新型超吸水性复合材料水凝胶电解质的制备

把膨润土/聚丙烯酸钠超吸水性复合材料浸入到电解质溶液中,制备了一种电导率为50 S.m-1的新型水凝胶电解质.实验表明,水凝胶电解质具有类似离子溶液的电导率,水凝胶电解质的电导率主要决定于它所浸入溶液的离子浓度、pH值和温度.超吸水性复合材料的吸水倍率对水凝胶电导率是具有重要的影响,但在一定的范围内,超吸水性复合材料的制备条件对水凝胶的电导率的影响较小.     

海藻酸钠改性膨润土/聚(丙烯酸钠-丙烯酰胺) 高吸水性复合材料的合成及性能

以丙烯酸和丙烯酰胺为单体,采用新型水溶液聚合法,制备海藻酸钠改性的膨润土/聚(丙烯酸钠-丙烯酰胺)高吸水性复合材料.采用正交实验,考察交联剂、引发剂、中和度、海藻酸钠、膨润土及单体质量比等因素对吸水倍率的影响.结果表明,当膨润土质量分数为30%时,该高吸水性复合材料仍可吸收自身重量1 200多倍的蒸馏水.傅里叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)与扫描电子显微镜(SEM)分析表明,单体与矿物结合良好.     

敞开体系水溶液法合成膨润土/聚丙稀酸钠超吸水性复合树脂

以丙烯酸,膨润土为原料,利用水溶液法合成了膨润土聚丙烯酸钠高吸水性复合材料,并对膨润土用量、引发剂用量、交联剂用量、丙烯酸中和度和温度对悬浮聚合反应及对产物吸水性能的影响进行了研究.所制备的吸水性复合材料吸水速率快,吸水率高达700g/g.     

聚(丙烯酸-丙烯酰胺)/膨润土/淀粉吸水性复合材料的制备及其性能

采用N,N-亚甲基双丙烯酰胺为交联剂,以过硫酸钾为引发剂,利用水溶液聚合法制备了聚(丙烯酸-丙烯酰胺)/膨润土/淀粉吸水性复合材料,研究了膨润土用量、引发剂、交联剂、中和度、单体质量比等因素对材料吸水性能的影响,探讨了材料的保水性和吸水速率.结果表明:当膨润土含量为丙烯酸单体的13%,引发剂含量为0.8%,交联剂含量为0.04%,中和度为85%,m(AA)/m(AM)为1时,该复合材料吸水倍数为390,其保水性能良好.     

纳米羟基磷灰石/聚乙烯醇/海藻酸钠复合水凝胶的结构与性质研究

采用溶液共混法制备了纳米羟基磷灰石/聚乙烯醇/海藻酸钠三元复合水凝胶材料,测定了复合材料的含水率,采用燃烧实验、扫描电子显微镜、傅里叶红外光谱及X射线衍射对复合材料的结构进行了表征和分析,并研究了复合材料的吸水性.结果表明,制备的复合水凝胶材料组成均匀,各组分间存在相互作用,并且具有好的吸水和保水性能,该复合水凝胶材料可作为一种人工软骨生物材料.     

膨润土/聚丙烯酸高吸水材料制备及改性

采用高温快速的水溶液聚合方法。合成膨润土／聚丙烯酸高吸水性复合材料．探讨复合材料制备过程中各种因素,如交联剂用量和膨润土超细粉用量等对复合材料吸水倍数的影响．文中还对复合材料进行表面交联改性．结果表明,改性有利于提高复合材料的吸水倍数和吸水速率．     

有机质和黏土矿物对软土流变性质影响对比试验研究

采用改进的直剪蠕变仪,对有机质、膨润土对软土流变性质影响显著程度进行对比试验研究,在相同试验条件下完成了两组含有机质、膨润土百分比相同的试样的流变性质的测试。测试结果表明,有机质和膨润土所含蒙脱石是影响软土流变性质的重要因素之一,且有机质对软土流变性质的影响较膨润土所含蒙脱石的影响显著,在其他条件相同时,含有机质或膨润土试样的黏滞系数均比不含有机质和膨润土试样的小,且含有机质试样的黏滞系数比含膨润土试样的小,即有机质和膨润土使土样流变变形阻力减小,且前者使土样流变变形阻力减少的幅度较后者的大。试验结果分析认为,有机质和膨润土所含蒙脱石通过吸附于颗粒表面的结合水影响土的流变性质,其中强结合水是土体产生流变的主要因素,而弱结合水则是相对次要因素。文中的试验结果有助于进一步认清土体流变的起因,对改进和完善现有流变变形计算理论有一定指导意义。     

用热失重法确定水合粘上水分含量及存在形式

以蒙脱土为例,采用热失重法定性定量确定了水合粘土中结合水类型、界限及其相对含量,并与等温吸附法结果进行了时比。结果表明,用该方法得到的水合蒙脱土中各种水分的相对含量及总含水量与等温吸附实验结果相一致。热失重(25~250℃)分析结果表明,水合蒙脱土中水分子主要存在自由水、松散吸附结合水、紧密吸附水(强吸附结合水)三种状态,分别劝应于25~75℃、75~120℃、120~230℃区间里的失水。从热失重(25~250℃)规律来看,仍存在两个明显的转折点。p/ps=0.9~0.98,它们为粘土一水体系的两个特征湿度,前者为粘土表面强结合水与松散结合水(渗透结合水)之间的界限,后者为松散结合水与自由水之间的界限,验证了等温吸附法确定的两个特征湿度及对粘土表面结合水界限划分的正确性。     

高岭土-丙烯酰胺系超吸水性复合材料表征

应用X－射线粉晶衍射（XRD）、红外吸收光谱（IR）的方法，对高岭土－淀粉接枝共聚丙烯酰胺超吸水性复合材料进行表征。结果表明，在超吸水性复合材料的制备中，高岭土粉体的结构依然保存，分散度提高。同时，高岭土粉体表面的羟基、淀粉上的羟基与丙烯酰胺单体等，发生了接枝共聚反应。     

有机膨润土制备表征及其应用

用十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTMAB)改性钠基膨润土(IMB)制得有机膨润土,并进一步制备出了有机膨润土/吸油树脂复合材料。采用X射线衍射(XRD)、热分析(TG)、傅里叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)对样品进行分析。结果表明,CTMAB已经成功地引入了膨润土片层结构中,膨润土层间距由原来的1.12nm增大到1.87nm。树脂吸附研究表明,复合材料对苯的饱和吸油率为9.5g/g。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with