适用于空调蓄冷的新型相变蓄冷介质的研究

研究了空调蓄冷技术对高温相变蓄冷材料各种性质的要求，提出了一种蓄冷空调用的新型高温相变蓄冷介质，并且进行了性能测试．结果表明：该介质的相变温度为7.5～8℃，熔解热为173.2kJ/kg，是一种有发展前途的高效蓄冷介质。     

二元相变材料蓄冷球蓄冷过程的研究

采用摄动分析方法，对一种新型二元相变低共溶蓄冷介质的蓄冷球的蓄冷过程进行了模拟计算。对蓄冷球蓄冷时间、蓄冷球传热、蓄冷球大小、壁厚和材料等影响蓄冷过程的特性进行了分析，并得到了一些结论，这些结论可以指导蓄冷球的设计和系统的蓄冷控制。     

冷藏车用新型相变蓄冷材料的研究

阐述了蓄冷板冷藏车技术的研究现状,对比分析了结晶水合盐蓄冷与有机物蓄冷的优缺点.针对蓄冷板冷藏车对相变蓄冷材料的要求,提出了一种A级冷藏车用的新型相变蓄冷材料,进行了相变温度测试,结果表明该介质的相变温度为-6.9℃,是一种适用蓄冷板冷藏车蓄能介质.     

相变蓄冷口红外壳的制备及其性能试验

当夏季温度超过30℃时,口红会因高温发生融化,甚至断裂。为了防止口红在夏季因高温融化,利用3D打印技术制备了光敏树脂的口红外壳,选用十二醇和月桂酸作为中间蓄冷介质,采用加热混合法制备了十二醇–月桂酸相变蓄冷材料。利用瞬态平面热源法导热仪、差示扫描量热仪和蓄冷试验对相变蓄冷材料的导热系数、相变温度、相变潜热和蓄冷特性进行了研究。结果表明:十二醇–月桂酸相变材料的导热系数为0.225 8 W/(m·K),相变温度为18.6℃,相变潜热为179.1 kJ/kg,适合作为口红外壳的相变蓄冷剂。在30℃的高温天气条件下,蓄冷口红外壳能够持续蓄冷大约3 h,可以确保口红不会因高温融化,能够延长口红的使用寿命。     

高温供冷相变蓄冷材料的制备及蓄冷性能

对高温供冷用相变蓄冷材料进行配制,并对其热物性及蓄\释冷性能进行分析.分析测试了癸酸 月桂酸二元体系的低共熔点,以及不同种类添加剂的摩尔分数对体系相变特性的影响.建立蓄冷球模型,对蓄\释冷过程中材料温度、蓄\释冷量、蓄\释冷速率的变化规律进行分析;使用自制相变材料灌装蓄冷球,进行蓄冷、释冷性能实验.结果表明：以摩尔比例70∶30的癸酸、月桂酸混合物为基液,摩尔分数0.08的油酸为添加剂,制备出蓄冷材料的相变温度约15 ℃,相变潜热为114.1 kJ/kg,蓄冷球蓄冷、释冷过程稳定,单球蓄冷总量为17.67 kJ,能够满足高温供冷空调系统的蓄冷需求.
     

有机高温空调相变蓄冷材料研究现状

本文比较了各种蓄冷方式的特点,论述了国内外有机高温空调相变蓄冷材料的研究现状,根据二元有机低共融混合物相变温度的理论预测模型,以十二醇/癸酸混合物为例,对其相变温度和相变潜热进行了预测,并通过DSC实物测试,验证了预测的准确性。     

蓄冷平板二维凝固特性的焓式有限元法分析

为了研究一种相变材料的蓄冷特性,采用焓式有限元法对该材料的凝固特点进行了研究.获得了以该介质为蓄冷媒介的蓄冷平板在第一类边界条件下凝固时的相界面移动规律、板内温度分布及预测蓄冷时间等参数.数值模拟与实验结果吻合度较好,为板式蓄冷器的优化设计和该相变蓄冷材料的应用提供了一定的理论依据.     

空调用纳米复合相变蓄冷材料导热性能的研究

对比分析了水蓄冷、冰蓄冷、共晶盐蓄冷及气体水合物蓄冷技术的优缺点,提出在常规空调中采用纳米复合材料相变蓄冷技术,针对目前空调用有机相变蓄冷材料普遍存在导热系数低、传热性能差的缺点,采用在其中添加纳米颗粒来改善介质的导热性能,对其导热性能进行了实验研究.结果表明：加入纳米TiO2颗粒后,有效地提高了有机相变蓄冷材料的导热系数.     

纳米复合有机相变蓄冷介质分散稳定性的研究

针对有机相变蓄冷介质导热系数低的问题,采用纳米复合技术对空调用相变蓄冷材料HS-1进行了改性研究.通过实验深入研究了表面活性剂、超声时间、最佳超声时间下分散剂质量浓度对分散性的影响以及纳米与非纳米添加剂对分散性的影响.最终确定了纳米TiO2复合有机相变蓄冷介质(TiO2/HS-1)的制备的最佳分散条件.     

相变蓄冷材料的选择与相变潜热的测定

从物质的热物性、化学性质、相变动力学和经济性四个方面详细阐述了理想相变蓄冷材料的选择依据.建立了简便、实用测量固液相变潜热的装置,同时利用该装置测量出豆蔻酸、羊蜡酸等物料的热力学参数.通过测量,可选择出接近于理想的蓄冷物质,为小型制冷装置提供可靠、经济的冷源.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.