石墨—聚合物复合材料膜的导电行为

本文研究了石墨－丙烯酸树脂复合材料导电膜的电导率σ随石墨体积浓度Ｖ的变化关系，并把实验结果同逾渗理论相比较。实验表明，存在一个最佳体积浓度Ｖｍ，当Ｖ＝Ｖｍ时σ最大。对于Ｖ〈Ｖｍ，σ随Ｖ增加并符合愈渗理论。对于Ｖ〉Ｖｍ，σ随Ｖ缓慢下降，不符合逾渗理论，讨论了电导率下降的原因。     

表面强化钢的条件接触疲劳极限的预测方程

对多种钢经各种表面强化如渗碳、渗氮、碳氮共渗、高频淬火等后,获得不同强化层深度、表面和心部不同硬度以及表面不同残余奥氏体级别的试件,进行快速法测定10~7时的条件接触疲劳极限,将疲劳极限σ_(km)与层深 D、硬度梯度 m,残余奥氏体级别 R 之间关系进行多元回归处理,建立σ_(km)与 D、m、R 之同的关系:σ_(km)=A_0+A_1D+A_2m+A_3R.利用它,只要已知 D、m、R 值,即可预测σ_(km)。     

岩体脆性破裂失稳临界应力特征重正化群研究

岩体通常是由节理和岩桥组成,大量岩体工程破坏和失稳多是由于系统中较硬介质突然脆性破坏所致.把岩体脆性破坏过程看作一个逾渗相交过程,假定岩体细观微元体强度服从Weibull分布,基于系统在逾渗阈值处有尺度不变的性质,利用重正化群方法在求得一维和二维条件下系统逾渗阈值的基础上,首次研究了三维重正化群条件下岩体脆性破坏在逾渗阈值附近的临界特性,为相关问题三维重正化群研究提供了解析解参考,并揭示了如下规律:(1)维数一定时,逾渗阈值p*随着形状参数m的增大呈减小趋势;当形状参数m一定且m较小时,逾渗阈值p*随着维数增加而降低;当形状参数m一定且m较大时,逾渗阈值p*随着维数增加呈逐渐增大趋势.(2)形状参数m一定时,关联临界指数v随着维数增加呈降低趋势;维数为1时,关联临界指数v随着形状参数m的增大呈衰减趋势,而对于二维、三维的情况,其随着形状参数m的增大基本呈增大趋势.(3)对于一维、二维情况而言,体积膨胀点与峰值强度点所对应的应力之比σed/σf随着形状参数m的增大呈减小趋势,三维则正好相反,σcd/σf随着形状参数m的增大呈增大趋势.特别需要指出的是,在维数、形状参数m一定时,σcd/σf为定值,说明对于特定的岩石破裂过程,其膨胀点处应力与峰值应力之间存在某种联系,可能遵循一定的规律,这对于宏观岩石破裂现象(诸如边坡失稳、岩爆、地震等)的预测具有一定的启示意义.     

硼矾共渗工艺在模具上的应用

通过试验,分析硼矾共渗处理后所得共渗层的组织结构、共渗处理工艺参数对共渗处理效果的影响及其渗后模具的耐磨性能。结果表明经硼钒共渗处理后钢的耐磨性能大大提高,模具的使用寿命比处理前成倍提高。     

4Cr5MoSiV1钢稀土软氮化工艺及应用研究

研究了稀土及稀土加入量、共渗温度、共渗时间对共渗层厚度、表面硬度及其分布的影响。结果表明,稀土加入能明显加快共渗速度,缩短共渗时间、特别是扩散层硬度,使硬度梯度下降;渗层组织改善,过渡层中碳化物、氮化物细小弥散。生产应用表明,该工艺处理铝合金压铸使用寿命提高两倍。     

双层辉光离子镍铬共渗的研究

本文论述了双层辉光离子镍铬共渗的渗层组织结构和成分,讨论了渗层厚度与镍铬共渗工艺参数的关系。试验研究表明:镍铬共渗层厚度取决于共渗温度、保温时间和试样材料,其变动范围0～250微米。铜的镍铬共渗层中的镍铬含量可在0～85％的范围内变动。此外,还列举了双层辉光离子镍铬共渗工艺在碳钢钢板上的应用。     

气体氮碳共渗的发展

气体氮碳共渗不断发展的今天,涌现出众多新工艺:稀土氮碳共渗、合金化氮化、加压氮碳共渗等等。     

工艺因素对硼铝稀土共渗层的影响研究

本文对工具钢进行硼铝共渗,硼铝共渗工艺参数对渗层厚度、金相组织及性能的影响进行了研究。试验研究采用了正交试验分析法。结果表明,对硼铝共渗影响的主要因素是加热温度和保温时间。经硼铝共渗机理分析,稀土在硼铝共渗过程中提高了硼和铝的活性,从而使表面含硼、铝量得到提高。     

WMoCo多元共渗扩散交互作用规律研究

采用双层辉光离子渗金属技术分别对工业纯铁进行了单元渗W、W-Mo二元共渗、W-Mo-Co三元共渗.通过相同渗金属工艺条件下合金层厚度对比,利用扩散热力学、扩散微观理论以及渗入原子的空位占有率等理论,揭示了渗金属条件下W、Mo、Co三种合金元素的扩散交互作用规律.分析结果表明,多元共渗过程中,共渗元素之间会对彼此的化学势、元素的空位浓度、元素的空位占有率等产生影响,进而影响到元素的扩散速率.     

低温稀土硼共渗研究

研究了钢在加稀土氧化物Ｌａ２Ｏ３,于低温（Ａ１相变点以下）下进行固体稀土硼共渗的工艺及渗层的组织与性能。探讨了稀土对低温渗硼的催渗作用。结果表明,低温稀土硼共渗,可使钢件表面获得实用的渗硼硬化层。与单一渗硼相比,稀土硼共渗后渗层的硬度、耐蚀性显著提高,而脆性明显下降。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that