等径角挤压对纯铜组织与性能的影响

研究采用BC路径(即试样进入下一道次挤压时按同一方向旋转90°)对纯铜进行等径角挤压后得到的组织与性能.结果表明,通过室温下对纯铜的8道次挤压后,得到均匀、细小的等轴晶组织(晶粒尺寸约1.5μm).抗拉强度从原来的235 MPa提高到420 MPa,硬度从114 HV提高到184.3 HV,延伸率由原来的45%降低到19%.通过对不同挤压道次试样在473 K下60 min的退火处理后,其晶粒进一步细化至1μm,其抗拉强度提高到435 MPa.     

两步等通道角挤压AZ31镁合金的微观组织和力学性能

对AZ31镁合金经等通道角挤压（ECAE）变形后的微观组织和力学性能进行了研究．结果表明：在498-523K温度范围内变形后,合金晶粒随着变形程度增加明显细化,延伸率提高,但屈服强度降低;随着变形温度降低,变形后合金的延伸率下降,而屈服强度有所提高．基于以上两点规律提出了两步ECAE工艺,在两步ECAE变形过程中,AZ31合金的变形温度可以降低至453K,经两步ECAE变形后,获得亚微米级的亚结构AZ31镁合金的强韧性随之得到明显的改善．     

等通道转角挤压(ECAP)工艺的研究进展

对等通道转角挤压技术的基本原理和近年来的最新研究进展进行综述. 对挤压过程中晶粒细化机理和变形机理、影响挤压效果的因素分析认为,降低挤压温度、增加背压、减小入口摩擦并适当加大出口摩擦可以有效增加材料组织的均匀性. 认为ECAP加工后材料内部大角度晶界数的增加导致变形机制的改变,晶界滑移导致晶粒转动趋势的增加,这2方面的原因是产生超塑性的主要原因. 提出从单晶材料的织构层面揭示材料的微观组织演变及定量计算多晶体的宏观性质是今后的研究方向.     

纯铜粉末包套-等径角挤压工艺实验研究

针对粉末材料低塑性的特点,在室温条件下采用包套-等径角挤压工艺(PITS-ECAP)将纯铜粉末颗粒直接固结成高致密度块体细晶材料.结果表明,包套-等径角挤压工艺对粉末材料具有有效的致密和细化效果.4道次PITS-ECAP工艺变形后,试样X、Y、Z面均受到剧烈剪切作用,晶粒尺寸得到明显细化,显微组织呈细长条带流线状,且分布较为均匀;试样整体组织达到完全致密,平均显微硬度高达1 470 MPa.在PITSECAP工艺变形过程中,剧烈塑性剪切变形、较高静水压力和有效应变积累是保证粉末材料致密度大幅度提高以及显微组织有效细化的主要原因.     

等通道转角挤压对铝青铜合金组织及摩擦学性能的影响

对铝青铜合金(Cu-10%Al-4?)进行了等通道转角挤压(ECAE)热加工处理,研究了ECAE对合金微观组织、力学性能及摩擦学性能的影响.结果表明:ECAE热挤压后合金的晶粒显著细化,晶粒尺寸随着挤压道次的增加而逐步减小;晶粒细化导致合金的硬度与屈服强度显著增加,提高了合金抵抗塑性变形能力,减轻了磨粒对合金表面的犁削作用;ECAE热挤压细化了合金中的第二相,减小了脱落硬质颗粒压入合金表面的深度与宽度,降低了合金的磨损量,提高了合金的摩擦学性能.     

等通道转角挤压超细化合金组织性能的研究

等通道转角挤压技术是目前制备超细晶粒金属块材的最新研究领域之一.本实验采用了等通道转角挤压技术对3种商业铝合金以A、B、C等3种方式挤压,结果表明:3种挤压方式后的硬度与挤压道次的关系基本一致,即3~4次挤压后硬度趋于饱和;应用的负荷大小对ECAP期间剥落的可能性也被测量,以便改善挤压过程.X-射线衍射分析法显示挤压后这些铝合金出现亚微米级晶粒尺寸.本实验中,经不同方式等通道转角挤压(ECAP)铝合金组织结构变化有较大不同,晶粒得到明显细化.     

等通道转角挤压后AZ31镁合金的微观结构与性能

为了进一步探讨细晶镁合金的制备方法与性能 ,采用模角φ =12 0°的模具、以BC路径对AZ31镁合金进行了等通道转角挤压试验研究 ,对挤压过程中各道次试样的微观结构及性能进行了分析测试 .结果表明 ,随着挤压道次的增加 ,晶粒得到不断细化 ,力学性能也发生显著的变化 ;当挤压 12道次时 ,总的等效应变量约为 8,晶粒得到显著细化 ,晶粒尺寸为 1～ 5μm ,但合金的抗拉强度变化不大 ,屈服强度则有所下降 ,约为 10 0MPa ,延伸率则提高到 4 5 %以上     

稀土Mg-Mn-Zn-Ce合金等通道转角挤压工艺

为获得性能良好的超细晶镁合金材料,采用等通道转角挤压工艺对稀土Mg—Mn—Zn—Ce合金进行塑性加工,研究了速度、温度和润滑条件对合金的挤压工艺以及性能的影响。实验结果表明：对于稀土Mg—Mn—Zn-Ce合金,等通道转角挤压的润滑剂为7025高温润滑脂,速度2mm／s,第一道次的挤压温度为250℃,第二道次的挤压温度为270℃。该工艺条件使等通道转角挤压能够顺利进行,可获得表面光滑平整、晶粒组织细化的稀土Mg—Mn—Zn—Ce合金。     

多道次ECAP挤压对纯铜拉伸行为影响的实验研究

为了解不同道次等通道转角挤压(ECAP)对材料拉伸屈服和硬化的作用,以纯铜棒材试样为研究对象,实验研究了经多道次ECAP后材料的单轴拉伸屈服和硬化行为,并进一步探讨了退火对ECAP后材料力学性能的影响,得到以下结论:①挤压道次相同的情况下,经退火/空冷处理后材料硬化更为充分;②一道次挤压对材料的硬化作用远大于后续道次;③在材料挤压后实施了退火的情形,四道次后的挤压对材料不再有明显的硬化作用。这一研究有助于人们更深入地了解ECAP对材料力学行为的影响。     

挤压速度对Ti6Al4V钛合金等通道转直角挤压过程 影响的数值模拟

采用Deform-3D有限元软件,对样品初始温度为900℃的Ti6Al4V钛合金等通道转直角挤压在0~5 mm/s的下压速度范围内进行了数值模拟。模拟计算结果表明：在相同的挤压速度下,试样通过转角后的温度降低速率减小;挤压速度越大,挤压过程所需的荷载越低,应变累积越小,等效应力越低,应力集中现象越少,挤压过程中试样的温降越小;本研究条件下,挤压速度值选定为5 mm/s。     

Severely deformed copper by equal channel angular pressing

Mechanical and microstructural analysis of equal channel angular pressed copper was experimentally investigated. The results showed that the hardness distribution uniformity was rapidly decreased after the first pass and gradually improved at the following passes. Also, the bottom region of the pressed material experienced lower Vickers hardness magnitude irrespective of pass number. Furthermore, the addition of 0.1% magnesium to the pure copper had a considerable effect on the distribution uniformity. In addition, the material fracture mode changed from ductile to brittle by the alteration of the dimples to cleavage planes mechanism. Moreover, the formability index was dramatically reduced after the first pass and slowly improved at the succeeding passes. Eventually, ECAP process led to the increment of low angle grain boundaries and the decrease of high angle grain boundaries at the initial passes and vice versa at the subsequent ones.     

Improvements in the microstructure and fatigue behavior of pure copper using equal channel angular extrusion

In this study, annealed pure copper was extruded using equal channel angular extrusion (ECAE) for a maximum of eight passes. The fatigue resistance of extruded specimens was evaluated for different passes and applied stresses using fatigue tests, fractography, and metallography. The mechanical properties of the extruded material were obtained at a tensile test velocity of 0.5 mm/min. It was found that the maximum increase in strength occurred after the 2nd pass. The total increase in ultimate strength after eight passes was 94%. The results of fatigue tests indicated that a significant improvement in fatigue life occurred after the 2nd pass. In subsequent passes, the fatigue life continued to improve but at a considerably lower rate. The improved fatigue life was dependent on the number of passes and applied stresses. For low stresses (or high-cycle fatigue), a maximum increase in fatigue resistance of approximately 500% was observed for the extruded material after eight passes, whereas a maximum fatigue resistance of 5000% was obtained for high-applied stresses (or low-cycle fatigue). Optical microscopic examinations revealed grain refinements in the range of 32 to 4 μm. A maximum increase in impact energy absorption of 100% was achieved after eight passes. Consistent results were obtained from fractography and metallography examinations of the extruded material during fatigue tests.     

退火温度对20MnSi钢ECAP变形组织的影响

采用C方式等径弯曲通道变形(ECAP)法制备了平均晶粒尺寸～0.20 μm的亚微晶20MnSi钢,研究了退火温度对ECAP变形组织的影响.结果表明,随退火温度升高,ECAP变形获得的亚微晶铁素体变形组织在原位逐渐演变为再结晶组织,300～500℃退火1 h后,亚微晶铁素体组织稳定,晶粒无明显长大.退火温度高于500℃后,铁素体晶粒开始明显长大,650℃退火后的铁素体平均晶粒尺寸～8μm.经ECAP变形的珠光体组织在较低温度退火时,渗碳体具有较强的球化能力.     

Effect of equal channel angular pressing on aging treatment of Al-7075 alloy

The effect of aging treatment on microstructure and mechanical properties of equal channel angular pressed Al-7075 alloy was examined.Commercial Al-7075 alloy in the solid solution heat-treated condition was processed by equal channel angular pressing through route BCat both the room temperature and 120 1C. Only three passes of equal channel angular pressing was possible due to the low ductility of the alloy at both temperatures. Followed by equal channel angular pressing, the specimens have been aged at 120 1C for different aging times. Mechanical properties were measured by Vickers microhardness and tensile tests and microstructural observations were undertaken using transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffractometer as well as optical microscopy. Microstructural investigations showed that ultrafine-grained materials with grain size in the range of 200–350 nm and 300–500 nm could be obtained after three passes of equal channel angular pressing at room temperature and 120 1C, respectively. Equal channel angular pressing of solid solution heat-treated Al-7075 alloy accelerates precipitation rate and subsequently leads to a significant decrease in aging time to attain maximum mechanical properties. Furthermore, it is possible to achieve maximum mechanical properties during equal channel angular pressing at 120 1C as a result of dynamic aging and formation of small η′ phase.     

Microstructure and mechanical properties of ZE10 magnesium alloy prepared by equal channel angular pressing

ZE10 magnesium alloy was subjected to equal-channel angular pressing (ECAP) up to 12 passes in a die with an angle of 120° between the two channels at 250-300℃. An inhomogeneous microstructure of bimodal grains including fine grains of 1-2 μm as well as coarse grains of about 20μm was obtained after the initial 1-4 ECAP passes. The grain size became increasingly homogeneous with further ECAP processing and the grains were significantly refined to 1-2 ktm after 8 passes and further refined to 0.5-1 μm after 12 passes. The alloy's yield strength changed slightly but the ductility improved greatly initially up to 4-6 passes corresponding to the bimodal grain microstructure. And after the subsequent pressing of more than 8 passes, the tensile strength including yield strength improved while the elongation decreased gradually.     

等通道转角挤压（ECAE）对聚（D，L-）乳酸弯曲性能的研究

采用等通道转角挤压技术对聚(D,L-)乳酸(PDLLA)进行塑性变形.与压制成型工艺比较,ECAE对样品的弯曲性能有明显影响.随着转角挤压温度的提高,聚(D,L-)乳酸材料的弯曲强度逐渐增大,当温度为75℃时,其弯曲强度σ_b达到最大值164 MPa.聚(D,L-)乳酸等通道转角挤压后,断裂机理由脆性断裂转变为韧性断裂,形成韧性断裂断口形貌.     

Microstructural evolution of a recycled aluminum alloy deformed by equal channel angular pressing process

The microstructural evolution of a recycled aluminum alloy after equal channel angular pressing (ECAP) up to four passes was investigated using X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Microhardness tests were performed to determine the associated changes in mechanical properties. An ultrafine-grained material has been obtained with a microstructure showing a mixture of highly strained crystallites. A high density of dislocations was achieved as a result of severe plastic deformation (SPD) through the die. Changes in mechanical behavior are also revealed after ECAP due to strain hardening. Thermal analysis and TEM micrographs obtained after annealing indicate the succession of the recovery, recrystallization, and grain growth phenomena. Moreover, the energy stored during ECAP may be related to the dislocation density introduced by SPD. We finally emphasize the role played by the precipitates in this alloy.