直流电压下绝缘子附近球形导电微粒运动起始电压研究

为了研究绝缘子对自由导电微粒运动规律的影响，实验观测了直流电压下不均匀电场中的聚四氟乙烯（PTFE）绝缘子附近球形导电微粒运动特性．结果表明，PTFE绝缘子的存在降低了微粒运动起始电压，而且绝缘子的形状也会影响绝缘子附近微粒运动的起始电压．当绝缘子表面与接地电极夹角为锐角时，绝缘子对微粒运动起始电压的影响最显著，并且其影响范围也相对较大．对于相同绝缘子，微粒较大时易发生水平运动而附着于绝缘子表面，微粒较小时则容易离开接地电极而浮起．采用Maxwell应力张量对微粒受到的静电力进行了计算和分析，其结果从力学角度解释了实验观察得到的结果．     

基于直流脉冲电流法局部放电检测的金属微粒缺陷研究

为了研究直流电压下气体绝缘金属封闭开关设备GIS(Gas Insulated Switchgear)在金属球微粒缺陷时检测局部放电的情况,建立了一个采用同轴平板电极为模型的直流脉冲电流检测系统。采用该系统观察金属微粒在电场中静止与跳动时脉冲电流的变化,提出一种金属微粒缺陷的脉冲电流特殊检测法。     

介质阻挡放电等离子体处理对麦秸秆表面润湿性能的影响

采用常压介质阻挡放电等离子体处理麦秸秆表面,分析了放电电压、电极间距和放电时间对麦秸秆表面润湿性的影响。结果表明:麦秸秆表面经过常压介质阻挡放电等离子体处理后,表面接触角显著减小,表面自由能明显增大,润湿性得到明显改善,且其对麦秸秆外表面的改善效果尤为明显; 此外,随着放电电压的增大,电极间距的减小及放电时间的延长,麦秸秆表面的接触角呈现先减小后增大的趋势,自由能则呈现先增大后减小的趋势; 在放电电压为30 V,电极间距为6 mm,处理时间为60 s条件下,介质阻挡放电等离子体处理对麦秸秆表面润湿性的改善效果最为显著。     

氮气大气压介质阻挡放电发射光谱诊断

用发射光谱法对氮气大气压介质阻挡放电等离子体进行了诊断,测出了N2(C^3∏g-B^B∏g)的337．1nm谱线强度随气体流量、电极间距、放电电压以及放电频率的变化规律．发现光强在气体流量为300mL／min或电极间距为1．5mm时有一个最大值;光强随放电电压及频率的增加而增强．但放电频率或电压增加到某一值时,光强的增强产生了突变,这时放电从丝状介质阻挡放电转变成准辉光介质阻挡放电;测得了放电电压电流波形、电压-电荷李萨如图形、时间分辨的发射光谱,发现丝状介质阻挡放电的微放电通道是随机分布独立存在的,相互不受影响;而准辉光介质阻挡放电的微放电通道之间产生叠加,并相互影响。     

相同放电面积不同边界介质阻挡放电

利用对介质阻挡放电装置,在放电电极上覆盖上相同面积不同边界的绝缘介质,观察它的放电的特性,对其放电模式及放电产生的等离子体重要参数电子激发温度进行了记录与计算.实验结果表明:由于放电具有相同的面积,导致间隙间的电容值相同,所以导致击穿电压、放电的模式、放电产生等离子体中的电子激发温度基本相同.     

110kV变电站高压裸线扩径增强绝缘护套研究

为了减小110kV变电站带电作业或改造施工时,人和施工车辆与高压裸线安全距离不够导致放电事故的概率,研究了3种用于减小110kV变电站高压裸线最小放电距离的扩径增强绝缘护套,即带薄层绝缘金属扩径护套、非接触式带内半导电涂层的环氧筒护套和接触式带内半导电涂层环氧筒护套。估算了3种护套的最小放电距离及其与半导电层半径和扩径的关系,获得了扩径绝缘结构最佳尺寸,并得出了变电站高压裸线扩径增强绝缘的一般准则。研究中,以装有金属扩径护套的110kV裸导线为例,进行了电场分布的有限元分析。理论计算和有限元分析表明:带薄层绝缘金属扩径护套的效果最佳,最小放电距离与高压裸线相比减小了60%;接触式带内半导电涂层环氧筒护套防护效果与金属扩径护套相近,但只能短期使用;非接触式带内半导电涂层环氧筒护套不能起到防护作用。     

等离子体中在极板上运动的介质颗粒的带电量测量

采用直流放电产生均匀等离子体,研究下极板上运动的带电颗粒的带电量问题.通过分析带电的介质颗粒发生碰撞运动时的碰撞轨迹,进而得到颗粒运动的相对速度等参量,最终求得颗粒的带电量Q,Q为10⁶~10⁷ e.实验结果对深入研究尘埃等离子体中带电颗粒的各种复杂运动提供了依据.     

不同尺寸微腔介质阻挡放电的对比研究

为进一步降低放电起始电压,产生数量较多、分布较均匀的低温等离子体,设计并制作了一种印刷电路板上的新型微电极——微腔结构电极,在高频正弦交流电压下,对尺寸l为0.3 mm、0.5 mm和1.0 mm微腔结构电极进行实验,根据得到的Lissajous图形进行分析。实验研究表明:外加电压相同条件下,微腔阵列的表面积与接地电极的面积之比D为0.69时,微腔与接地电极间的等效电容C_q、放电气隙电压U_g、半个周期内放电通道传输的电荷量Q_g、平均放电功率P均达到最大;但微腔电介质表面功率密度ρ却在D为0.36时达到最大;且高压电极与接地电极间的等效电容C_d变化很小,基本接近于静态介电常数对应的数值。     

溶液法制备ZnO纳米微粒薄膜的低压电阻开关特性

电阻开关随机存储器是一种有望应用于下一代非易失性存储器的新型存储器件,而ZnO是一种可应用于低电压低能耗电阻开关随机存储器的过渡金属氧化物.我们利用溶液法在40°C低温下制备获得粒径约为7–10 nm的ZnO纳米微粒,然后在优化制备条件下旋涂获得表面平整致密的n型ZnO纳米微粒薄膜.利用紫外-可见光吸收谱推算出ZnO纳米微粒薄膜的光学带隙宽度约为3.34 eV.ITO/ZnO/Al电容器结构的电流-电压曲线具有优良的双极性电阻开关特性:置/复位电压低至±0.2 V;在0.18 V的读取电压下可获得大于100的高/低电阻值比.电场作用下薄膜中ZnO分子发生电化学还原/氧化反应,导致薄膜中富余Zn原子组成的导电细丝周期性导通/截断,从而使得ZnO薄膜表现出电阻开关特性.     

三电极结构荫罩式PDP的模拟和实验研究

采用三维流体模型和老炼测试平台从理论模拟和实验测试角度研究三电极结构荫罩式PDP在对向放电和表面放电驱动波形下的放电发光特性.模拟结果表明:三电极结构荫罩式PDP在对向放电驱动波形下的点火和维持电压都低于表面放电驱动波形下的点火和维持电压;对向放电驱动波形的峰值亮度比表面放电驱动波形约高89％,表面放电驱动波形的放电效率比对向放电驱动波形约高9.1％.老炼平台的实验测试结果也表明了同样的趋势.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.