低温感包覆药破孔过程理论计算

针对包覆药能够降低混合装药温度系数的现象,对其低温感装药原理进行了理论计算。通过分析包覆药单个内孔破孔过程,计算出不同温度下的破孔压力和破孔时间;在此基础上研究了大量包覆药的破孔过程,得到破孔增加燃面的规律并进行了模拟计算。研究结果表明,混合装药在不同温度下燃烧时,其包覆药燃面的变化可弥补燃速变化引起的燃气产生量的改变,从而实现降低装药温度系数的目的。     

包覆火药破孔规律的研究

为了弄清包覆火药降低温度系数，提高初速的机理，该文用中止实验的方法研究了包覆火药的破孔过程，给出了破孔率及破孔率温度系数的定义，讨论了破孔率与温度、压力以及装填密度的关系，分析了破孔率温度系数与弹道温度系数的一致性。这对建立包覆火药装药的内弹道模型和包覆火药的质量检测标准以及预估包覆火药装药的弹道温度系数都具有重要意义。     

火药包覆层外层燃烧规律的研究

该文提出了研究包覆火药包覆层外层燃烧规律的方法，利用中止燃烧实验获得了火药包覆层外层燃烧时的ｐ－ｔ曲线及曲线，分析这些曲线的变化规律，讨论了温度和包覆层厚度对ｐ－ｔ曲线及曲线变化规律的影响，并得到了包覆层外层燃烧的燃速—压力关系式，这对建立包覆火药装药的经典内弹道模型、促进包覆火药装药技术的推广应用都具有重要意义。     

膨化硝酸铵在硝胺发射药中的应用

该文研究了添加膨化酸铵（ＥＡＮ）对硝胺发射药的燃速性能及力学性能的影响,使用ＳＥＭ手段观察了断口试样的微观形态,结果表明,ＥＡＮ颗粒的引入破坏了基体的连续性,产生了大量的内界面,从而增大了低温燃烧时的有效燃面,而高温燃烧时由于ＥＡＮ特性结构受火药基体的热胀挤压减少了有效燃面,这样使不同温度下的燃速趋于一致,从而导致硝胺发射药温度系数的降低。     

燃速低温感的高能硝胺发射药研究

利用差示扫描量热法和密闭爆发器测试方法对含有NX燃速改良剂的高能硝胺发射药的热分解和燃烧性能及燃速温度系数进行研究。研究结果表明，NX燃速改良剂对改善硝胺发射药的燃烧性能和降低燃速温度系数有很好的效果。     

单元液体发射药高压线燃速测定

液体发射药燃速是影响液体发射药燃烧性能的关键参数之一。该文设计了单元液体发射高压线燃速试验装置,利用包覆火药柱在密闭爆发器中燃烧产生恒压环境,借助离子探针测速技术定量测试OTTO－Ⅱ在45－83MPa范围内的线燃速。结果表明,它满足指数燃速公式,并算出了相应的燃速系数和燃速指数。研究结果对再生试液体发射药火炮内弹道设计有重要价值。     

低温感包覆药已燃质量分数的一种计算方法

该文以大量中止燃烧实验数据为基础，研究并划分了低温感包覆药（ＬＴＳＣＰ）的燃烧过程，给出各阶段其已燃质量分数的计算方法。通过对多种装药的计算表明，该方法具有较 准确的低温感效果的能力，与实验结果符合较好。     

延期药和点火药燃速测试新方法

燃烧速度是延期药、点火药的重要技术指标。传统的燃烧速度测试方法只能测延期药的平均燃速，且测试精度较低。本将ＣＣＤ（光电耦合器件）技术应用于药剂燃烧速度的测试，解决了以往无法测延期药、占火药瞬时燃速的难题。以Ｔｉ－ＢａＣｒＯ４系延期药为例，用该方法对其燃烧速度进行了实际测试，得到了该延期药燃烧波面位置－时间曲线、瞬时燃速曲线以及平均燃速随压力变化的曲线。     

纯氧氛围下正庚烷均质压燃燃烧特性

基于一台双缸柴油机，结合自行设计开发的纯氧进气系统进行试验，研究了不同进气氧体积分数对正庚烷均质压燃燃烧过程及稳定性的影响。试验结果表明，随着混合气中氧体积分数降低，二氧化碳体积分数增加，缸内平均比热容不断增大，使得缸内最高燃烧温度降低，其对应的峰值相位推迟，燃烧始点推迟，放热率峰值下降，热效率降低；同时发现随着二氧化碳体积分数的增加，缸内温度会随之降低，使得燃烧循环不稳定性增强。以上现象均表明较高的二氧化碳体积分数能够有效抑制纯氧氛围下正庚烷均质压燃。此外，试验发现了纯氧氛围下正庚烷均质压燃负温度系数区间持续时间大幅缩短现象。     

低特征信号NEPE推进剂配方设计及燃烧性能

根据最小自由能方法计算了铝粉含量变化对ＮＥＰＥ，ＣＭＤＢ以及固体含量为８８％的复合团体推进剂能量特性的影响．铝粉含量为５％～１８％时，ＮＥＰＥ推进剂密度比冲分别比ＣＭＤＢ和复合团体推进剂增加１１．１～１４．６ｓ·ｇ／ｃｍ３和１４．２～１８．０ｓ·ｇ／ｃｍ３．通过对低特征信号ＮＥＰＥ推进剂配方燃烧性能的研究，观察到当Ａ１含量为３％～５％时，采用３．５％的燃速催化剂仅可使压力指数降至０．６０．相应高能ＮＥＰＥ（铝粉含量等于１８％）推进剂的压力指数可降至０．５６．而降低ＡＰ粒度和增加其含量是提高燃速和降低压力指数的有效措施之一．此外，还测定了ＮＥＰＥ推进剂的燃速温度敏感系数，并与ＣＭＤＢ和复合团体推进剂数据进行了对比．     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that