DMTDA在聚氨酯弹性体中的扩链性能研究

在聚氨酯弹性体加工成型中必须加入一种兼起扩链和交联作用的固化剂,一般使用的扩链剂是3,3’-二氯-4,4’-二氨基-二苯基甲烷(英文缩写为MO-CA),在本文的研究中,以自制的二甲硫基甲苯二氨(英文缩写为DMTDA)作为扩链固化剂,并考察了它的扩链性能,研究发现:对聚酯型聚氨酯弹性体而言,制备的DMTDA的扩链效果与国外同类产品ETHACURE300的扩链效果相当;而且在邵氏硬度方面,自制的DMTDA要优于ETHACURE300.结果表明:自制的DMTDA可以替代国外同类产品ETHACURE300在聚酯型聚氨酯弹性体中使用.     

嵌段聚醚氨酯合成的研究(Ⅱ)

我们前已报道用4,4′-二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯(MDI)与聚四次甲基醚二醇(PTMG)反应后经乙二胺(ED)扩链,制得了与美国Biomer的机械性能相似的产品。本文报道在前文基础上将扩链剂乙二胺改用己二胺(H);哌嗪(Pi);4,4′-二氨基二苯基甲烷(Me);4,4′-二氨基二苯砜(S);4,4′-二氨基二苯醚(Et)为扩链剂(Ex),采用原料配比(摩尔)为PTMG:MDI:Ex=1:2:1制备相应的嵌段聚醚氨酯弹性体,以观察不同类型的扩链剂对产物     

具有抗凝血活性的聚氨基酸的合成及性能研究

通过亲核试剂三乙烯四胺(TETA)引发L-酪氨酸和L-谷氨酸的α-氨基酸N-环内酸酐(NCAs)的活性可控开环聚合(ROP),并进行氯磺酸酯化修饰,制备了一种具有抗凝血活性的磺酸酯化聚(L-酪氨酸-co-L-谷氨酸)(PTG-SO_3),并对PTG-SO_3的结构、酶促降解性能、细胞毒性以及血液相容性等进行了测试.结果表明,合成产物为PTG-SO_3,具有良好的生物降解性(16 d后可降解约65%)、低细胞毒性(培育72 h后,细胞活性约为70%)、良好的抗凝血性能和血液相容性(活化的部分凝血活酶时间延长约37 s).该聚合物有望应用于生物医学领域.     

柠檬烯基聚氨酯水分散体的制备及其性能研究

以柠檬烯为原料,通过巯基-烯点击化学反应合成了柠檬烯基二元醇(LDO)和羧酸型柠檬烯基亲水扩链剂(LHCE)。将这两种扩链剂代替1,4-丁二醇(BDO)和2,2-二羟甲基丙酸(DMPA)比较制备了四种聚氨酯水分散体。采用核磁(NMR)确认了两种扩链剂的结构,通过凝胶渗透色谱(GPC),粒径,红外光谱(IR),动态机械分析(DMA),热重分析(TGA),对柠檬烯基水性聚氨酯乳液及胶膜的性能进行了研究。研究结果表明:采用柠檬烯基扩链剂可制备出稳定的聚氨酯水分散体,并且柠檬烯基聚氨酯膜的储存模量、玻璃化转变温度(Tg)较不含柠檬烯聚氨酯膜有明显提升。     

改性二胺合成新型脂肪族聚脲弹性体

通过丙烯腈和异佛尔酮二胺(IPDA)的加成反应，合成了一种新型的二元仲胺扩链剂(MIPDA)。将IPDA和MIPDA分别与异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯、端氨基聚醚(Jeffamine D2000)反应，制备脂肪族聚脲弹性体。与IPDA扩链剂合成的聚脲相比，由MIPDA合成聚脲的反应速率大大降低，这类弹性体中软段和硬段的相容性较好，但硬段的有序程度较差，同时显示出较高的拉伸强度和断裂伸长率。研究结果表明，MIPDA是制备喷涂型聚脲的新型扩链剂。     

填充型聚氨酯弹性体的合成及性能研究

以聚醚N210、甲苯二异氰酸酯(TDI-80)为原料,MOCA为扩链剂,分别添加无机填料(石英粉、玻璃粉、煤沥青)和有机填料(环氧树脂、聚酰亚胺、羟基氯醋)合成填充型聚氨酯弹性体,考察了不同填料与不同添加量对聚氨酯弹性体的黏度、力学性能、热性能的影响。结果表明:填料的加入可在一定程度上提高体系的热稳定性;添加质量分数5%的环氧树脂所合成的聚氨酯弹性体,其力学性能提高最为明显。     

提取技术对酸性黑木耳多糖抗凝血活性的影响

为明确超声波、微波、高剪切3种物理辅助提取技术对酸性黑木耳多糖抗凝血活性的影响,试验以抑制纤维蛋白原(FIB)转化纤维蛋白抑制率、活化部分凝血活酶时间(APTT)、凝血酶原时间(PT)和凝血酶时间(TT) 4个指标为依据进行抗凝血实验,并通过对不同技术提取的酸性黑木耳多糖的结构及理化性质的测定,初步分析与抗凝血活性的相关性.结果表明,酸性黑木耳多糖对FIB的转化有明显的抑制作用,且可显著延长兔血浆的APTT值及TT值(p 0. 05),但对PT值影响不显著(p 0. 05),说明酸性黑木耳多糖是通过内源性途径和共同途径来实现抗凝血作用.对每种提取技术得到的酸性黑木耳多糖进行抗凝血活性比较研究发现,微波辅助15 min得到的多糖(W-Ac-AAP)具有最佳的抗凝血活性,当多糖的浓度为4. 0 g/L时,其APTT值为(125. 03±1. 64) s,TT值为(70. 39±0. 87) s;当多糖的浓度为2. 0 g/L时,其抑制FIB转化纤维蛋白的能力可达(0. 76±0. 05) g/L. 4种多糖在蛋白质含量、硫酸根含量上有显著性差异(p 0. 05),其中以抗凝血活性最佳的W-Ac-AAP的蛋白质含量最低,而硫酸根含量最高,具有最低抗凝血活性的普通碱提多糖(Ac-AAP)的硫酸根含量最低,说明多糖的抗凝血活性可能与硫酸根含量之间存在一定相关性.本研究可为开发天然植物抗凝血药物的处理方式提供理论参考.     

高韧性、耐损伤多重响应修复纳米复合聚氨酯弹性体的制备

为了解决聚氨酯弹性体高机械强度和自修复能力之间的矛盾,文章通过设计银纳米线@4,4′-二羟基二苯二硫醚(AgNWs@HPDS)纳米复合物作为多功能扩链剂和交联剂,制备一种新型纳米复合聚氨酯弹性体,并通过不同表征手段对材料进行了结构和性能测试。结果表明,基于可逆Ag-S配位键和氢键构筑的双重动态网络可提高材料的机械性能和修复性能,其韧性和抗撕裂能力分别是传统线性聚氨酯弹性体的5.64、14.5倍,受损样品在近红外光(near infrared, NIR)、加热和切口涂抹溶剂3种条件下均能实现自修复,在近红外光下照射4 min,其修复效率高达93.7%。银纳米线的加入显著提高了材料的介电性能,以该弹性体作为电介质层的可拉伸电容应变传感器表现出良好的自愈性、抗疲劳性和较高的传感灵敏度。     

利用碳酸乙烯酯开环产物合成聚氨酯脲弹性体

二氧化碳的综合利用是关系人类生存环境的重大课题。采用二氧化碳的衍生物碳酸乙烯酯和1.6-己二胺开环反应合成脂肪族氨酯二醇,并将开环产物作为扩链剂与脂肪族聚碳酸酯二醇(PCDL)和异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯(IPDI)反应合成了脂肪族聚碳酸酯聚氨酯脲弹性体。研究表明,开环反应在38℃,反应10h后,可得到产率为89.9%(质量分数)的产物1.6-二(2-羟基-乙氧基羰基胺)已烷(DHDU)。通过改变碳酸乙烯酯开环物(DHDU)在大分子链中形成的氨酯-脲硬段单元的比例,可以调节合成的聚氨酯脲弹性体的机械性能。当脂肪族聚碳酸酯二醇(PCDL)分子量相同时,随着PCDL/DHDU摩尔比的减小,合成的聚氨酯脲弹性体的拉伸强度和硬度增加,断裂伸长率减小。该合成产物在生物材料领域具有广泛的应用前景。     

HTPB/TDI/MCDEA型聚氨酯弹性体的研制

以端羟基聚丁二烯(HTPB)、甲苯二异氰酸酯(TDI)为主要原料合成预聚体,以4,4’-亚甲基双(3-氯-2,6-二乙基苯胺)为扩链剂,通过浇铸成型制备聚氨酯弹性体。实验采用电子万能试验机和邵氏A硬度计对聚氨酯弹性体的力学性能进行了测试,结果表明:当预聚体NCO含量为4.13%、NH2/NCO摩尔比为0.90时,聚氨酯弹性体的综合力学性能最佳;后硫化时间、环境湿度对聚氨酯弹性体的力学性能均有一定影响,使用新型扩链剂4,4’-亚甲基双(3-氯-2,6-二乙基苯胺)制得的聚氨酯弹性体的力学性能普遍好于扩链剂MOCA。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.