高速动车侧梁焊接残余变形的控制

构架是机车车辆的重要承载部件,控制其侧梁的焊接残余变形至关重要.以热弹塑性理论为基础采用APDL语言对侧梁进行了焊接变形数值仿真计算,并对侧梁进行现场跟踪测量,得出侧梁的焊接变形仿真计算结果与测量值,二者基本吻合,误差在6%之内.以此仿真模型为基础,采用多层优化计算方法,对侧梁焊接时的随焊冲击碾压参数进行了优化分析,得到与焊接工艺相匹配的最优方案,计算结果表明最优方案能够降低残余变形量60%左右,最优随焊冲击碾压对于减小焊接残余变形效果明显.通过数值仿真优化所得的方案可为焊接变形的控制、焊接工艺设计的选择、随焊冲击碾压设备的设计等提供可靠依据.     

气动冲击对顶板-U肋焊接残余应力的影响

为研究气动冲击技术对钢桥面板焊接结构残余应力场的影响,建立气动冲击处理顶板-U肋焊接有限元模型.首先对顶板-U肋焊接进行模拟,得到顶板-U肋焊接残余应力场的分布.焊接结果表明:顶板-U肋连接焊缝区域存在较大的残余应力,焊趾及焊根中部位置处存在较大的横向拉应力.在此基础上,建立气动冲击处理焊缝的动力学模型,研究冲击速度、角度和冲击头大小对焊趾附近横向应力的影响.气动冲击结果表明:气动冲击可以将焊缝处的残余拉应力转为残余压应力,形成半椭球形的压应力区,并通过试验对模型进行了验证.冲击参数中,冲击速度和冲击头尺寸对横向应力的影响较大,冲击速度及冲击头尺寸的增大,能提高压应力值大小及压应力区的范围.     

反变形、振动时效与振动焊接在柴油机机体焊修中的应用

探讨了机体焊修中产生的焊接变形和残余应力对柴油机运用的不良影响.通过反变形法控制机体焊接变形,振动时效释放焊接残余应力,提高了机体检修质量和生产效率;通过焊缝晶粒度检验和盲孔法应力检测,验证了振动焊接工艺在细化焊缝晶粒、消除焊修机体残余应力方面有很好的作用.     

热处理对超厚板焊接残余应力影响的数值分析

基于ABAQUS软件的热弹塑性有限元程序,对390 mm超厚度20MnMoNb钢板拼焊制造EO反应器管板的焊接过程进行焊接残余应力与变形有限元模拟,考察焊后500℃热处理对板内残余应力与变形的影响。结果表明:超厚板焊态在焊缝及热影响区存在高度不均匀的残余应力,由于为了限制管板的变形,在板面上施压有配重,导致先焊面的残余应力较大,特别是在靠近表面的焊缝及热影响区附近存在残余拉应力峰值;后焊面的残余应力相对较小一些;焊缝内部为残余压应力;焊后管板发生了一端翘起的角变形;500℃热处理可明显降低厚板的焊接残余应力,且使应力分布趋于均匀,但热处理后焊接变形有所增大。     

焊缝层数对特厚度管板焊接残余应力与变形影响的有限元分析

基于ABAQUS软件,建立了顺序耦合的焊接残余应力与变形有限元计算程序,对大型环氧乙烷（EO）反应器国产化中采用的390 mm厚20MnMoNb特厚板拼焊反应器管板的焊接过程进行了残余应力与变形计算,并讨论采用不同焊缝层数对管板焊后残余应力与变形的影响.焊接采用双U形坡口,通过翻转管板进行两面坡口的交替焊接,为防止管板发生过度变形,焊接时始终在管板两端压有重量为4.5 MN配重.计算结果表明：焊后管板发生了一端翘起的角变形,在靠近表层的焊缝及热影响区存在较大残余拉应力,在焊缝内部为较大的残余压应力;由于配重对变形的限制导致先焊面的应力大于后焊面;增加焊缝层数,使变形增加,残余应力降低,但并不显著.对如此大型特厚板约束焊,增加焊缝层数不是降低其焊接残余应力的有效手段.     

焊接应力、焊接变形的产生和控制

影响焊接应力与变形的因素很多,最根本的原因是焊件受热不均匀,其次是由于焊缝金属的收缩、金相组织的变化及焊件刚性的不同所致。本文将主要讨论焊接残余应力、焊接残余变形的产生和控制。     

背面冷却对316L对接接头焊接残余应力和变形的影响

基于热弹-塑性理论和有限元理论,以Abaqus软件为平台,结合Python和Fortran语言编辑程序建立分析步、控制焊缝单元生死和施加双椭球热源载荷,考虑材料热物理性能、力学性能的非线性,开发了焊接热、力耦合有限元模型,分析了作用于焊缝背面的冷源宽度、冷源功率对316L不锈钢对接接头焊接残余应力和变形的影响规律。结果表明:随着冷源宽度、冷源功率的增加,焊缝表面的纵向、横向残余拉应力峰值降低;当冷源宽度大于20 mm时,上侧焊缝表面的纵向残余应力峰值降低不明显,即冷源宽度存在最佳值;随着冷源功率的增加,上侧焊缝表面的残余应力峰值降低幅度减少,下侧焊缝表面的残余应力峰值降低幅度明显。此外,随着冷源宽度、冷源功率的增加,焊件的变形增加;当冷源宽度大于20 mm时,增加冷源宽度对变形的影响不明显。     

振动焊接对焊件疲劳寿命的影响及机理分析

对机械振动焊接试板与常规埋弧自动焊接试板进行了残余应力测试、金相观察及疲劳试验 ,研究了机械振动焊接对焊件疲劳寿命的影响 .结果表明 ,机械振动焊接可降低焊接残余应力、细化焊缝和热影响区的金相组织 ,提高焊件疲劳寿命 .在本试验条件下 ,纵向残余应力降低 43% ,横向残余应力降低 2 5% ;振动焊接试样热影响区的晶粒度为 5级 ,而常规埋弧自动焊接试样热影响区的晶粒度为 3级 ;振动焊接试样的疲劳寿命提高 35% .并应用金属疲劳理论分析了振动焊接提高焊件疲劳寿命的内在本质     

安全端焊接残余应力对裂纹尖端力学参量的影响

焊接残余应力是导致核电一回路安全端异种金属焊接接头引导力腐蚀开裂(SCC)的主要因素之一,同时焊接接头区域材料力学性能不均匀性使得SCC裂纹尖端力学场分析变得更为复杂。为了了解核电一回路压力容器安全端异种焊接结构中残余应力对裂纹尖端力学参量的影响,本文通过有限元手段分别利用预定义温度场法和导入预应力法对核电一回路安全端焊接接头中的残余应力分布进行模拟,并计算分析了焊接残余应力作用对安全端焊接接头中SCC裂纹尖端主要力学参量的影响。研究表明,导入预应力法是较理想的焊接接头残余应力场模拟方法;裂尖应力、应变以及J积分均与残余应力的分布规律有很大的关联性;当裂纹长度小于管壁厚度的三分之一时,裂尖应力应变和断裂参量随裂纹长度增加而增大,之后趋于平稳;当裂纹长度接近30 mm时裂尖法向应力由正变负,裂尖应力应变随裂纹长度的增大而减小,有可能造成SCC裂纹扩展停滞。研究结果为日后定量预测安全端SCC裂纹扩展历程奠定了一定的理论基础。     

管道环焊缝应力消减与评价方法

焊接完成后环焊缝区域产生残余应力,导致管道有效承载能力和安全裕度降低,选择有效的应力消减措施和评价手段对确保焊接管段服役安全有重要工程价值。将超声冲击应力消减技术和矫顽力法应力评价技术在带有环焊缝的X80焊接管段进行应用,对比焊缝区域消减前后显微组织、残余应力、力学性能变化。结果表明：消减前焊趾熔合线处显微组织为层带状分布,消减后晶粒变小,转变为交织分布,晶粒分布更加均匀;焊缝中心矫顽力普遍减小,残余应力由拉应力消减后转变为压应力,应力集中程度降低;力学性能尤其是冲击韧性提高了13%～21%,拉伸力学性能变化较小;经过超声冲击的服役管道环焊缝处应力水平显著降低;超声冲击和矫顽力法是油气管道环焊缝焊后应力消减及评价的有效手段。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with     

Journal of Donghua University ( English Edition) Contents of Volume 31

正~~