生物基聚醚胺型苯并噁嗪树脂的制备与性能研究

以生物质原料双酚酸甲酯(MDP)和双酚A(BA)为酚源,以聚醚胺D230为胺源与多聚甲醛经Mannich反应制得不同比例BA与MDP的苯并噁嗪前驱体.利用核磁共振(~1H NMR)和红外光谱(FTIR)对苯并噁嗪前驱体的化学结构进行了表征,结果表明制备得到的产物与所设计的结构相符.利用差示扫描量热法(Differential Scanning Calorimeter,DSC)对得到产物的热性能进行表征,结果表明所得前驱体的固化起始温度(T_(onset))为208.0～225.9℃,固化峰值温度(T_(peak))为240.0～246.6℃,与石油基纯BA制备得到的前驱体样品比较,两者固化温度相当.通过热重分析(Thermogravimetric Analysis,TGA)和拉伸试验对聚苯并噁嗪的力学性能进行了测试,结果表明,制得的聚苯并噁嗪具有较好的热稳定性和力学性能,得到的产物中MDP所占比例最高的聚苯并噁嗪PBA/MDP010-D230具有最佳综合性能.热重分析结果表明,PBA/MDP010-D230在氮气氛围下的5%热失重温度和10%热失重温度分别为356.3℃和373.0℃,且其在氮气氛围中800℃下的残炭率可达38.3%.PBA/MDP010-D230的力学性能测试显示其拉伸强度高达68.9 MPa,同时具有6.6%的断裂伸长率,这一结果表明了其具有较好的力学性能.     

精馏法催化大豆油裂解制备可再生燃料油

采用自组装的裂解精炼装置,以大豆油为原料考察了精馏反应条件对裂解产物性能的影响。结果表明,最佳反应条件为：精馏柱温度范围320~350 ℃,裂解反应釜温度480~500 ℃,大豆油滴加速度为35 g/h。通过红外光谱（FTIR）、气质联用（GC MS）和凝胶色谱（SEC）对裂解产物的分析表明,产物具有较低的平均分子质量,主要成分为烷烃、烯烃、醛、羧酸等。从化学组成及燃料性能来看,裂解产物的性质与石化柴油相近,裂解所得产物密度825 kg/m3,黏度40 mm2/s,热值42 MJ/kg,冷凝点-9 ℃,冷滤点-4 ℃,具有较好燃料性能。     

1-L-脯氨酸-1-脱氧-D-果糖的热解研究

采用离线裂解装置分别在200℃,300℃,400℃三个不同温度点对-L-脯氨酸-I-脱氧-D-果糖（PF）进行裂解,用二氯甲烷收集产物,并采用GC／MS联用技术进行初步定性分析．结果表明：PF在不同温度下裂解产物不一样,高温裂解产物较多;裂解产物大部分为杂环类化合物（如吡咯、吡咯烷类、呋喃、吡喃、呋喃酮、吡喃酮等等）,这些物质是卷烟烟气中重要的致香成分．     

TG—DSC联用技术在磷矿石热分解上的应用

运用TG—DSC联用技术研究了磷矿石的热分解过程,得到了磷矿石在不同粒度、不同升温速率下的TG—DSC曲线．结果显示磷矿石在40～1100℃范围内可分为4次失重阶段;随着粒度的减小。TG曲线中的失重阶段更为明显和彻底,DSC曲线的吸热峰更为尖锐;随着升温速率的提高,磷矿石热解段起始和终止温度向高温侧移动,且失重率也有增大的趋势;使用Ozawa法计算了磷矿石在600～800℃吸热分解过程的活化能,平均值为202．80kJ/mol,为磷矿石的资源化利用提供依据．     

阻燃剂聚苯基膦酸二苯偶氮酯对PET阻燃作用机理研究

用热重分析(TGA)和热裂解色谱(PGC—MS)研究了阻燃剂聚苯基膦酸二苯偶氮酯(PAPPP)对聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(PET)的阻燃作用机理。TGA结果表明PAPPP／PET(15／85)共混物的起始分解温度为337℃，550℃的热解残余量为26．8％，450℃～550℃的失重为23．3％，与纯PET相比，共混物的热解温度范围变宽，残余量增加，且在PET燃点附近的可燃性挥发气体的生成量降低，表现为凝聚相阻燃机理．PGC—MS分析表明，加入PAPPP对PET的热裂解模式有一定影响，在燃烧过程中伴有酯交换反应．     

基于TG-FTIR和Py-GC/MS的生物质三组分快速热解机理研究

利用热重红外联用仪(TG-FTIR)和快速热解-气相色谱/质谱联用仪(Py-GC/MS),对生物质三组分(纤维素、半纤维素和木质素)的热解失重规律、动力学和挥发分组分及其含量进行了对比研究。TG/DTG曲线表明,纤维素热解失重区间最窄,峰值处热解失重率最大;半纤维的最易发生降解,存在两个失重区间;而木质素热解过程最缓慢,热解温度范围最广。三维FTIR表明,纤维素热解主要产物为CO_2、醛类、酮类和酸类;半纤维素热解主要产物与纤维素一致,但是CO_2含量比其他几类组分高很多;木质素热解主要产物为CO_2和芳香烃类。Py-GC/MS分析表明,纤维素热解有机组分主要为呋喃类和脱水糖类,呋喃类产物在600℃时达到最大值43.34%,脱水糖类产物在500℃时达到最大值27.78%;半纤维素热解主要产物为酮类和呋喃类,两者含量随着热解温度增加呈逐渐下降趋势;木质素热解主要产物为酚类,总酚含量在热解温度500℃时达到最大值78%,其中愈创木酚型(G-型)酚的含量最高63.43%。     

PY-GC/MS法研究新型耐高温聚酯PCT的热分解

聚对苯二甲酸1，4-环己二甲醇酯（PCT）是一种新型的耐高温聚酯。应用裂解-气相色谱质谱（PY—GC／MS）联用技术研究了聚酯PCT的热分解性能，并对聚酯PCT在400，500，600和700℃时的裂解产物分别进行了鉴定。结果表明，不同裂解温度下，产物组成差别很大。600℃裂解时，在总离子流图（TIC）上各特征裂解产物的存在最为明显，可准确判断PCT聚酯的结构组成。     

聚α-烯烃航空润滑基础油超高温产物结构组分分析

以聚α-烯烃航空润滑基础油(PAO)为原料,借助高温高压反应釜装置研究了超高温(350℃和400℃)作用对PAO性能的影响,并利用气相色谱/质谱联用(GC/MS)技术从分子水平上分析了反应产物的结构组分差异.结果表明:聚α-烯烃在超高温作用下发生深度热裂解,尤其在400℃作用下几乎完全裂解.裂解产物经GC/MS分析,共检测出178种化合物,包括19种正构烷烃(NAs)、43种异构烷烃(IPs)、56种烯烃(OFs)、17种环烷烃(CAs)、15种芳烃(AHs)、4种含杂原子化合物(HCCs)及24种α-烯烃的聚合体(PMs).350℃和400℃下裂解生成的小分子化合物的相对含量分别达到37.236%和65.160%,这些小分子化合物的大量产生是导致油品粘度变稀的主要原因,然而环烷烃、芳烃及杂原子化合物等含生色/助色基团化合物则是油品颜色加深的主要因素之一.     

戊二酸单薄荷酯的合成和热裂解

戊二酸酐和薄荷醇在4-二甲氨基吡啶(DMAP)的催化作用下,以甲苯为溶剂,合成新型清凉剂戊二酸单薄荷酯,采用正交试验优化了合成条件,得到较佳反应条件为:戊二酸酐和薄荷醇的摩尔比为1.4∶1,催化剂用量为薄荷醇摩尔分数的10%,回流温度下反应10 h,收率在80%以上.产物的结构通过红外光谱、核磁共振光谱和质谱进行了表征.利用热重-微商热重(TG-DTG)对戊二酸单薄荷酯的热失重、裂解温度进行了研究,通过在线裂解气相色谱/质谱联用(Py-GC/MS)技术对戊二酸单薄荷酯分别在无氧和有氧条件下,在300、600、750、900℃时的裂解产物进行了研究.结果表明:戊二酸单薄荷酯的裂解温度为305.1℃,在348.0℃时,样品总失重率接近100%;无氧和有氧条件下裂解产物的种类和数量随着温度升高而增多,有氧裂解产物数量多于无氧裂解;p-薄荷-3-烯、3-甲基-6-异丙基环己烯和薄荷醇是裂解的主要产物,具有致香和清凉作用.     

PBO纤维的热降解过程分析

运用裂解-色谱/质谱(Py-GC/MS)、热失重-红外(TGA-DTA/FT-IR)、热失重-质谱(TGA-DTA/MS)等联用技术分析聚对苯撑苯并双噁唑(PB0)纤维的热降解行为.其中,PBO纤维在Py-GC/MS中迅速裂解产生的碎片记录了分子链断裂的过程,而在TGA-DTA/FT-IR、TGA-DTA/MS中连续升温的热降解特征及其释放物反映了纤维受热后分子链的断裂、重组等过程.升温到1 000℃时,在惰性气体中,PBO纤维的热失重剩余量为76.5%,而在空气中几乎完全失重,氧化作用对纤维的失重影响很大.在两种气氛下降解产物均以小分子物质为主,其中CO2占最大比例.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with