重塑黄土成样均匀性研究

为了改善重塑黄土成样的均匀性,提高成样效率和试验结果的可靠性,以宁夏同心下马关黄土为研究对象,成样方法、成样分层数和土样密度为因素,试验与统计分析相结合,研究了重塑黄土成样的均匀性。研究结果表明:成样均匀性随着成样分层数的增加而增加;同一成样分层,土样密度自上而下逐渐减小,在成样分层数较少时,顶部和底部的密度差异较大;成样均匀性与土样的密度有关,但密度的影响程度随成样分层数增大而减小;在成样分层数相同时,压样法较击样法的成样均匀性好,效率高;在成样分层数为5时,压样法可以获得很好的成样均匀性。     

裂隙膨胀土室内降雨入渗试验研究

在大气降雨和蒸发的作用下,膨胀土体收缩产生大量无序破裂裂隙,水分易向土体深部渗透,裂隙性膨胀土比同类非开裂土体具有更大的渗透性,容易使膨胀土地区的边坡滑坡。常规试验中采用完整的土样进行渗透试验,量测出的渗透系数与实际裂隙存在的膨胀土渗透性有数量级上的差异,为反映裂隙膨胀土的真实渗透性,对不同初始含水率相同压实度、相同初始含水率不同压实度的两组裂隙膨胀土样进行室内模拟降雨实验,研究其在降雨入渗条件下的渗透规律,得出以下结论：(1)不同压实度膨胀土样脱湿后都形成以宽、细裂隙构成的裂隙网络,表面裂隙形态各不相同,总体上随压实度降低土样主裂隙有由开放向连通闭合的趋势,高、低压实度土样表面裂隙率比中等压实度(75%)土样低;(2)不同初始含水率土样裂隙脱湿后表面裂隙形态差异大,初始含水率从高到低土样宽裂隙趋向于均匀、且细裂隙明显增多,主裂隙曲线形状随初始含水率降低由圆弧状向直线转变,高初始含水率土样表面裂隙率大,初始含水率降到一定程度时土样表面裂隙率基本相当;(3)不同压实度下裂隙膨胀土初始入渗率随压实度增大而增大,近于线性关系,其后短时间内急骤衰减,压实度大的土样衰减速率较慢,稳定后入渗率都处于10-4数量级;(4)不同初始含水率土样初始入渗率数量级相同,不同土样入渗率变化区别极大,入渗率衰减阶段的衰减速率与持续时间明显不同,初始含水率高的土样衰减速率较低、持续时间长,土样稳定后平均入渗率除极高初始含水率土样外其它基本相同,约为4 E-04cm/s。     

过渡型细粒土击实特性及基质吸力试验研究

级配呈现过渡特征的土被称为过渡土.路基填料中过渡型细粒土的击实特性不同，且力学性能受基质吸力的影响较大.根据试验标准(ASTM D698-12),进行标准击实试验，得到最优含水率和最大干密度.对试验土样，分别使用露点水势仪和高量程吸力计量测击实前后土样的基质吸力.结果表明：过渡土中黏粒含量的增加使路基填土压实特性不同，过渡土的最大干密度随着黏粒含量的增加而减小，过渡土的最优含水率随着黏粒含量的增加而增大；在击实曲线湿侧时击实土的基质吸力接近于0;击实后过渡土的基质吸力呈现过渡特征，当认为过渡土中的水分被黏粒完全吸收后，过渡土的吸力-含水率可以拟合为一条曲线，即吸力-黏土含水率曲线；在压实前的松散土颗粒的吸力量测中，也得到近似的试验结果.     

不同压实度和初始含水率裂隙膨胀土室内降雨入渗试验研究

在大气降雨和蒸发的作用下,膨胀土体收缩产生大量无序破裂裂隙,水分易向土体深部渗透,裂隙性膨胀土比同类非开裂土体具有更大的渗透性,容易使膨胀土地区的边坡滑坡。常规试验中采用完整的土样进行渗透试验,量测出的渗透系数与实际裂隙存在的膨胀土渗透性有数量级上的差异,为反映裂隙膨胀土的真实渗透性,对不同初始含水率相同压实度、相同初始含水率不同压实度的两组裂隙膨胀土样进行室内模拟降雨实验,研究其在降雨入渗条件下的渗透规律,得出以下结论:(1)不同压实度膨胀土样脱湿后都形成以宽、细裂隙构成的裂隙网络,表面裂隙形态各不相同,总体上随压实度降低土样主裂隙有由开放向连通闭合的趋势,高、低压实度土样表面裂隙率比中等压实度(75%)土样低;(2)不同初始含水率土样裂隙脱湿后表面裂隙形态差异大,初始含水率从高到低土样宽裂隙趋向于均匀,且细裂隙明显增多,主裂隙曲线形状随初始含水率降低由圆弧状向直线转变,高初始含水率土样表面裂隙率大,初始含水率降到一定程度时土样表面裂隙率基本相当;(3)不同压实度下裂隙膨胀土初始入渗率随压实度增大而增大,近于线性关系,其后短时间内急骤衰减,压实度大的土样衰减速率较慢,稳定后入渗率都处于10-4数量级;(4)不同初始含水率土样初始入渗率数量级相同,不同土样入渗率变化区别极大,入渗率衰减阶段的衰减速率与持续时间明显不同,初始含水率高的土样衰减速率较低、持续时间长,土样稳定后平均入渗率除极高初始含水率土样外其他基本相同,约为4×10-4cm/s。     

海南有机质浸染砂变形特性研究

选取海南文昌某工程中遇到的有机质砂土为研究对象,通过电镜扫描探究土样中有机质的存在形式。对土样进行一系列三轴固结排水剪切试验。基于试验数据总结该有机质砂土的变形特性;并探讨邓肯-张模型的适用性。结果表明:该砂土中有机质浸染到土颗粒中并与土颗粒较好地结合在了一起;三轴剪切过程中,土样表现出微弱的软化特性和明显的剪胀性;邓肯-张模型不能很好地反映有机质浸染砂的剪胀特性。最终,提出能反映土剪胀性的修正邓肯-张模型并对该土样进行参数标定。结果表明,新的模型对于试验土样具有较好的适用性。     

黄河冲积粉土的吸力和强度特性关系

采用GDS非饱和三轴仪对黄河冲积粉土击实土样进行同时控制净室压力和吸力的三轴剪切试验,研究了吸力和土样强度之间的关系.试验结果表明,非饱和与饱和土样均呈现出应变硬化的双曲线形应力-应变关系;非饱和状态下土样的内摩擦角近似等于饱水状态下的有效内摩擦角,同时总黏聚力随吸力增加而线性增大;随着吸力的增大,土样的强度提高,说明吸力对土体具有强化作用;土样临界状态线的斜率是一个与吸力无关的常数,临界状态线在q轴上的截距μ反映了吸力对强度的贡献,对该击实粉土,μ和s呈线性关系.     

玄武岩残积土的崩解性试验

论述了残积土的崩解性,并对两种不同风化程度下的玄武岩残积土进行了室内崩解试验,试验在原状土、烘干、风干三种条件下进行。试验结果表明,原状土样崩解速度较慢,风干土样崩解速度最快,烘干1h土样次之。同时,土样本身的矿物成分、颗粒大小、含水率等是影响土样崩解的重要因素,棕红色土样由于含有游离态氧化铁等因素,崩解速率大于黄褐色土样。     

粗粒土路基的压实试验

通过改变室内击实试验的击实参数,对影响粗粒土压实特性的相关因素进行分析;利用现场试验,对粗粒土路基压实厚度、压实机械及压实遍数等影响压实效果因素综合分析后,针对粗粒土中粗粒含量的变化,提出采用三点二次插值函数的定量分析方法及定量与定性分析相结合的方法对粗粒土的压实质量进行评价。结果表明,含水量对粗粒土压实影响较小,应采用大吨位的振动压路机对粗粒土进行压实。     

海上自升式钻井平台桩靴穿刺现象的数值分析

分析多层土条件下,桩靴承载力和孔穴的变化规律,揭示桩靴发生穿刺现象的实质;进一步提出桩靴极限安全深度的概念,系统描述上、下土层强度比、上层土相对厚度、下层土标准化抗剪强度和土体强度非均匀系数等参数变化对桩靴承载力的影响;给出适用于工程使用的上硬下软黏土中桩靴承载力系数的计算方法。研究结果表明:桩靴发生穿刺的深度主要受到上层土相对厚度、上层土强度和上下土层强度比的影响;标准化抗剪强度系数和土体强度不均匀性系数对于桩靴承载力系数极限值的影响都不超过5%,地基土最终承载力与上层土无关,取决于下层软土的强度。     

柴油污染改良土的击实特性及微观机理

为研究柴油污染对水泥改良后花岗岩残积土压实特性的影响,通过室内击实试验,以柴油和水为介质,得到了单一水介质和油水混合介质时土样的击实曲线.发现污染土样的最优含水率呈下降趋势,而最大干密度却呈一定幅度的上升趋势.同时通过液限和塑限联合测定法得到土样的稠度界限,发现其塑限变化趋势与最优含水率相似,即土样的液限、塑限以及塑性指数都是先增大再减小,并且在含油率为6%时达到峰值.最后通过SEM扫描电子显微镜进行观察,分析并得到柴油污染改良土击实特性微观结构.微观视角下,水泥和柴油会发生物理胶结作用,填充了土颗粒之间的孔隙,导致单位体积下土样的孔隙率减小,从而密度增大.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the