采用低温微波法和电加热法再生载甲苯活性炭

采用低温微波法(60、120、180 W)和电加热法对载甲苯松木活性炭进行再生。比较了这两种再生方法下活性炭的再生效率、升温速率、能耗,并分析了再生前后活性炭的物理化学性能。结果表明:经过5次吸附—微波辐射再生之后,活性炭吸附量基本保持原有吸附量的45%。随着微波功率从60 W 升高到120 W,再生时间从60 min降低到22 min,再生效率从1.7%/min增加到4.5%/min。而传统电加热再生法再生时间为180 min, 是微波法的3～6倍; 功率为60 W的微波加热法的升温速率为178 ℃/min,而电加热法升温速率只有9 ℃/min; 从能耗角度看,微波再生法的能耗为29.7 kJ/g,而电加热法的能耗则为74.3 kJ/g; 并且经检测微波法再生后活性炭的孔隙结构和官能团未发生改变。     

微波与传统加热法制备新疆煤基活性炭的比较研究

随着国内外活性炭需求量的增大,探索出高效制备活性炭的工艺非常重要。本研究以新疆无烟煤为原料,KOH为活化剂,利用微波加热和传统加热法制备煤基活性炭(CAC),研究煤碱比、活化时间、活化温度、微波功率对CAC吸附性能和产率的影响,获得制备CAC的最佳工艺条件为:微波加热法∶煤碱比1∶2,微波时间8 min,微波功率700 W;传统加热法∶煤碱比1∶1,活化时间5 h,活化温度800℃。利用扫描电镜、氮气等温吸附脱附、零点电荷(p Hpzc)、Boehm滴定法对CAC进行表征,结果表明:微波加热法制备的CAC吸附性能优于传统加热法制备的样品,其具有更高的比表面积为1061.93 m2/g,更高的p Hpzc(8.0)及更少的酸性官能团含量(0.986 mmol/g)。上述结果表明微波加热法节能、省时、成本降低,将在材料制备过程中具有显著地应用前景及推广价值。     

粉状活性炭再生工艺研究

采用回转炉加热再生法 ,对粉状炭进行了再生实验 ,确定了再生工艺条件 :再生温度 85 0°C ,再生时间6 0min ,水蒸汽用量占原料量 30 % ,使废炭吸附能力恢复 10 0 % ,得率 70 %以上。     

生物炭材料的制备及其应用效果研究

研究以小麦秸秆、水稻秸秆和油茶果壳为原料,采用水蒸气活化和磷酸再活化的工艺,制备出性能优良的生物炭样品,分析麦秆、稻秆和油茶果壳生物炭样品的性能以及制备条件对生物炭性能的影响。研究结果显示,试验制备得到的麦秆生物炭,其亚甲基蓝吸附值为225 mg/g,碘吸附值为838 mg/g,焦糖为120%,比表面积为1 279 m2/g,孔容为1.36 m3/g,中孔率为76.6%,而稻秆生物炭的炭亚甲基蓝吸附值为215 mg/g,碘吸附值为815 mg/g,焦糖100%,比表面积为967 m2/g,孔容为1.23 cm3/g,中孔率为84.6%,2种原料制备的生物炭与市售生物炭的性能指标相近;油茶果壳生物炭对亚甲基兰和碘的最大吸附值分别为330 mg/g和1 326 mg/g。本研究制备的油茶果壳生物炭的主要质量指标均达到或超过了净水用活性炭国家标准。本研究表明,小麦秸秆、水稻秸秆和油茶果壳可以作为制备优质生物炭的原料。     

氯化锌活化棉杆制备活性炭及孔结构表征

研究了以棉花秸秆为原料,采用微波辐射氯化锌法制备活性炭的可行性。利用正交实验探讨了氯化锌加入率、浸渍时间、微波功率及活化时间对产品活性炭得率和吸附性能的影响。得到了微波辐射氯化锌法制备棉秆活性炭的最佳工艺：氯化锌与棉秆比例以1．6：1,浸渍时间24h,微波功率为560W,微波辐射时间为9min。用此工艺条件制得活性炭的亚甲基兰吸附值、碘吸附值、产率分别为1002．92mg／g,12．8mL／0．1g和38．92％;通过电镜扫描和自动物理化学吸附仪对活性炭孔结构进行表征,表明该活性炭的BET比表面积为794．84m^2／g,属中孔发达的活性炭。     

活性炭吸附苯酚及其微波辐照再生效果

考察预处理后颗粒活性炭(GAC)对苯酚的吸附行为,探讨微波辐照再生吸附苯酚活性炭的机理,确定GAC达到吸附平衡的时间及吸附过程符合的等温吸附模型.实验结果表明:3 h后GAC吸附基本达到平衡,吸附过程符合Freundlich等温吸附模型,最大平衡吸附量为143.7 mg/g.对吸附饱和苯酚GAC进行微波辐照再生研究,实验结果表明:最佳的再生条件为微波功率520 W,再生时间15 min,GAC用量为6 g,此时GAC再生效率为86.5%.     

甘蔗渣微波制备活性炭吸附剂及其再生研究

以甘蔗渣为原料,氯化锌、磷酸和氢氧化钠为活化剂,微波制备活性炭吸附剂,考察了活化剂浓度、料液比、浸渍时间、微波功率和辐射时间等对活性炭产率和吸附性能的影响.活性炭指标为:亚甲基蓝吸附值136 mL/g,碘的吸附值1 163.7mg/g,A法焦糖脱色率108.9%,优于国家一级品指标.用该活性炭处理酱油模拟废液后再生,其亚甲基蓝吸附值为105mL/g,碘的吸附值为1 186.4mg/g,A法焦糖脱色率为111.5%,仍优于国家一级品指标,并且再生活性炭对酱油废液具有更佳的处理效果.该方法操作方便,缩短了活性炭的制备和再生时间,再生效果好.     

微波制备龙眼壳活性炭及其对Pb~(2+)的吸附与再生

以龙眼壳为碳源,氢氧化钾为活化剂,微波辐射法制备活性炭,并考察其对二价铅离子的吸附平衡、动力学及再生研究.制备活性炭的最佳条件为:浸渍时间24 h,辐射时间12 min,微波功率720 W和活化剂浓度20%,该条件下活性炭的碘吸附值为1247.4 mg/g,亚甲基蓝吸附值为98.1 m L/g,比表面积为1011.7 m~2/g,总孔容为0.543 cm~3/g,平均孔径为2.146 nm.吸附研究表明:二价铅离子在龙眼壳质活性炭上的吸附行为较好地服从Langmuir等温吸附模型和准二级动力学模型,平衡时间为30 min,最大平衡吸附量为71.06 mg/g.活性炭在5次再生回用后仍保持在首次吸附量的83.5%,该活性炭再生能力较好,可进一步降低重金属的处理成本.     

土霉素菌渣活性炭吸附处理低浓度含铬废水

采用活化法制备土霉素菌渣活性炭(菌渣炭),并用于处理低浓度含铬废水。经过组分测定可以看出土霉素菌渣含有较高的挥发分,灰分含量较低;元素分析中C、O元素的含量较高,表明土霉素菌渣含有大量的有机物和菌体蛋白;BET测得菌渣炭的比表面积、孔容和孔径都较大,通过扫描电镜可观察出菌渣炭具有较多的微孔和中孔,有利于对Cr(VI)定的吸附。通过单因素实验确定在初始Cr(VI)浓度为2mg/L时菌渣炭对Cr(VI)的最佳吸附pH、吸附剂投加量、吸附时间分别为4、0.5g/L、 50min, Cr(VI)的最高去除率为96.2%。热力学和动力学分析结果表明菌渣炭对Cr(VI)的吸附符合Freundlich等温吸附模型和准二级动力学模型。菌渣炭的饱和吸附量为17.93 mg/g,对Cr(VI)的吸附速率与吸附剂上未被占据的吸附位点的平方成正比。用1mol/L的HCl对菌渣炭进行洗脱再生,经过4次循环实验Cr(VI)的去除率为77.1%,剩余溶液中Cr(VI)浓度为0.459 mg/L,满足污水综合排放标准0.5 mg/L,菌渣炭的饱和吸附量为2.018 mg/g,表明菌渣炭的再生性能良好。     

膨润土微波改性及对废水中甲基橙吸附的研究

采用微波辐射技术和盐酸对膨润土进行活化改性处理,研究了改性膨润土对废水中甲基橙的吸附性能及影响因素.结果表明:经15%盐酸和480 W微波功率辐射15 min改性的膨润土吸附性能良好,在溶液pH为6及常温条件下,改性膨润土用量为12.5g/L,对浓度为250 mg/L的甲基橙的吸附量和去除率分别为24.65 mg/g、98.59%;对浓度为40 mg/L的甲基橙的去除率达98.01%.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with     

Journal of Donghua University ( English Edition) Contents of Volume 31

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Brief Introduction to “Journal of Jilin University( Science Edition) ”

<正>"Journal of Jilin University(Science Edition)"is a comprehensive academic journal in the fields of science sponsored by Jilin University and administrated by the Ministry of Education of the Peoples Republic of China.The journal started publication in 1955.The original name at starting publication was"Journal of Natural Science of Northeast People University",which was changed into"Acta Scientiarum Naturalium Universitatis Jilinensis"in 1958 owing to the name change of the university.The present journal name has