条件的复合泡沫酸体系,为酸化工艺的实施提供了重要的理论依据。     

纳米氢氧化铝稳定泡沫性能研究

通过原位表面活性化可使纳米颗粒变成表面活性颗粒,使其能够吸附在气-液界面上形成颗粒单层,这种颗粒单层类似于表面活性剂在气-液界面上的吸附单分子层,有起泡和稳泡的作用.研究了纳米氢氧化铝与表面活性剂SDS及OP-10复配产生的泡沫的性能.结果表明,以水为溶剂时,OP-10基本不能使纳米氢氧化铝颗粒原位表面活性化,不能在起泡和稳泡方面产生协同效应.而阴离子表面活性剂SDS能够通过静电作用吸附在纳米氢氧化铝颗粒表面,使颗粒表面覆盖一层烷基链而亲水性减弱,从而能以颗粒单层形式吸附在气-液界面上起到起泡和稳泡的作用.当SDS质量分数大于0.6%后,表面活性剂分子在颗粒表面形成双层或多层吸附,打破了活性颗粒的亲水-亲油平衡,纳米颗粒重新转变为强亲水颗粒,起泡、稳泡能力下降.质量分数0.1%纳米Al(OH)3+SDS体系的泡沫封堵性能明显优于单一SDS体系,文中实验条件下阻力因子可达100以上.     

氮气泡沫驱用起泡剂优选及起泡性能评价

以综合起泡能力作为评价指标,利用Waring Blender评价方法,在对常用起泡剂进行初选的基础上,对起泡剂的起泡性能及起泡剂加入浓度、稳泡剂加入浓度进行了评价和优选.结果表明:HY-2型起泡剂在模拟油田地层水下具有较好的综合起泡能力,起泡剂加入浓度为0.5%,液相黏度对起泡剂的稳定性影响较大,存在一个最优的液相黏度值,稳泡剂加入浓度不应小于700 mg/L.原油的存在使泡沫的起泡体积和稳定性均呈现下降的趋势.泡沫的这种特性,有利于调整高低渗透层中的流度差异.     

系列磺丙基甜菜碱的表征与性能

本文通过FT-IR和1H NMR对自制的三种产品的结构进行了表征,证明产品为烷基二甲基磺丙基甜菜碱,并对三种磺丙基甜菜碱的表面性能、泡沫性能和乳化性能进行了研究。结果表明,三种磺丙基甜菜碱的表面活性随着烷基链长的增加逐渐增强;三种表面活性剂的起泡性随浓度增加而增加,到一定值后保持不变,稳泡性随浓度增加逐渐增强,起泡性随着温度的增加呈缓慢增加趋势,稳泡性随着温度增加逐渐降低。     

驱油泡沫稳定剂的性能研究

在硫酸盐起泡液中添加4种不同类型的增粘性稳泡剂后,用Waring Blender法评价了起泡液的起泡情况以及不同稳泡剂的稳泡效果。利用布氏粘度计对4种稳泡剂溶液粘度的测定,从而了解了不同稳泡剂溶液随温度的升高和盐度的增大其粘度降解的情况。在此基础上,优选出了疏水缔合聚合物及其最佳加量。实验结果表明:添加了疏水缔合聚合物稳泡剂的起泡液具有在较高温度和矿化度下起泡能力较强且所起泡沫半衰期较长的优点,在油田EOR过程中注泡沫体系中具有良好的应用前景。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with     

Journal of Donghua University ( English Edition) Contents of Volume 31

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