红树林凋落叶自然分解过程中土壤微生物的数量动态

用人工模拟凋落叶方法.研究了红树林(秋茄Kandelia candel)凋落叶自然分解过程中土壤微生物数量的变化,结果表明:凋落叶有利于土壤异养微生物的生长,繁殖,使其数量明显增多;从而加速了凋落叶的分解作用,引起凋落叶分解的异养微生物,从数量看,细菌占绝对优势,它是落叶分解起先蜂和主导作用的微生物类群;丝状真菌也有不可忽视的作用;放线菌似乎被抑制而减少。     

武夷山不同森林类型土壤异养微生物数量与类群组成

在武夷山自然保护区选择了三个森林类型土壤定位观察区，周期地研究异养微生物数量和细菌、放线菌和丝状真菌等三大类群异养微生物组成变化．结果表明：不同森林类型土壤异养微生物数量和类群组成极为不同，即使同一森林类型土壤不同小生境异养微生物数量和类群组成也有明显差异．文中讨论了上述差异原因，并分析该森林类型土壤的生产力和肥力水平     

自养与异养条件下小球藻对氮、磷的利用

研究了自养与异养条件下球藻对营养化水体中氮，磷的利用及藻体的生长，自养条件下，第2天对氮，磷利用达最大值，同时生物量也达最大，异养条件下，第2天对氮，磷利用基本达最大值，但藻体仍在生长，研究发现，对氮，磷利用率与藻体生长状态有关，并非随细胞密度增大而增大，自养宜在对数期收获得藻体，异养宜在稳定期收获藻体。     

转基因鱼腥藻7120光异养生长的研究

研究了不同有机碳源对转基因鱼腥藻７１２０生长的影响,在此基础上进行了光异养条件的优化,并研究了外源添加剂Ｌ－精氨酸、生长激素２,４－Ｄ与ＫＴ对藻细胞生长的影响。结果表明：蔗糖和葡萄糖能促进藻体的生长;最优碳氮源组合为葡萄糖６ｇ／Ｌ、ＮａＮＯ３１．５ｇ／Ｌ,经高压灭菌;Ｌ－精氨酸不支持藻体的光异养生长;一定含量的２,４－Ｄ与ＫＴ能促进藻体在光异养条件下的后期生长。     

九龙江口红树林土壤微生物的时空分布

研究了福建九龙江口秋茄（Kandelia candel）林与白骨壤（Avicennia marina）林土壤及其相应的对照光滩0～20cm、20～40cm和40～60cm3个层次土壤好氧异养细菌、放线菌和丝状真菌3类微生物数量时空分布及其与土壤主要理化因子的关系．结果表明；秋茄林与白骨壤林土壤及其相应的对照光滩土壤的细菌、放线菌和丝状真菌和微生物总数在3个土壤层次中，随着土壤深度的增加而下降，差异显著；两个红树林及其对照光滩土壤的微生物数量均以夏季最多，冬季最少。春秋季位于夏冬两季之间，或高或低，但差值不大；红树林土壤各类群微生物数量多显著高于相应对照光滩；秋茄林土壤各类群微生物数量显著高于白骨壤林土壤．土壤微生物数量与主要理化因子间的多元回归分析显示：与两个红树林土壤微生物数量关系最密切的因子是全氮和全磷而不是有机质，这可能与微生物数量及其活性对氮和磷有着相对重要的调控作用有关．     

卡德藻自养、异常与兼养培养的比较研究

本文对卡德藻在自养、异养和兼养培养条件下的比生长速率、细胞密度、细胞色素组成脂肪酸组成等方面进行了比较研究。兼养卡德藻的细胞密度大于自养条件和异养条件下细胞密度之和。兼养培养的卡德藻经生长速率是自养的2倍，异养的1.3倍。兼养和异养生长的对数期较自养的长，光合自养培养卡德藻最适光强为10000lx，而兼养培养最适光强范围为1000-2000lx。在自养和兼养培养时亚油酸的含量很高，自养和兼养状态下分别为16.6%和17.49%。EPA合成的量较低。异养藻的多不饱和脂肪酸的产量较自养藻和兼养藻更低。兼养藻细胞光合色素组成和含量与自养藻细胞的基本一致，但在异养条件下藻细胞色素组成发生明显改变。     

微生物在生物栅植物根系和填料生物膜上的数量分布差异

实验中以组合填料、美人蕉和水生动物为要素构建生物栅,以上海市苏州河支流绥宁河河水为实验用水,测定分析了功能微生物和微型动物在植物根系和填料生物膜上的数量分布差异,以研究生物栅强化处理污染景观水体的作用机理.结果表明,生物栅中有机物的矿化分解、氨化作用、硝化作用和反硝化作用可以在填料和植物根系上同时进行,有机物的矿化分解、氨化作用和硝化作用场所以植物根系为主,而反硝化作用主要在填料上进行.生物栅内植物根系和填料所具有的不同生境为异养细菌、硝化细菌和反硝化细菌的生长提供了各自适宜的场所,单位质量根系异养细菌数量比单位质量填料上异养细菌数量高出一个数量级,植物根系的泌氧作用提高了根系局部的溶解氧水平,硝化细菌对生境的选择结果使得单位质量根系或填料的硝化细菌数量表现为:实验组根系实验组填料对照组填料,而反硝化细菌对生境选择表现为:对照组填料实验组填料实验组根系.同时单位质量根系微型动物的数量和种类都要大于填料,根系和填料上微型动物的多样性指数值分别为2.16和2.08.     

南美白对虾苗种淡化期间异养细菌和弧菌的数量动态

采集南美白对虾苗种淡化期间各阶段的水样和虾苗,用平板计数法对水体和虾体的异养细菌和弧菌进行计数,采样时间从淡化开始到淡化结束.结果表明:南美白对虾虾苗经逐步淡化,随着盐度从14.36降至1.000,水体异养细菌从3.21×107CFU/ml降至(5.05～6.27)×105CFU/mL,弧菌数从1.57×106CFU/mL降至(2.63～16.8)×104CFU/mL;虾体中的异养细菌从3.24×104CFU/mL降至(1.19～1.66)×103CFU/mL,弧菌数从2.30×104CFU/mL降至(4.30～6.90)×102CFU/mL.通过苗种淡化,水体和虾体的异养细菌和弧菌数量都明显下降,虾体内的弧菌数量占总菌数比例由淡化开始时的71.6%下降到39.6%.实验结果表明南美白对虾淡化养殖可减少弧菌的数量,减少弧菌病的发生.     

高位虾池水体细菌和弧菌的数量变化及影响因素

研究了位于广东湛江东海岛北寮村和庵里村的4个凡纳滨对虾(Penaeus vannamei)高位池养殖过程水体中的可培养异养细菌和弧菌的数量变化及其影响因素.结果表明:1)北寮村虾池BL1和BL2的可培养异养细菌数量变化均呈现中间高两头低、后期多于初期的单峰变化趋势;BL1的弧菌数量变化趋势和可培养异养细菌的变化趋势相似,而BL2则是前期稍微升高而后下降,后期又呈升高态势,峰值出现在养殖末期;水源地BL3的可培养异养细菌数量变化为初期平缓,后期明显多于初期,大体呈上升态势;而BL3弧菌数量变化趋势则比较平缓.2)庵里村发病的虾池AL1的可培养异养细菌和弧菌数量呈现出单峰变化趋势,在养殖中途爆发病害时,可培养异养细菌数量高出未发病的正常池2个数量级;庵里村虾池AL2的可培养异养细菌数量变化趋势也是中间高两头低,而弧菌的数量变化则是无规律的波动;水源地AL3的可培养异养细菌数量变化大体呈下降趋势,弧菌数量放养初期最高.3)高位虾池的可培养异养细菌和弧菌数量虽多于水源地,但差异不显著,同一个位点,细菌和弧菌数量呈现同步增多或减少.虾场水体的可培养异养细菌和弧菌数量与多数环境因子之间相关性不显著,这与虾池养殖生态系统受人为因素影响较大有关,同时反映了高位虾池生态系统受多种因子作用的复杂性.     

温州九山河水体污染的微生物现状及评价

以总大肠菌群，异养细菌总数为指标说明温州九山河的微生物现状及污染状况，结果表明，九山河污染较重，微生物数量在夏季最多，春季次之，冬季最少.并提出防治污染的具体对策.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the