重载作用下沥青路面结构验算方法

针对目前中国日趋严重的超载现象,为方便公路养护管理部门定期对路面结构状况进行调查评定,及时对相应路段公路进行维修养护,以现行沥青路面设计规范为基础,经过大量的数据分析对比,利用线性回归方法,获得了车辆重载运输轴载作用下的沥青路面标准轴载换算公式;同时根据沥青路面结构特点,对考虑重载作用的路面结构的验算内容和原则进行讨论和分析,最终确定以考虑超载作用的路面弯沉值、容许拉应力值、路面使用寿命及所需结构层厚度,作为沥青路面结构承载力验算的验算系统。研究结果表明:得出的沥青路面标准轴载换算公式以及沥青路面结构验算系统,对国道G108陕西渭南故市镇路段路面结构状况的调查评定是合理的,评定结果可为公路养护部门提供科学的决策依据。     

贵阳市白云区德成官邸项目超限高层主体结构设计

贵阳市白云区德成官邸超限高层主体高度138.40m,为超限高层建筑,结构型式采用钢筋混凝土剪力墙结构。介绍了该工程的概况、超限情况、基于性能的抗震设计目标及采取的技术措施,分别就大震、中震和小震作用下的整体计算分析,并进行大震作用下的弹塑性变形验算。     

考虑摩擦系数的沥青路面动态轴载换算

为研究复杂工况下的动态轴载换算,分析了车辆移动荷载作用下沥青路面的动力响应,对数值计算的有效性和车辆行驶特性的影响进行了研究,并提出了动态轴载换算公式.基于二维Lamb问题验证了数值计算的有效性,并建立刚性基层沥青路面的三维动力学数值模型,分析不同车速、路面摩擦系数和轴载等因素的影响.当荷载匀速移动时,轴载和路面摩擦系数对路面动力响应的影响明显,考虑摩擦系数的动态轴载换算指数明显大于静态荷载.结合车辆和路面多种影响因素的三维有限元计算模型更符合沥青路面结构的实际受力状态,动态轴载换算公式可用来改进当前的规范设计.     

沥青路面结构早期破坏的动力特性分析

为了研究沥青路面结构早期破坏问题,采用三维有限元模型模拟沥青路面结构在动载作用下的响应情况,分析了弯沉、应力的变化规律.结果表明:在动载作用下,轮载中心处的弯沉和应力均较静载作用时小,但弯沉值的变化具有显著的波动性,轮载中心以外的其他任何点的弯沉值均可能出现大于静载作用时的弯沉;结构层表面拉应力和压应力交错出现,上面层的轮载边缘附近所产生的拉应力数值相对静载明显增大,沥青表面极易产生拉裂破坏, 与规范所规定的拉应力验算点有一定差异.建议在拉应力验算时,增加车轮边缘附近验算点,以保证路面结构表面不产生开裂破坏.     

层间接触条件对沥青路面力学响应的影响

中国现行沥青路面设计以路表弯沉、沥青层底及半刚性层底拉应力为设计指标,层间条件假定完全连续。实践中路面分层修筑,层间不完全连续,对路面结构受力状态影响甚大。以京津塘高速公路改扩建工程为依托,假定层间完全连续与层间不完全连续2种状态,以壳牌计算软件Bisar 3.0和数值软件Matlab 7.0分析了3类常见沥青路面在2种层间接触条件下的三维力学响应分布及最不利受荷点。结果表明：层间结合不连续导致结构内应力、应变骤增;各类路面在不同层间状态下出现最大应力及应变的位置不同;2种层间条件下复合式路面的响应均居于柔性与半刚性路面之间;路面结构设计时,应在现行规范的基础上,对层间不完全连续状态下指定点位处的力学指标进行验算,为路面在运营期内的可靠度分析提供依据。     

超载车辆对沥青路面损坏原因分析及对策

过量超载的车辆是造成沥青路面推移、开裂、凹陷、车辙、使用寿命骤减的主要原因。以青海省盘大公路为例,对该路段沥青路面进行路况调查、钻芯取样试验、实际交通量分析、路面弯拉应力、剪应力验算,并提出修补方案以及防止损坏的措施。     

温度场及非均布移动荷载作用下沥青路面力学响应分析

为研究路面结构实际温度场对沥青路面结构动力响应的影响,基于路面结构温度场现场实测数据及室内实际路面材料动态模量试验结果,建立温度场分析和非均布移动荷载作用下沥青路面瞬态动力分析三维有限元模型,分析路面结构在实际温度-荷载作用下的动力响应规律,并与传统的等温结构模型动力响应结果进行对比分析.结果表明,层底控温方法模拟出的温度场可用于分析夏季高温时段和低温时段沥青路面的实际动力响应;夏季一天中高温时段,等温模型高估了竖向应变及上、下面层的剪应变,低估了中面层的剪应变;夏季一天中低温时段,沥青路面的实际动力响应大于等温模型的计算值,等温模型低估了温度分布对沥青路面车辙和开裂的影响.     

超载车辆对公路沥青路面破坏原因的分析及对策

过量超载的车辆是造成沥青路面开裂、凹陷、唧泥、使用寿命骤减的主要原因。以黄河公伯峡水电站进场公路为例,对该路段沥青路面进行路况调查、钻芯取样试验、实际交通量分析、路面各层弯拉应力、剪应力验算,并提出修补方案以及防止损坏的措施。     

沥青路面力学响应变异性的蒙特卡罗模拟分析

针对沥青路面参数具有变异性的特点,采用蒙特卡罗法和沥青路面力学模型生成路面参数,并采用概率统计方法进行路面力学反应的变异性分析.根据此思路,以Mat-lab为平台,设计出沥青路面参数变异性分析的计算程序,并将该程序应用于沥青路面力学响应的变异性模拟分析.结果表明,模拟分析得到的沥青路面力学响应的分布与实际情况接近.文中还运用路面疲劳损伤模型考察了沥青路面结构参数变异对沥青路面疲劳性能的影响.     

温度场及非均布移动荷载作用下

为研究路面结构实际温度场对沥青路面结构动力响应的影响,基于路面结构温度场现场实测数据及室内实际路面材料动态模量试验结果,建立温度场分析和非均布移动荷载作用下沥青路面瞬态动力分析三维有限元模型,分析路面结构在实际温度荷载作用下的动力响应规律,并与传统的等温结构模型动力响应结果进行对比分析.结果表明,层底控温方法模拟出的温度场可用于分析夏季高温时段和低温时段沥青路面的实际动力响应;夏季一天中高温时段,等温模型高估了竖向应变及上、下面层的剪应变,低估了中面层的剪应变;夏季一天中低温时段,沥青路面的实际动力响应大于等温模型的计算值,等温模型低估了温度分布对沥青路面车辙和开裂的影响.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that