青铜表面膜的红外光谱和原子力显微镜分析

用红外反射光谱(FTIR)研究青铜在含有AMT的ACN水溶液(pH=2．2)中形成的膜，发现在青铜表面上只形成CU(I)AMT络合物膜。并用原子力显微镜(AFM)观察其膜的微观形貌，结果表明：膜是致密平整的，且膜厚约为10nm左右，是非电子导体膜。     

铜镀层对IC引线框架表面抗氧化失效的作用

研究了在铜合金表面电镀纯铜层保护膜对铜合金引线框架氧化失效的影响.研究发现,电镀纯铜层后,纯铜层氧化速率较高,氧化膜较厚,然而,由于纯铜层的阻挡作用,可以使氧化只发生在纯铜层上,减少CuO的生成.当铜合金表面的电镀纯铜层厚度超过一个临界值,表面电镀纯铜处理可以明显改善材料的耐氧化剥离性.表面电镀前的铜合金氧化膜结构为CuO/Cu2O/Cu.电镀纯铜层后,氧化膜结构变为Cu2O/Cu,当氧化膜主要由Cu2O构成时,氧化膜结合强度较高.     

脉冲激光去除青铜文物锈斑的研究

本文阐述了激光去除青铜文物有害锈层的工作原理,介绍了采用脉冲激光去除青铜文物表面有害锈斑的实验结果。表明在适当的功率密度下,采用红宝石调Q激光可以有效地去除青铜文物有害锈层、形成一细密的钝化合金属,对青铜器的继续锈蚀与感染、有较好的防护作用,且不改变文物的本色。     

氟化并五苯分子在半金属Ga表面的自组装单层

采用超高真空扫描隧道显微镜(UHV-STM)和分子束外延(MBE)系统,研究了在半金属镓表面上的氟化并五苯(perfluoropentacene)分子的自组装单层结构.在室温下氟化并五苯分子在镓表面表现出较高的迁移性.随着覆盖度的增加,氟化并五苯分子从最初形成的两维无序结构演化到有序排列的分子自组装单层.高分辨的STM图像表明,氟化并五苯分子结合成分子二聚体,并平铺在衬底表面.随着覆盖度的进一步增加,第二层氟化并五苯分子"直立"在第一层分子上面.这表明分子-衬底之间的相互作用大于两分子层之间的范德瓦尔斯相互作用.     

镀锌钢上钼酸盐/硅烷复合膜的组成与耐蚀性

分别采用一步法和两步法在热镀锌钢板表面获得钼酸盐/硅烷复合膜,通过X射线光电子能谱分析(XPS)、俄歇电子能谱剥层分析(AES)、盐雾腐蚀试验(NSS)及Tafel极化曲线等对两种复合膜的化学成分和耐蚀性能进行了研究,并将它们与单独的钼酸盐转化膜、硅烷膜进行对比.结果表明:一步法和两步法制备的复合膜具有相似的双层结构,内层以钼酸盐转化膜(含O、Mo、Zn、P)为主,外层以硅烷膜(含C、O、Si)为主,内外层之间及膜与锌基体之间的化学成分呈梯度变化;与单独的钼酸盐膜、硅烷膜相比,两种复合膜对腐蚀的阴极过程的抑制明显增强,自腐蚀电流减小至单层膜的1/5以下,耐蚀性显著提高;两步法制备的复合膜耐蚀性超过常规铬酸盐钝化膜,而一步法制备的复合膜的耐蚀性比由两步法制备的稍差,但仍接近常规铬酸盐钝化膜.     

MB8镁合金微弧氧化-电泳涂装复合膜层耐蚀性研究

采用微弧氧化-电泳涂装复合工艺,在MB8镁合金表面上形成防护性复合膜层。SEM观测表明,电泳漆膜与微弧氧化膜紧密结合,且均匀地覆盖了表层。动电位极化和浸泡试验结果表明,复合膜层的耐蚀性明显优于微弧氧化膜。     

添加剂对AZ31B镁合金氧化膜性能的影响

在由NaOH、H3BO3、Na2B4O10组成的电解液中,研究了不同添加剂Na2SiO3和NaAlO2对AZ31B镁合金阳极氧化膜性能的影响.通过电压-时间曲线、Cass盐雾试验、SEM和动电位极化曲线等方法检测和观察阳极氧化膜性能和表面形貌.结果表明:两种阳极氧化膜表面均为多孔结构,电解液中添加Na2SiO3获得的氧化膜表面微孔分布均匀,孔径更小;与AZ31镁合金基体相比,其耐蚀性均有不同程度的提高,Na2SiO3添加后膜层的耐蚀性优于NaAlO2.     

频率和占空比对镁合金微弧氧化的影响

采用涡流测厚仪、扫描电镜、能谱仪、电化学工作站等,研究了频率和占空比对镁合金微弧氧化膜的厚度、表面形貌和耐蚀性的影响规律。结果表明,随频率的增大,膜层厚度变化不大,但是表面孔径和表面粗糙度都减小,耐蚀性增强;随着占空比的增大,膜层厚度有所增加,表面孔径和表面粗糙度增大,耐蚀性呈先增强后下降的趋势。     

偏钒酸铵对镁合金微弧氧化着色膜的影响

在硅酸盐体系电解液中加入偏钒酸铵,研究镁合金表面所成微弧氧化膜的颜色及其变化,探讨偏钒酸铵质量浓度变化对膜层外观质量、膜厚、微观形貌、物相组成及耐蚀性的影响.结果表明:NH4VO_3的加入使得微弧氧化膜呈现出一定的彩色,膜层中MgV2O_5、Mg3V2O_8和AlVO_3等物相的生成是导致膜层呈现彩色的根本原因;NH4VO_3质量浓度的增加,使得膜层的厚度不断增大,耐蚀性出现波浪变化的形式,但总体上呈不断增大的趋势,膜层的耐蚀性比镁合金基体高出8倍.     

柠檬酸对镧盐转化膜耐蚀性和自愈性的影响

将热镀锌钢分别浸入添加和不添加柠檬酸的镧盐钝化液中,在镀锌钢表面获得柠檬酸改进型镧盐转化膜和常规镧盐转化膜.用中性盐雾(NSS)试验、塔菲尔极化和电化学阻抗谱研究了这些试样的耐蚀性能,并对带划痕的柠檬酸改进型和常规镧盐膜层试样进行NSS腐蚀,用扫描电子显微镜和能谱仪观察分析了腐蚀过程中划痕表面的组织形貌和化学成分.结果表明:柠檬酸的加入显著提高了镧盐转化膜的耐蚀性能,并使膜层具备自愈性;腐蚀过程中,划痕附近的柠檬酸镧溶解产生La3+和柠檬酸根离子,从膜层中扩散迁移至划痕处,形成新的由Zn、O、La、C元素组成的保护膜,从而抑制了划痕处锌的腐蚀.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that