油气水三相流流过弯管的局部阻力特性研究

以油气水三相混合物为工质 ,对进口水平、出口垂直向上 90°弯管内油气水三相流的局部阻力特性进行了实验研究 .弯管内径为 4 5mm、弯曲半径为 30 0mm .在实验数据分析和比较的基础上 ,将油气水三相流流过弯管的局部阻力特性在整个实验范围内分为 3个区域 ,提出了各区域内局部阻力损失的计算式 ,计算值和实验值符合良好 .     

油气两相流流过弯管的局部阻力特性研究

以油气、气水为工质，对进口水平、出口垂直向上的９０弯管内气液两相流局部阻力特性进行了实验研究．弯管内径４５ｍｍ、弯曲半径为３００ｍｍ．根据实验结果，总结出了气水、油气两相流体流过弯管时的局部阻力变化规律，并与前人的结果进行了比较．重新提出了统一的弯管局部阻力计算公式，计算值和实验值符合良好．     

油水乳状液中水滴在疏水纤维丝上的聚结实验研究

采用自行设计的微通道纤维聚结装置和高速摄影系统测试油水乳状液中水滴在纤维丝表面被拦截、聚结和分离的过程.实验发现油水乳状液中水滴的碰撞合并过程存在3类:纤维丝捕获的水滴与油-水乳状液中水滴的合并、被纤维丝捕获的水滴之间的合并、乳状液中水滴间的合并.实验研究了油-水乳状液初始含水量、流动速度对纤维丝聚结器压力降和分离效率的影响.结果表明,在其他条件相同的情况下,油-水乳状液初始含水量越低、流动速度越小,分离效果越好,实验中流速为1,mm/s、初始含水量为3%,时,分离效率可达60%,.通过显微镜分析了纤维丝聚结器入口、中间以及出口处纤维床层上的水滴形貌,发现在聚结器出口处水滴直径最大,说明脱离纤维丝的水滴可能被再次捕获,继续发生碰撞聚结.     

乳状液膜萃取柠檬黄及其油相回收的工艺研究

通过制备油包水(W/O)乳状液并利用加电三维螺旋状微通道对W/O乳状液的快速高效破乳作用,探究了乳状液膜萃取柠檬黄及其油相回收的优化工艺.主要考察了乳水比和外水相pH值对乳状液膜分离效率的影响.实验结果表明:在搅拌转速为400 rpm、搅拌时间为5 min条件下,当乳水比为1:2、外水相pH=2、柠檬黄的初始浓度为100 mg·L~(-1)时,乳状液膜对于水溶液中的柠檬黄去除率最高可达77%.利用加电三维螺旋板式微通道对萃取后的乳状液进行破乳,其油相回收率可达82%.     

带受液槽板式塔中降液管底端结构参数对局部阻力的影响

在1200 mm安装有受液槽的圆形塔板冷模装置上,以单一介质水利用液位差测量局部阻力的方法,考察了降液管底端结构参数对局部阻力的影响,通过改变降液管底隙高度h0和受液槽流出宽度h1测得了相应的局部阻力系数,由实验数据回归得到局部阻力系数ξ的关联式为ξ=3.50(h1/h0)-0.212(h0/30)-0.390,并对实验结果进行了讨论。     

超低渗透油藏见水微观机理研究

从微观角度和宏观角度研究超低渗透油藏见水微观机理和见水特征。微观角度主要以室内实验为基础,首先通过恒流速和恒压差水驱油实验说明超低渗水驱过程中由于油水两相界面的存在导致的水驱油渗流阻力增加;然后通过渗流阻力分析和动态毛管压力实验研究了储层孔喉结构对水驱能力的影响以及水驱油渗流阻力增加的主要原因,结果表明当润湿相水与非润湿相油形成油水界面时,油水两相界面的阻力却远大于水驱油的毛管压力,会导致局部孔隙吼道被油水界面切断,从而不参与渗流。     

乳状液膜提取分离荷莲豆碱

 建立了用W/O型乳状液膜体系分离富集荷莲豆碱的方法.通过对外水相pH值、迁移时间、Span80用量、D2EHPA浓度、乳水比、油内比及内水相盐酸浓度的优化,获得了一个高效的乳状液膜分离体系.用紫外可见分光光度法和高效液相色谱法对该液膜分离体系的效能进行了研究.实验结果表明,在优化条件下,该乳状液膜体系能快速有效地从实际样品中提取分离荷莲豆碱.     

原油乳状液加剂降低转相点实验研究

转相点是原油乳状液输送时一个重要的参数。在转相点后输送时阻力较小,而在转相点前输送时阻力较大。为了节能降耗,降低输送成本,减小集输过程中的流动阻力,在室内开展了向含水原油中加入DODE系列流动改进剂后的流动实验,研究加剂后转相点变化规律。实验结果表明:含水原油中添加DODE系列流动改进剂可以使含水原油的转相点由原来的50%～70%提前到了30%～50%,形成具有适度稳定性的水包油型原油乳状液,降低了原油乳状液的表观黏度。     

模拟油乳状液的制备及稳定性的研究

研究了煤油与原油配制模拟油乳状液的稳定性,应用显微镜测定了模拟油乳状液粒子的粒径.实验确定了配制模拟油乳状液的最佳原油与煤油比、乳化速度、乳化时间和油水比.对破乳剂OX-9354和OX-9351在模拟油与原油乳状液中的脱水情况进行了对比,表明脱水率变化趋势相同,模拟油可以用来评价破乳剂.     

氯化钙对pH控制的可逆乳状液可逆转化行为的影响

可逆乳状液可通过改变外界条件,在水包油乳状液和油包水乳状液之间逆转,集中不同液体形式的优点发挥更好的作用,现阶段主要应用于制备可逆乳化钻井液。可逆乳化钻井液中水相一般采用20. 00wt%～25. 00wt%氯化钙水溶液,故针对氯化钙对可逆乳状液的可逆转化行为的影响进行研究(目前无针对性研究报道),确定保持乳状液可逆转相性能的水相氯化钙浓度范围(浓度≤30. 00wt%),探明了氯化钙对可逆乳状液的影响:①可逆乳状液酸致转相所需酸液用量随水相氯化钙浓度的升高而减少,可逆乳状液碱致转相所需碱液用量随水相氯化钙浓度的升高而增加;②水包油乳状液/油包水乳状液稳定性均随水相氯化钙浓度的升高而减弱。从乳状液体系Zeta电位、乳状液体系稳定原理角度揭示了氯化钙对可逆乳状液产生影响的机理为:通过压缩扩散双电层作用可改变油水界面构成,与氯化钙对水油密度差的影响作用协同对可逆乳状液的可逆转化行为产生影响。研究成果可为高性能可逆乳化钻井液的制备提供指导。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with