Variations in the glycosidic pattern of anthocyanins

Zusammenfassung Neun Glykoside des Pelargonidins wurden durch papierchromatographische Methoden gekennzeichnet. Es war notwendig, die Methode der Zuckeridentifizierung abzuändern, um die Bildung des Kunstprodukts Arabinose zu vermeiden. Einige der neun Glykoside gehören zu neuen Sorten von Anthocyanidinglykosiden, die bisher noch nicht in der Natur entdeckt waren. Die dadurch erklärte Variation im Glykosidformelbild der Anthocyane wird in bezug auf ihre Biosynthese diskutiert.

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Part I: Nature179, 429 (1957).     

The anthocyanins of roses. Occurrence of peonin

Zusammenfassung Im Gegensatz zu einer früheren Mitteilung konnten wir in den Blumenblättern der Hybriden-Tee-Rose kein Myricetin finden. Delphinidin kam in keiner der geprüften Rosenblüten vor. In roten Varianten erhält man violette Farben bei der «Copigmentation» von Cyanin. Pelargonin ist in gelbroten Rosen vorhanden und Peonin wurde erstmals in der rosa Variante gefunden.     

Microbiological transformation of cannabinoids

Summary Microorganisms were screened for their ability to modify 2 synthetic cannabinoid substrates (I andII). Structure analyses revealed that microorganisms transformed the substrates by (a) primary oxidation of the side chain, -oxidation of the side chain, ketone formation on the side chain or cyclohexene ring, (b) secondary hydroxylation on the side chain, (c) aromatization of the cyclohexene ring, and (d) tertiary hydroxylation at the b/c ring juncture.     

Microbiological transformation of biflavone

Summary Incubation of 5,5-7,7-tetramethoxy-8,8-biflavone withAspergillus niger results in the formation of 4,4-dihydroxy-5,5-7,7-tetramethoxy-8,8-biflavan.Part of this work was done at Allahabad University, Chemical Laboratories.     

Novel reactions of rotenone

Summary Novel reactions of rotenone are described. Demethylation of rotenone under mild conditions was observed. A compound with oxidation state between rotenone and rotenonone was isolated.     

Fourier transformation study of corneal stroma

The various patterns observed by generating Fourier transforms of the fixed normal corneal stroma are described. The patterns are analysed in terms of the dimensions of the stromal fibers, the dimensional and directional order of the fiber distribution and the order of the fiber-fiber functions by proteoglycans.     

Indications of an interspecific transformation inAllomyces

Résumé Les caractères de forme arrondie des gamétanges et, dans quelques cas, de position réciproque de leurs sexes (épigynie versus hypogynie) ont pu Être transférés à l'Allomyces macrogynus par de l'ADN extrait d'Allomyces arbusculus.

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The Financial support of the Fonds national suisse de la Recherche scientifique is gratefully acknowledged.     

Microbiological transformation of 6,14-endo-ethenotetrahydrothebaine alkaloids

Zusammenfassung In der vorliegenden Arbeit werden mikrobiologische Umwandlungen von mehreren 6, 14-endo-Äthenotetrahydrothebain Alkaloiden beschrieben. Mit Hilfe von verschiedenen Mikroorganismen konnten stereospezifische Reduktionen undN-Desalkylierungen ausgeführt werden.     

Condensation reactions of formyl- and acetyl-ferrocene

Riassunto Si riferisce sulla applicazione delle reazioni di Reformatskii e di Wittig al formil- e all'acetil-ferrocene per preparare i corrispondenti acidi ferrocenilacrilici. Viene anche descritta la condensazione del formilferrocene col nitrometano.     

Structural basis of nucleolar function

Zusammenfassung Es scheint ein fundamentaler Zusammenhang zwischen Struktur und Funktion des Nukleolus vorhanden zu sein. Die Spätphase des Hauptnukleolus hat eine Doppelstruktur. Die beobachtete Nukleolusvermehrung zeigt, dass der Nukleolus ein aktives Gebiet für RNS und Proteinsynthese ist. Die Übertragung der Nukleolusstoffe vom Kern ins Cytoplasma wird diskutiert.     

Structural aspects of Golgi function

Since its discovery, the Golgi complex has attracted the attention of cell biologists because of its fashionable morphology and central position within the secretory system of the cell. Here, we discuss how the three-dimensional architecture of the Golgi complex relates to its multiple functions in protein sorting and processing, and how an analysis of the morphology of the Golgi complex can help to provide an understanding of the mechanisms involved in transport through this unique organelle.     

Ionic control of biochemical reactions]

It is shown that pH and ionic strength are tightly interdependent in cytochrome oxidase activity at the level of inner membranes of the mitochondrion, as a direct consequence of the polyanionic environment of this enzyme. Application of polyelectrolyte theory explains a number of biochemical reactions controlled by ionic strength fluctuations.     

Structural properties of matrix metalloproteinases

Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are involved in extracellular matrix degradation. Their proteolytic activity must be precisely regulated by their endogenous protein inhibitors, the tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMPs). Disruption of this balance results in serious diseases such as arthritis, tumour growth and metastasis. Knowledge of the tertiary structures of the proteins involved is crucial for understanding their functional properties and interference with associated dysfunctions. Within the last few years, several three-dimensional MMP and MMP-TIMP structures became available, showing the domain organization, polypeptide fold and main specificity determinants. Complexes of the catalytic MMP domains with various synthetic inhibitors enabled the structure-based design and improvement of high-affinity ligands, which might be elaborated into drugs. A multitude of reviews surveying work done on all aspects of MMPs have appeared in recent years, but none of them has focused on the three-dimensional structures. This review was written to close the gap. Received 18 November 1998; accepted 11 December 1998     

Structural determinants of protein folding

The last several decades have seen an explosion of knowledge in the field of structural biology. With critical advances in spectroscopic techniques in examining structures of biomacromolecules, in maturation of molecular biology techniques, as well as vast improvements in computation prowess, protein structures are now being elucidated at an unprecedented rate. In spite of all the recent advances, the protein folding puzzle remains as one of the fundamental biochemical challenges. A facet to this empiric problem is the structural determinants of protein folding. What are the driving forces that pivot a polypeptide chain to a specific conformation amongst the vast conformation space? In this review, we shall discuss some of the structural determinants to protein folding that have been identified in the recent decades.